Conlang - Recent changes [en]

Owaex

2012-05-16T21:44:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:44, May 16, 2012
Line 26:		Line 26:
	*H (huffing sound; can be prononced like an h)		*H (huffing sound; can be prononced like an h)
	*t		*t
-	*T (retroflex t)	+	*ʈ (retroflex t)
	*a (ah)		*a (ah)
	*u (oo)		*u (oo)
Line 126:		Line 126:
	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
	=== Consonants ===		=== Consonants ===
-	The following are phonemic transcriptions of Rangyan consonants.	+	The following are phonemic transcriptions of Owaex consonants.
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
	!colspan="2"\|		!colspan="2"\|
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	!colspan="2"\|Fricative		!colspan="2"\|Fricative
	\|		\|
-	\|s z<sup>2</sup>	+	\|s z
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Line 167:		Line 167:
	!<small>plain</small>		!<small>plain</small>
	\|		\|
-	\|ts dz<sup>4</sup>	+	\|ts dz
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	!<small>aspirated</small>		!<small>aspirated</small>
	\|		\|
-	\|tsʰ<sup>4</sup>	+	\|ts
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Line 181:		Line 181:
	!colspan="2"\|Liquid		!colspan="2"\|Liquid
	\|		\|
-	\|ɾ~l<sup>5</sup>	+	\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Line 193:		Line 193:
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
-
-	# /ŋ/ appears only in the syllable coda.
-	# /s, z/ are palatalised [ɕ, ʑ] before /i, j/
-	# /h/ is palatalised [ç] before /i, j/; and is bilabialised [ɸ] before /u, w/
-	# /ts, dz, tsʰ/ are palatalised [tɕ, dʑ, tɕʰ] before /i, j/
-	# /ɾ/ is an alveolar flap [ɾ] in the syllable onset; and is [l] in the syllable coda.

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
Line 227:		Line 221:
	# /u/ is /ʊ/ before velar codas /ŋ, k̚/		# /u/ is /ʊ/ before velar codas /ŋ, k̚/

-	====Diphthongs====	+	===
-		+	Rangyan consonants have two principal positional allophones: initial and final. The initial form is found at the beginning of a syllable and the final form is found at the end of a syllable.Positional allophones ===
-	In the Rangyan language, because semivowels /j/ and /w/ may follow consonants in initial position in a word, which no other consonant can do, and perhaps due also to yenmun orthography, which transcribes them as vowels, they are sometimes considered to be elements of diphthongs and triphthongs rather than separate consonant phonemes.
-	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
-	! width="33%"\|j-
-	! width="33%"\|w-
-	! width="33%"\| -i
-	\|-
-	\|ja
-	\|wa
-	\|aɪ
-	\|-
-	\|jɛ
-	\|wɛ
-	\|eɪ
-	\|-
-	\|jɔ
-	\|
-	\|ɔɪ
-	\|-
-	\|ju<sup>1</sup>
-	\|
-	\|uɪ~wi<sup>2</sup>
-	\|}
-
-	# /ju/ is pronounced /jʊ/ before velar codas /ŋ, k̚/
-	# /uɪ/ is a falling diphthong [uɪ] after a consonant in an open syllable; and is a rising diphthong [wi] when it is a syllable of its own or in a closed syllable.
-
-	====Triphthongs====
-	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:150px;"
-	! width="50%"\|j-
-	! width="50%"\|w-
-	\|-
-	\|jaɪ
-	\|waɪ
-	\|-
-	\|jeɪ
-	\|weɪ
-	\|}
-
-	=== Positional allophones ===
-	Rangyan consonants have two principal positional allophones: initial and final. The initial form is found at the beginning of a syllable and the final form is found at the end of a syllable.
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
	! width="40%"\|Phoneme		! width="40%"\|Phoneme

User talk:Seladwa

2012-05-16T20:57:17Z

Colour:

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:57, May 16, 2012
Line 32:		Line 32:

	Hello =) Still going to stay here? <font color="purple">'''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos\|The Emperor Zelos]]'''</font> 20:54, May 16, 2012 (UTC)		Hello =) Still going to stay here? <font color="purple">'''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos\|The Emperor Zelos]]'''</font> 20:54, May 16, 2012 (UTC)
		+
		+	Why wouldn't I? Plus, I haven't seen the potential new Wiki. Unless you guys remove the conlang wiki from wikia, which would be very cruel to all those who want to stay here, I can always move over to the new one at a later time. --[[User:Seladwa\|Seladwa]] 20:57, May 16, 2012 (UTC)

User talk:Seladwa

2012-05-16T20:54:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:54, May 16, 2012
Line 30:		Line 30:
	==Colour==		==Colour==
	You wish to be able to change the colour from plain white? I am open and many more for suggestions there but I know its possible with the CSS coding and common.css, though I don't know coding for that you could check out what is needed for it.		You wish to be able to change the colour from plain white? I am open and many more for suggestions there but I know its possible with the CSS coding and common.css, though I don't know coding for that you could check out what is needed for it.
		+
		+	Hello =) Still going to stay here? <font color="purple">'''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos\|The Emperor Zelos]]'''</font> 20:54, May 16, 2012 (UTC)

Nalnuàntir

2012-05-16T20:45:41Z

Example Sentences:

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:45, May 16, 2012
(2 intermediate revisions not shown)
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-	(1a) [ce/ao]	+	(1a) ao
	to be ''(valency of 2 «P is F»)''		to be ''(valency of 2 «P is F»)''

-	(1b) [ce/ao]-suf	+	(1b) prefix-ao
		+	be.-F
	to exist ''(valency of 1 «P exists»)''		to exist ''(valency of 1 «P exists»)''

Line 754:		Line 754:
	1ps Q.F think ASS		1ps Q.F think ASS
	"What am I thinking."		"What am I thinking."
-

	(1) La hijèl e.		(1) La hijèl e.
Line 780:		Line 779:
	Q 1ps book the SWAP give INT		Q 1ps book the SWAP give INT
	"Who gives me the book?"		"Who gives me the book?"
		+
		+	() L'kem bèlanme jë ao e.
		+	[lˌkɛm ˈʙɛlanmɛ ʒ ˌʔaːwɛ]
		+	1ps man generous ART be END
		+	"I am a generous man."

	==Sample Vocabulary==		==Sample Vocabulary==

User talk:Hyenaste

2012-05-16T20:25:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:25, May 16, 2012
Line 5:		Line 5:

	There already are templates that can write dot below. Use <nowiki>{{bd\|O}}</nowiki> to get Ọ and <nowiki>{{bd\|o}}</nowiki> to get ọ. – [[User:Smiddle\|Smiddle]] / <small>[[user talk:Smiddle\|talk]]</small> 13:54, 3 November 2007 (UTC)		There already are templates that can write dot below. Use <nowiki>{{bd\|O}}</nowiki> to get Ọ and <nowiki>{{bd\|o}}</nowiki> to get ọ. – [[User:Smiddle\|Smiddle]] / <small>[[user talk:Smiddle\|talk]]</small> 13:54, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
		+
		+	I would like to inform you that the wiki has moved to [http://conlang.wikkii.com/wiki/Main_Page here] <font color="purple">'''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos\|The Emperor Zelos]]'''</font> 20:25, May 16, 2012 (UTC)

Taurahe

2012-05-16T20:25:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:25, May 16, 2012
(One intermediate revision not shown)
Line 80:		Line 80:
	:kanyanya → /kaɲɲ/ → [kɒɲɲ] 'dog'		:kanyanya → /kaɲɲ/ → [kɒɲɲ] 'dog'
	:manyama → /maɲm/ → [mʷɒɲmʷ] 'eat'		:manyama → /maɲm/ → [mʷɒɲmʷ] 'eat'
-
	===Stress===		===Stress===
-	Stress is regular. Words are broken into trochees, firstly on the left edge of the word, then grouping every pair of syllables from the right edge.	+	Stress is regular, so words with the same number of morae will have the same stress patterns. Words with 3 or fewer morae are stressed on the first syllable. Words with 4 or more morae are stressed on the penultimate syllable, with secondary stress on the first syllable and every alternating syllable.
-	*(á.lo) ''path''	+
-	*(mó.ʃa) ''pine tree''	+	:μ́
-	*(fá.lal) ''clothes''	+	::so 'water'
		+	::hi 'star'
		+	::shu 'wind'
		+
		+	:μ́μ
		+	::sethe 'table'
		+	::puhe 'grass'
		+	::xaka 'strider'
		+
		+	:μ́μμ
		+	::homashi 'animal hide'
		+	::unafe 'safety'
		+	::phasuni 'mane'

-	*(ŋá.mu)lu ''druid''	+	:μ̀μμ́μ
-	*(kʰé.t͡ʃe)t͡ʃo ''tug''	+	::kamaruzhi 'milk'
-	*(k'á.ŋu)se	+	::xahisati 'rainstorm'
		+	::nosathoka 'head'

-	*(nó.sa)(tʰó.ka) ''head''	+	:μ̀μμμ́μ
-	*(ká.sa)(tʰé.ŋo) ''nose''	+	::laxotamani 'earthquake'

-	*(ʒá.no)ze(tʰé.kʰe) ''orderly''	+	:μ̀μμ̀μμ́μ
-	*(lá.kʰo)ta(má.ne) ''earthquake''	+	::nashatemathe 'stand up'

-	===Pronunciation===	+	:μ̀μμμ̀μμ́μ
-	There are many processes that act on these words that change the way they are pronounced from what is expected.	+	::exasaxarecura 'map'

	====/e/ tensing====		====/e/ tensing====

Hymmnos-Archaic Plains Dialect

2012-05-16T18:50:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:50, May 16, 2012
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	''"Calamity's hints."''		''"Calamity's hints."''
	=='''Articles'''==		=='''Articles'''==
-	In ACP, there are 4 articles: Definite article, indefinite article, plural definite article and plural indefinite article. They are the following:	+	In ACP, there are 4 articles: Definite article, indefinite article, plural definite article and plural indefinite article. They are the following:
	{\| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table article-table-selected"		{\| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table article-table-selected"
	! scope="col"\|Singular Definite		! scope="col"\|Singular Definite
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	\|Nao		\|Nao
	\|En'		\|En'
-	\|Naa	+	\|Naa
	\|Ann'		\|Ann'
	\|}		\|}
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	\|V.		\|V.
	\|To weave.		\|To weave.
		+	\|-
		+	\|Khidel
		+	\|V.
		+	\|To pray.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Akkra		\|Akkra
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	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.		\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.
	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Line, mark.		\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Line, mark.
		+	\|-
		+	\|Khidae
		+	\|N.
		+	\|Prayer, orison.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Meka		\|Meka
Line 1,467:		Line 1,475:
	\|N.		\|N.
	\|Metamorphosis.		\|Metamorphosis.
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|So
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Hand.
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Tey
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Leg.
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Zhe
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Foot.
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Diah
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Shoulder.
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Tain
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Nail.
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Khee
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Navel, belly button.
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Sozh
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Finger.
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Beh
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Nose.
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Eroa
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Ear.
		+	\|-
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Defa
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.
		+	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Hair.
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Solkor		\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Solkor
	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.		\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|N.
	\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Humanity's sins, humanity's dirty feelings and actions.		\| style="vertical-align: top;"\|Humanity's sins, humanity's dirty feelings and actions.
		+	\|-
		+	\|Doh
		+	\|N.
		+	\|Head.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Setra		\|Setra
Line 1,523:		Line 1,575:
	\|N.		\|N.
	\|Quasar, mass of light, white hole.		\|Quasar, mass of light, white hole.
		+	\|-
		+	\|Gestal
		+	\|N.
		+	\|Shape.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Tyunasa		\|Tyunasa
	\|N.		\|N.
	\|Beauty, exquisiteness.		\|Beauty, exquisiteness.
		+	\|-
		+	\|Ashtahk
		+	\|N.
		+	\|Signature.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Rytmika		\|Rytmika
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	\|N.		\|N.
	\|Abnormal state of mind, eerie plane, etherealness, soul plane.		\|Abnormal state of mind, eerie plane, etherealness, soul plane.
		+	\|-
		+	\|Rakuna
		+	\|N.
		+	\|Triangle.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Gallactika		\|Gallactika
	\|N.		\|N.
	\|Galaxy.		\|Galaxy.
		+	\|-
		+	\|Xenio
		+	\|N.
		+	\|Gas, vapor.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Remedia		\|Remedia
	\|N.		\|N.
	\|Panacea, elixir, high-cure, potion, remedy, healing drink.		\|Panacea, elixir, high-cure, potion, remedy, healing drink.
		+	\|-
		+	\|Raon
		+	\|N.
		+	\|Music, rhythm.
		+	\|-
		+	\|Vinc
		+	\|N.
		+	\|Angle.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Lyundei		\|Lyundei
Line 1,559:		Line 1,635:
	\|N.		\|N.
	\|Thread.		\|Thread.
		+	\|-
		+	\|Afok
		+	\|N.
		+	\|Degree.
		+	\|-
		+	\|Zalr
		+	\|N.
		+	\|Number.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Serrivale		\|Serrivale
	\|N.		\|N.
	\|Of change, of metamorphosis, of mutation.		\|Of change, of metamorphosis, of mutation.
		+	\|-
		+	\|Ferka
		+	\|N.
		+	\|Square, rectangle.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Yadonis		\|Yadonis

Taurahe

2012-05-16T18:48:18Z

Phonotactics:

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:48, May 16, 2012
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Line 15:		Line 15:
	!High		!High
	\|i [i]		\|i [i]
		+	\|
		+	\|
		+	\|-
		+	!Mid
		+	\|e [e]
	\|u [ɵ˞]		\|u [ɵ˞]
-	\|o [ʊ]	+	\|o [o]
	\|-		\|-
	!Low		!Low
-	\|e [ɛ]	+	\|
	\|		\|
	\|a [ɒ]		\|a [ɒ]
Line 37:		Line 42:
	\| m [mʷ]		\| m [mʷ]
	\| n [n]		\| n [n]
-	\| ɲ [ɲ]	+	\| ny [ɲ]
-	\| ŋ [ŋ]	+	\| ng [ŋ]
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
Line 44:		Line 49:
	\| p [p]		\| p [p]
	\| t [t]		\| t [t]
-	\| rowspan=2 \| tʃ [t͡ʃ]	+	\| rowspan=2 \| c [t͡ʃ]
	\| k [k]		\| k [k]
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	!Aspirated		!Aspirated
-	\| pʰ [pʰ]	+	\| ph [pʰ]
-	\| tʰ [tʰ]	+	\| th [tʰ]
	\| rowspan=2 \| x [kʰ~x]		\| rowspan=2 \| x [kʰ~x]
	\|		\|
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	\| f [f]		\| f [f]
	\| s [s]		\| s [s]
-	\| ʃ [ʃ]	+	\| sh [ʃ]
	\| h [h]		\| h [h]
	\|-		\|-
	! Voiced		! Voiced
	\| v [v]		\| v [v]
-	\| z [ʐʷ]	+	\| r [ʐʷ]
-	\| ʒ [ʒ]	+	\| zh [ʒ]
	\| l [lʷ]		\| l [lʷ]
	\|		\|
Line 72:		Line 77:
	Fundamentally, every syllable contains one consonant and one vowel. However, frequent vowel deletion results in a maximal syllable of CVCC, where the coda vowels are continuant and decrease in sonority. The sonority scale is nasals → voiced fricatives → voiceless fricatives.		Fundamentally, every syllable contains one consonant and one vowel. However, frequent vowel deletion results in a maximal syllable of CVCC, where the coda vowels are continuant and decrease in sonority. The sonority scale is nasals → voiced fricatives → voiceless fricatives.

-	:/pa.la.sa/ → /pals/ → [pɒlʷs] 'body hair'	+	:palasa → /pals/ → [pɒlʷs] 'body hair'
-	:/ka.ɲa.ɲa/ → /kaɲɲ/ → [kɒɲɲ] 'dog'	+	:kanyanya → /kaɲɲ/ → [kɒɲɲ] 'dog'
-	:/ma.ɲa.ma/ → /maɲm/ → [mʷɒɲmʷ] 'eat'	+	:manyama → /maɲm/ → [mʷɒɲmʷ] 'eat'
-
-	σ
-	:/so/ ''water''
-	:/he/ ''star''
-	:/mo/ ''greetings''
-	σσ
-	:/papa/ ''droplet''
-	:/fitʰi/ ''hunter''
-	:/kʰoto/ ''kodo''
-	σσσ
-	:/kusutu/ ''deer''
-	:/feʒeza/ ''wild''
-	σσσσ
-	:/kahisatʰi/ ''rainstorm''
-	:/nosatʰoka/ ''head''
-	σσσσσ
-	:/lakʰotamani/ ''earthquake''
-
-	σ
-	:/pʰoh/ ''wind''
-	:/sus/ ''quiet''
-	σσ+
-	:/pu.hel/ ''grass''
-	:/t͡ʃa.ŋav/ ''snack''
-	:/ma.nas/ ''mana''
-	σσσ+
-	:/la.vo.zot͡ʃ/ ''wolf''
-	:/pe.ŋa.tam/ ''gazelle''
-	σσσσσ+
-	:/na.ʃa.tʰe.ma.tek/ ''face''

	===Stress===		===Stress===
Line 96:		Line 101:

	====/e/ tensing====		====/e/ tensing====
-	If /e/ is this final segment of a word group, it will be advanced and pronounced [i].	+	If /i/ is this final segment of a word group, every /e/ in the word group will be tensed to [i].
-	:/pʰa.va.ne/ → [pʰɒ.vɒ.ni] 'tooth'	+
-	:/ʒa.kʰe/ → [ʒɒ.kʰi] 'mist'	+	:/pavene/ → [pɒvɛnɛ] 'victory'
		+	:/pavene tʃ i/ → [pɒvinit͡ʃi] 'victorious'

-	Every /e/ in the word group will also become [i] also.	+	: /e fitʰi/ → [i fitʰi] 'hunts'
-	:/e fe.tʰe/ → [i fi.tʰi] 'hunts (3ps)'
-	:/e.t͡ʃe.ne/ → [i.t͡ʃi.ni] 'strong'

	====Vowel reduction====		====Vowel reduction====

Ienn

2012-05-16T18:20:40Z

Numbers:

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:20, May 16, 2012
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	\| style="text-align: center;"\|		\| style="text-align: center;"\|
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|		\| style="text-align: center;"\|
-	\| style="text-align: center;"\|k (k) g (g)	+	\| style="text-align: center;"\|k (k) g (gh)
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|		\| style="text-align: center;"\|
	\|-		\|-
Line 402:		Line 402:

	===Numbers===		===Numbers===
-	eqe, ketoa, drie, fore, froaz, six, siiben,	+	eqe, ketoa, drie, fore, froaz, six, siiben, oht, nik, eqess,
		+
		+	tess, tress
		+
		+	Ordinal: eqest, ketoaest, driest, forest, froaest, sixest, siibnest, ohtest, nikest, eqesst
		+
		+	Communal: equm, ketoaum, drium, forum, froazum, sixum, siibnum, ohtum, nikum, eqessum,

-	Sorszámnév: + 'oa
	===Questioning===		===Questioning===
	You have to use the question word qe in the begining of the phrase in yes-no questions. In other cases use just the question word.		You have to use the question word qe in the begining of the phrase in yes-no questions. In other cases use just the question word.

Nalnuàntir

2012-05-16T16:38:05Z

Stress:

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:38, May 16, 2012
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	\|		\|
	\| k g		\| k g
-	\|	+	\| ʔ
	\|-		\|-
	!Affricate		!Affricate
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	\|		\|
	\| j		\| j
		+	\|
		+	\|
		+	\|-
		+	!Trill
		+	\| ʙ
		+	\|
		+	\|
		+	\|
		+	\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
Line 162:		Line 171:
	===Stress===		===Stress===

-	Stress in Nalnuàntir is irregular. Many words are stressed on the penultimate, but there are numerous exceptions. Stress is phonemic, as can be seen in the minimal pair '''bròda''' ''fuu'' — '''brodà''' ''bar''.	+	Stress in Nalnuàntir is irregular. Stress is phonemic, as can be seen in the minimal pair '''bròda''' ''fuu'' — '''brodà''' ''bar''.
	In the romanization, stress is indicated by a `-accent above the stressed vowel.		In the romanization, stress is indicated by a `-accent above the stressed vowel.

Ienn

2012-05-16T10:56:48Z

Negation:

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:56, May 16, 2012
Line 451:		Line 451:
	If the last letter of the word is a, i, o, oa, u or y (so not e, or ii) then we simply have to add the ending. If the last letters of the world are double ''i'', then the second one will dissapear and the first vowel of the ending will form the last letter of the root end the ending will be added wothout its first vowel. If the last letter of the word is e and the first vowel of the ending is also e, then we add the ending without its first vowel. If the last letter of the root is e and the ending does not starts with e, then we simply have to add the ending.		If the last letter of the word is a, i, o, oa, u or y (so not e, or ii) then we simply have to add the ending. If the last letters of the world are double ''i'', then the second one will dissapear and the first vowel of the ending will form the last letter of the root end the ending will be added wothout its first vowel. If the last letter of the word is e and the first vowel of the ending is also e, then we add the ending without its first vowel. If the last letter of the root is e and the ending does not starts with e, then we simply have to add the ending.
	===Negation===		===Negation===
-	You have to add the ending -not or -ot to the end of the root.	+	You have to add the ending -not, or -ot to the end of the root. It is not a regular ending. Use -ot after vowels and not after consonants.

	Oa futnot.		Oa futnot.
		+
		+	You can start a phrase or a clause with the word Not. Then the negation concerns the verb.
		+
		+	Not ay no'e. = Ay noot'e.
		+
		+	Not oa no. = Oa noot.

	==Dictionary==		==Dictionary==

Taurahe

2012-05-16T07:57:33Z

Structure:

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:57, May 16, 2012
(3 intermediate revisions not shown)
Line 2:		Line 2:

	== Phonology ==		== Phonology ==
-	Taurahe has 4 vowels and 23 consonants.	+	Taurahe has 5 vowels and 19 consonants.

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
-	There are 4 phonemic vowels, /e u o a/.	+	There are 5 phonemic vowels, /i e u o a/.

	:{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"		:{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
Line 14:		Line 14:
	\|-		\|-
	!High		!High
-	\|e [ɪ]	+	\|i [i]
-	\|u [ʊ̈˞]	+	\|u [ɵ˞]
	\|o [ʊ]		\|o [ʊ]
	\|-		\|-
	!Low		!Low
-	\|	+	\|e [ɛ]
	\|		\|
	\|a [ɒ]		\|a [ɒ]
Line 35:		Line 35:
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan=2\| Nasal		! colspan=2\| Nasal
-	\| m [mˠ]	+	\| m [mʷ]
	\| n [n]		\| n [n]
	\| ɲ [ɲ]		\| ɲ [ɲ]
Line 41:		Line 41:
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
-	! rowspan=3\| Plosive \|\| Ejective	+	! rowspan=2\| Plosive \|\| Plain
-	\| p' [pʼ]
-	\| t' [tʼ]
-	\| tʃ' [t͡ʃʼ]
-	\| k' [kʼ]
-	\|
-	\|-
-	! Plain
	\| p [p]		\| p [p]
	\| t [t]		\| t [t]
Line 51:		Line 51:
	\| pʰ [pʰ]		\| pʰ [pʰ]
	\| tʰ [tʰ]		\| tʰ [tʰ]
-	\| rowspan=2 \| kʰ [kʰ]	+	\| rowspan=2 \| x [kʰ~x]
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
Line 64:		Line 64:
	\| z [ʐʷ]		\| z [ʐʷ]
	\| ʒ [ʒ]		\| ʒ [ʒ]
-	\| l [ɫ]	+	\| l [lʷ]
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
	<references />		<references />

-	=== Structure ===	+	=== Phonotactics ===
-	Phonemically, every syllable is composed of one consonant and one vowel (CV). Words can be any number of syllables.	+	Fundamentally, every syllable contains one consonant and one vowel. However, frequent vowel deletion results in a maximal syllable of CVCC, where the coda vowels are continuant and decrease in sonority. The sonority scale is nasals → voiced fricatives → voiceless fricatives.
		+
		+	:/pa.la.sa/ → /pals/ → [pɒlʷs] 'body hair'
		+	:/ka.ɲa.ɲa/ → /kaɲɲ/ → [kɒɲɲ] 'dog'
		+	:/ma.ɲa.ma/ → /maɲm/ → [mʷɒɲmʷ] 'eat'

	σ		σ
Line 77:		Line 77:
	:/mo/ ''greetings''		:/mo/ ''greetings''
	σσ		σσ
-	:/pa.pa/ ''droplet''	+	:/papa/ ''droplet''
-	:/fe.tʰe/ ''hunter''	+	:/fitʰi/ ''hunter''
-	:/kʰo.to/ ''kodo''	+	:/kʰoto/ ''kodo''
	σσσ		σσσ
-	:/k'u.su.tu/ ''deer''	+	:/kusutu/ ''deer''
-	:/fe.ʒe.za/ ''wild''	+	:/feʒeza/ ''wild''
	σσσσ		σσσσ
-	:/k'a.he.sa.tʰe/ ''rainstorm''	+	:/kahisatʰi/ ''rainstorm''
-	:/no.sa.tʰo.ka/ ''head''	+	:/nosatʰoka/ ''head''
	σσσσσ		σσσσσ
-	:/la.kʰo.ta.ma.ne/ ''earthquake''	+	:/lakʰotamani/ ''earthquake''
-
-	However, sometimes words will end in a syllable that ends in a consonant (CVC). This final C is silent.

	σ		σ
Line 94:		Line 94:
	σσ+		σσ+
	:/pu.hel/ ''grass''		:/pu.hel/ ''grass''
-	:/t͡ʃʼa.ŋav/ ''snack''	+	:/t͡ʃa.ŋav/ ''snack''
	:/ma.nas/ ''mana''		:/ma.nas/ ''mana''
	σσσ+		σσσ+

Nutavik

2012-05-16T00:56:08Z

Show changes

Nutavik

2012-05-16T00:33:11Z

Undo revision 71120 by 64.150.184.38 (talk)

User talk:Diensofa

2012-05-15T18:01:20Z

Created page with "Hello, this wiki has moved to [http://conlang.wikkii.com/wiki/Main_Page here] and this one is in disrepair and won't be kept under close guard. Please come and join us =) ~~~~"

New page

Hello, this wiki has moved to [http://conlang.wikkii.com/wiki/Main_Page here] and this one is in disrepair and won't be kept under close guard. Please come and join us =) '''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos|The Emperor Zelos]]''' 18:01, May 15, 2012 (UTC)

User talk:Wobuxihan

2012-05-15T18:01:17Z

Created page with "Hello, this wiki has moved to [http://conlang.wikkii.com/wiki/Main_Page here] and this one is in disrepair and won't be kept under close guard. Please come and join us =) ~~~~"

New page

Ienn

2012-05-15T17:53:50Z

Grammar:

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, May 15, 2012
(One intermediate revision not shown)
Line 270:		Line 270:
	Adjectives do not decline.		Adjectives do not decline.

		+	For comparative add -et to the end of the word.

		+	For superlative use article and add -at to the end of the word.

		+	mathus, mathuset, la mathusat

		+	poate, poatet, poateat

	===Verbs===		===Verbs===
Line 401:		Line 405:

	Sorszámnév: + 'oa		Sorszámnév: + 'oa
		+	===Questioning===
		+	You have to use the question word qe in the begining of the phrase in yes-no questions. In other cases use just the question word.
		+
		+	Qe te walk'a tu salt dolzan?
		+
		+
	===Endings===		===Endings===
	====Grammatical endings====		====Grammatical endings====
-	We can speak about regular grammatical endings (of plural, dual, accusative etc.), which always have two forms: C(C)(V) and VC(C)(V). If the last letter of the root is a consonant, then the ending will start with vowel and vice versa (exept for double ''i'' and in some cases, when the last vowel of the root is ''e''). Some more rules: if the last letters of the world are double ''i'', then the second one will change to e (as a part of the root) and the ending will connect withoout its vowel. If the last letter or letters are consonant(s) and the last vowel is ''e'', then the root will change; the ''e'' will go to end (still as part of the root) and the ending will be added without its vowel in case if you ''are able* to'' spell it;	+	We can say that grammatical endings (of plural, dual, accusative etc.) are regular. There are some pissible forms:

-	Possible letter changes on the way mentioned above (root without ending - root with ending):	+	The words, which ends in consonant, its last vowel is not e and the ending does not start with e; we simply have to add the longest form of the ending.

-	V+e+C+(C)+(C) -V+C(C)(C)e,	+	If the last letter or letters are consonant(s) and the last vowel is ''e'', then the root will change; the ''e'' will go to end (still as part of the root) and the ending will be added without its vowel in case if you ''are able* to'' spell it;

-	V+C<sup>voiced</sup>+e+C<sup>voiced </sup>- V+C<sup>voiced</sup>+C<sup>voiced</sup>+e

-	V+C<sup>unvoiced</sup>+e+(C<sup>unvoiced</sup>, l, m, n, r) - V+C<sup>unvoiced</sup>+(C<sup>unvoiced</sup>, l, m, n, r)+e

-	V+C<sup>voiced</sup>+C<sup>voiced</sup>+e+(r, l) - V+C<sup>voiced</sup>+C<sup>voiced</sup>+(r, l)+e	+	<p style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;">Possible letter changes if the last vowel</p>

-	V+C<sup>unvoiced</sup>+C<sup>unvoiced</sup>+e+(r, l) - V+C<sup>unvoiced</sup>+C<sup>unvoiced</sup>+(r, l)+e	+	VeC(C)(C) - VC(C)(C)e,

-	Example: '''noun''' + plural ''-(e)sse''	+	VC<sup>voiced</sup>eC<sup>voiced </sup>- VC<sup>voiced</sup>C<sup>voiced</sup>e
		+
		+	VC<sup>unvoiced</sup>e(C<sup>unvoiced</sup>, l, m, n, r) - VC<sup>unvoiced</sup>(C<sup>unvoiced</sup>, l, m, n, r)e
		+
		+	VC<sup>voiced</sup>C<sup>voiced</sup>e(r, l) - VC<sup>voiced</sup>C<sup>voiced</sup>(r, l)e
		+
		+	VC<sup>unvoiced</sup>C<sup>unvoiced</sup>e(r, l) - VC<sup>unvoiced</sup>C<sup>unvoiced</sup>(r, l)e
		+
		+
		+
		+	<p style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;">Example: '''noun''' + plural ''-(e)sse''</p>

	'''maus '''- '''maus'''''esse''		'''maus '''- '''maus'''''esse''
Line 425:		Line 433:
	'''''men''''' - '''''mne'''''sse		'''''men''''' - '''''mne'''''sse

-	(More examples will come soon...)	+
		+
		+
		+
		+
		+
		+	If the last letter of the word is a, i, o, oa, u or y (so not e, or ii) then we simply have to add the ending. If the last letters of the world are double ''i'', then the second one will dissapear and the first vowel of the ending will form the last letter of the root end the ending will be added wothout its first vowel. If the last letter of the word is e and the first vowel of the ending is also e, then we add the ending without its first vowel. If the last letter of the root is e and the ending does not starts with e, then we simply have to add the ending.
	===Negation===		===Negation===
	You have to add the ending -not or -ot to the end of the root.		You have to add the ending -not or -ot to the end of the root.

User:Diensofa

2012-05-15T06:16:04Z

New user account

User:Wobuxihan

2012-05-15T03:03:29Z

New user account

Owaex

2012-05-14T21:03:40Z

Created page with "{{private}} {{construction}} {{Progress |Phonology=100 |NounCases=100 |NounNumbers=100 |NounGender=100 |VerbPerson=100 |VerbNumber=100 |VerbAspect=100 |VerbTense=100 |VerbMood=10..."

New page

{{private}}
{{construction}}
{{Progress
|Phonology=100
|NounCases=100
|NounNumbers=100
|NounGender=100
|VerbPerson=100
|VerbNumber=100
|VerbAspect=100
|VerbTense=100
|VerbMood=100
|VerbVoice=100
|AdjCase=100
|AdjNumber=100
|AdjComparative=100
|AdjSuperlative=100
|Words=340
}}

Owaex is a conlang I made up, having a relitively small amount of rules, charaters, and words to deal with.

The basics are the characters:
*n
*h
*H (huffing sound; can be prononced like an h)
*t
*T (retroflex t)
*a (ah)
*u (oo)
*e (eh)
{{Conlang Info
|Name = Owaex
|Genders = 0
|Declined = no
|Conjugated = no
|NounCase = no
|NounNumber = yes
|NounDefinitiveness = no
|NounGender = no
|VerbVoice = no
|VerbMood = no
|VerbPerson = no
|VerbNumber = no
|VerbTense = no
|VerbAspect = no
}}
==General information==
{{agreement
|VerbGender =
|VerbCases =
|VerbNumber =
|VerbTenses =
|VerbPerson =
|VerbMoods =
|VerbVoices =
|VerbAspect =

|NounGender =
|NounCases =
|NounNumber = yes
|NounTenses =
|NounPerson =
|NounMoods =
|NounVoices =

|AdjectiveGender =
|AdjectiveCases =
|AdjectiveNumber =
|AdjectiveTenses =
|AdjectivePerson =
|AdjectiveMoods =
|AdjectiveVoices =

|NumberGender =
|NumberCases =
|NumberNumber =
|NumberTenses =
|NumberPerson =
|NumberMoods =
|NumberVoices =

|ParticipleGender =
|ParticipleCases =
|ParticipleNumber =
|ParticipleTenses =
|ParticiplePerson =
|ParticipleMoods =
|ParticipleVoices =

|PronounGender = yes
|PronounCases =
|PronounNumber = yes
|PronounTenses =
|PronounPerson = yes
|PronounMoods =
|PronounVoices =

|AdpositionGender =
|AdpositionCases =
|AdpositionNumber =
|AdpositionTenses =
|AdpositionPerson =
|AdpositionMoods =
|AdpositionVoices =

|ArticleGender =
|ArticleCases =
|ArticleNumber =
|ArticleTenses =
|ArticlePerson =
|ArticleMoods =
|ArticleVoices =

|ParticleGender =
|ParticleCases =
|ParticleNumber =
|ParticleTenses =
|ParticlePerson =
|ParticleMoods =
|ParticleVoices =
}}

I'm not an expert at IPA or understanding all the grammer, but, I do love to make languages.

==Phonology==
=== Consonants ===
The following are phonemic transcriptions of Rangyan consonants.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!colspan="2"|
!Bilabial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
!colspan="2"|Nasal
|
|n
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|Plosive
!plain
|
|t
|
|
|
|-
!aspirated
|
|t
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|Fricative
|
|s z2
|
|
|h
|-
!rowspan="2"|Affricate
!plain
|
|ts dz4
|
|
|
|-
!aspirated
|
|tsʰ4
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|Liquid
|
|ɾ~l5
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|Approximant
|w
|
|j
|
|
|}

# /ŋ/ appears only in the syllable coda.
# /s, z/ are palatalised [ɕ, ʑ] before /i, j/
# /h/ is palatalised [ç] before /i, j/; and is bilabialised [ɸ] before /u, w/
# /ts, dz, tsʰ/ are palatalised [tɕ, dʑ, tɕʰ] before /i, j/
# /ɾ/ is an alveolar flap [ɾ] in the syllable onset; and is [l] in the syllable coda.

===Vowels===
====Monophthongs====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
! width="28%"|
! width="24%"|Front
! width="24%"|Central
! width="24%"|Back
|-
!Close
|i1
|ʉ
|u2
|-
!Open-mid
|ɛ
|
|ɔ
|-
!Open
|a
|
|
|}

# /i/ is pronounced /ɪ/ before velar codas /ŋ, k̚/
# /u/ is /ʊ/ before velar codas /ŋ, k̚/

====Diphthongs====

In the Rangyan language, because semivowels /j/ and /w/ may follow consonants in initial position in a word, which no other consonant can do, and perhaps due also to yenmun orthography, which transcribes them as vowels, they are sometimes considered to be elements of diphthongs and triphthongs rather than separate consonant phonemes.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
! width="33%"|j-
! width="33%"|w-
! width="33%"| -i
|-
|ja
|wa
|aɪ
|-
|jɛ
|wɛ
|eɪ
|-
|jɔ
|
|ɔɪ
|-
|ju1
|
|uɪ~wi2
|}

# /ju/ is pronounced /jʊ/ before velar codas /ŋ, k̚/
# /uɪ/ is a falling diphthong [uɪ] after a consonant in an open syllable; and is a rising diphthong [wi] when it is a syllable of its own or in a closed syllable.

====Triphthongs====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:150px;"
! width="50%"|j-
! width="50%"|w-
|-
|jaɪ
|waɪ
|-
|jeɪ
|weɪ
|}

=== Positional allophones ===
Rangyan consonants have two principal positional allophones: initial and final. The initial form is found at the beginning of a syllable and the final form is found at the end of a syllable.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
! width="40%"|Phoneme
! width="15%"|p
! width="15%"|t
! width="15%"|k
! width="15%"|ɾ
|-
!Initial allophone
|p
|t
|k
|ɾ
|-
!Final allophone
|p̚
|t̚
|k̚
|l
|}
All plosives [p, t, k] are unreleased [p̚, t̚, k̚] at the end of a syllable. Final [ɾ] is a liquid [l].

=== Phonotactics ===
Rangyan syllable structure is maximally ''CgVC'', where the first ''C'' is the initial consonant; ''g'' is a semivowel glide /j/ or /w/; ''V'' is a vowel; the second ''C'' is a coda. Any consonant but /ŋ/ may occur initially, whereas only /m, n, ŋ, p, t, k, s, l/ may occur finally.

Below is the table of all syllable finals (''gVC'') in Rangyan.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:560px;"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Finals
! colspan="9"|Codas
|-
!(none)
!m
!n
!ŋ
!p
!t
!k
!s
!l
|-
! rowspan="6"|Monophthong nuclei
!a
|a
|am
|an
|aŋ
|ap
|at
|ak
|as
|al
|-
!ɛ
|ɛ
|ɛm
|ɛn
|ɛŋ
|ɛp
|ɛt
|ɛk
|ɛs
|ɛl
|-
!ɔ
|ɔ
|ɔm
|ɔn
|ɔŋ
|ɔp
|ɔt
|ɔk
|ɔs
|ɔl
|-
!u
|u
|um
|un
|ʊŋ
|up
|ut
|ʊk
|us
|ul
|-
!ʉ
|ʉ
|ʉm
|ʉn
|əŋ
|ʉp
|ʉt
|ək
|ʉs
|ʉl
|-
!i
|i
|im
|in
|ɪŋ
|ip
|it
|ɪk
|is
|il
|-
! rowspan="11"|Diphthong nuclei
!ja
|ja
|jam
|jan
|jaŋ
|jap
|jat
|jak
|jas
|jal
|-
!jɛ
|jɛ
|jɛm
|jɛn
|jɛŋ
|jɛp
|jɛt
|jɛk
|jɛs
|jɛl
|-
!jɔ
|jɔ
|jɔm
|jɔn
|jɔŋ
|jɔp
|jɔt
|jɔk
|jɔs
|jɔl
|-
!ju
|ju
|jum
|jun
|jʊŋ
|jup
|jut
|jʊk
|jus
|jul
|-
!wa
|wa
|
|wan
|waŋ
|
|wat
|wak
|was
|wal
|-
!wɛ
|wɛ
|
|wɛn
|wɛŋ
|
|wɛt
|wɛk
|wɛs
|wɛl
|-
!wi
|wi1
|wim
|win
|wɪŋ
|wip
|wit
|wɪk
|wis
|wil
|-
!aɪ
|aɪ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!eɪ
|eɪ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!ɔɪ
|ɔɪ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!uɪ
|uɪ2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4"|Triphthong nuclei
!jaɪ
|jaɪ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!jeɪ
|jeɪ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!waɪ
|waɪ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!weɪ
|weɪ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

# pronounced [wi] when it is a syllable of its own or before codas /n, t̚, s, l/; and pronounced [wɪ] before codas /ŋ, k̚/
# pronounced [uɪ] after an onset in an open syllable.

Additional finals /wam/, /wɛm/, /wap/, /wɛp/ can be found in foreign loanwords.

===Vowel harmony===
Traditionally, the Rangyan language has had strong vowel harmony; that is, in pre-modern Rangyan, not only did the inflectional and derivational affixes change in accordance to the main root vowel, but native words also adhered to vowel harmony. However, this rule is no longer observed strictly in modern Rangyan. In modern Rangyan, it is only applied in certain cases such as onomatopoeia and interjections.

There are three classes of vowels in Rangyan: positive, negative and neutral. The vowel classes loosely follow the vowel heights. Exchanging positive vowels with negative vowels usually creates different nuances of meaning, with positive vowels sounding fast, hot, dry, hard, solid, focused or aggressive, and negative vowels sounding slow, cold, wet, soft, insubstantial, diffuse or tranquil.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
! width="20%"|
!Monophthongs
!Diphthongs
!Triphthongs
|-
!Positive
|a, ɔ
|ja, wa, aɪ, jɔ, ɔɪ
|jaɪ, waɪ
|-
!Negative
|ɛ, u
|jɛ, wɛ, eɪ, ju, uɪ~wɪ
|jeɪ, weɪ
|-
!Neutral
|i, ʉ
|
|
|}

===Pitch accent===

Rangyan pitch accent can be presented with a two-pitch-level model. In this representation, each syllable is either high (H) or low (L) in pitch.

# If the accent is on the first syllable, then the first syllable is high-pitched and the others are low: HLL...
# If the accent is on a syllable other than the first, then the first syllable is low, the following syllables up to and including the accented one are high, and the rest are low: LHLL..., LHHLL..., LHHHLL...
# If the word does not have an accent, the first syllable is low and the others are high: LHH... This high pitch spreads to unaccented grammatical particles that attach to the end of the word, whereas these would have a low pitch when attached to an accented word.

Examples are given in the table below. The number before each pitch pattern tells you the syllable where the last high pitch is.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:400px;"
! width="25%" style="text-align:left"|Pitch pattern
! width="50%" style="text-align:left" colspan="2"|Sample word
! width="25%" style="text-align:left"|Meaning
|-
|(0) L'''HH'''...
|ki'''gomi'''
|
|I
|-
|(1) '''H'''LL...
|'''kho'''phi
|
|coffee
|-
|(2) L'''H'''LL...
|jin''''ai'''
|
|dust
|-
|(3) L'''HH'''LL...
|a'''sobe'''da
|
|he/she/it
|-
|(4) L'''HHH'''LL...
|a'''nerumi'''nun
|
|you
|}

User:Conlang

2012-05-14T20:10:06Z

New user account

Egueoguzai

2012-05-14T19:10:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:10, May 14, 2012
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	'''Egueoguzai '''(國語) is a Sinitic language spoken in eastern Siberia by descendents of settlers from the Han Empire following successful campaigns against the Xiongnu in the 2nd century BCE. It is a direct descendant of Old Chinese, of which it is closer to in lexicon than other Chinese dialects. So if spoken Egueoguzai is written using Chinese characters word for word, it would closely resemble Classical Chinese, the main written language of all of East Asia until the 19th and 20th centuries CE. Phonologically speaking, it is very divergent from Sinitic dialects in China. Old Chinese was a monosyllabic, nontonal language rich in features such as consonant clusters lost today in languages such as Mandarin and Cantonese. In such Sinitic languages, tones were developed to make up for the lost distinctions between previously nonhomophonous morphemes, but their development in themselves was not enough in preventing homophones from becoming a problem in Sinitic languages, so polymorphemic compound words were created to maintain phonological distinction between two different concepts. However in Egueoguzai, the monosyllabic words in Old Chinese became polysyllabic, so previously complex monosyllabic morphemes became increased in length due to processes such as the introduction of vowels where there previously was none between consonant clusters. For example, the cognate for "Egueoguzai" in written Chinese would be 國語 (national language), pronounced "guóyǔ" [kuɔ.jy] in Mandarin. However 國語 would have been [kʷˤək ŋaʔ] according to reconstructed Old Chinese pronunciation, the Egueoguzai pronunciation bearing more similarity to its cognate in Old Chinese than Mandarin's does to Old Chinese, albeit where there were two syllables, there now are four in Egueoguzai.{{Conlang Info	+	'''Egueoguzai '''(國語; /ɛkuəkuzaɪ/) is a Sinitic language spoken in eastern Siberia by descendents of settlers from the Han Empire following successful campaigns against the Xiongnu in the 2nd century BCE. It is a direct descendant of Old Chinese, of which it is closer to in lexicon than other Chinese dialects. So if spoken Egueoguzai is written using Chinese characters word for word, it would closely resemble Classical Chinese, the main written language of all of East Asia until the 19th and 20th centuries CE. Phonologically speaking, it is very divergent from Sinitic dialects in China. Old Chinese was a monosyllabic, nontonal language rich in features such as consonant clusters lost today in languages such as Mandarin and Cantonese. In such Sinitic languages, tones were developed to make up for the lost distinctions between previously nonhomophonous morphemes, but their development in themselves was not enough in preventing homophones from becoming a problem in Sinitic languages, so polymorphemic compound words were created to maintain phonological distinction between two different concepts. However in Egueoguzai, the monosyllabic words in Old Chinese became polysyllabic, so previously complex monosyllabic morphemes became increased in length due to processes such as the introduction of vowels where there previously was none between consonant clusters. For example, the cognate for "Egueoguzai" in written Chinese would be 國語 (national language), pronounced "guóyǔ" [kuɔ.jy] in Mandarin. However 國語 would have been [kʷˤək ŋaʔ] according to reconstructed Old Chinese pronunciation, the Egueoguzai pronunciation bearing more similarity to its cognate in Old Chinese than Mandarin's does to Old Chinese, albeit where there were two syllables, there now are four in Egueoguzai.{{Conlang Info
	\|Name = Egueoguzai		\|Name = Egueoguzai
	\|Type = Analytic		\|Type = Analytic

Umbrean Lessons/21 Conjunctions

2012-05-14T19:01:28Z

Show changes

User:117.241.242.27

2012-05-14T15:13:37Z

blocked [[117.241.242.27 (Talk)]] with an expiry time of 1 year (anonymous users only, account creation disabled)

Syon

2012-05-14T09:14:49Z

Created page with " ==Setting==  ==Phonology== ===Consonants=== {|width="80%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding=..."

New page

==Setting==


==Phonology==
===Consonants===

{|width="80%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" style="text-align:center; margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse"
|-bgcolor="#eeeeee"
!scope="col" colspan=2 width="100px" |
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Bilabial
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Labiode.
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Dental
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Alveol.
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Postalve.
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Retrofl.
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Palatal
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Velar
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Uvular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Pharyn.
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Epiglot.
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Glottal
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Plosives
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="3"|
|colspan="3"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Affricates
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Fricatives
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Lateral Fricatives
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Lateral Affricates
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Nasals
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Trills
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="6"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Flaps / taps
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="6"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
! rowspan=3 | Glides
!scope="row"|Approxim.
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="6"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|Lateral Appr.
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|Co-art. approx.
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|}

===Vowels===

{|class=wikitable border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 700px; height: 171px;"
! scope="row"|
! scope="col" colspan=2|Front
! scope="col" colspan=2|Near front
! scope="col" colspan=2|Central
! scope="col" colspan=2|Near back
! scope="col" colspan=2|Back
|-
! scope="row"|Close
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
|-
! scope="row"|Near-close
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
|-
! scope="row"|Close-mid
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
|-
! scope="row"|Mid
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
|-
! scope="row"|Open-mid
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
|-
! scope="row"|Near-open
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
| colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"|
|-
! scope="row"|Open
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;"|
|}


===Phonotactics===


==Basic Grammar==


==Dictionary==

{{Swadesh
|language=
|nativename=
|I=
|you (singular)=
|he=
|we=
|you (plural)=
|they=
|this=
|that=
|here=
|there=
|who=
|what=
|where=
|when=
|how=
|not=
|all=
|many=
|some=
|few=
|other=
|one=
|two=
|three=
|four=
|five=
|big=
|long=
|wide=
|thick=
|heavy=
|small=
|short=
|narrow=
|thin=
|woman=
|man (adult male)=
|Man (human being)=
|child=
|wife=
|husband=
|mother=
|father=
|animal=
|fish=
|bird=
|dog=
|louse=
|snake=
|worm=
|tree=
|forest=
|stick=
|fruit=
|seed=
|leaf=
|root=
|bark=
|flower=
|grass=
|rope=
|skin=
|meat=
|blood=
|bone=
|fat (n.)=
|egg=
|horn=
|tail=
|feather=
|hair=
|head=
|ear=
|eye=
|nose=
|mouth=
|tooth=
|tongue=
|fingernail=
|foot=
|leg=
|knee=
|hand=
|wing=
|belly=
|guts=
|neck=
|back=
|breast=
|heart=
|liver=
|drink=
|eat=
|bite=
|suck=
|spit=
|vomit=
|blow=
|breathe=
|laugh=
|see=
|hear=
|know=
|think=
|smell=
|fear=
|sleep=
|live=
|die=
|kill=
|fight=
|hunt=
|hit=
|cut=
|split=
|stab=
|scratch=
|dig=
|swim=
|fly (v.)=
|walk=
|come=
|lie=
|sit=
|stand=
|turn=
|fall=
|give=
|hold=
|squeeze=
|rub=
|wash=
|wipe=
|pull=
|push=
|throw=
|tie=
|sew=
|count=
|say=
|sing=
|play=
|float=
|flow=
|freeze=
|swell=
|sun=
|moon=
|star=
|water=
|rain=
|river=
|lake=
|sea=
|salt=
|stone=
|sand=
|dust=
|earth=
|cloud=
|fog=
|sky=
|wind=
|snow=
|ice=
|smoke=
|fire=
|ashes=
|burn=
|road=
|mountain=
|red=
|green=
|yellow=
|white=
|black=
|night=
|day=
|year=
|warm=
|cold=
|full=
|new=
|old=
|good=
|bad=
|rotten=
|dirty=
|straight=
|round=
|sharp=
|dull=
|smooth=
|wet=
|dry=
|correct=
|near=
|far=
|right=
|left=
|at=
|in=
|with=
|and=
|if=
|because=
|name=}}

==Example text==

{{Swadesh}}


[[Category:Languages]]

Ienn

2012-05-14T08:13:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:13, May 14, 2012
Line 126:		Line 126:

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
-	a, b, c [t͡s], d, e, f, g [d͡ʒ], h, i, j [d͡z], k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w [v], x [ks], y [i] or [j], z [ʒ]	+	a, b, c [t͡s], d, e, f, g [d͡ʒ], h, i, j [d͡z], k, l, m, n, o, p, q [kv], r, s, t, u, v, w [v], x [ks], y [i] or [j], z [ʒ]

-	Letters not followed by bracket are pronounced as the corresponding IPA symbols. Letter combinations: ii - [i:]; oa - [ø]; zh [z]?. Oa and zh are called in Ienn double letters, because they act grammatically like one letter, while ii is called letter combination, and act like two letters.	+	Letters not followed by bracket are pronounced as the corresponding IPA symbols. Letter combinations: gh [g]; ii - [i:]; oa - [ø]; zh [z]. Gh, oa and zh are called in Ienn double letters, because they act grammatically like one letter, while ii is called letter combination, and act like two letters.

-	q is not used except for in loan word and place names	+	q is always pronounced as [kv]

	x is always pronounced as [ks]		x is always pronounced as [ks]
Line 165:		Line 165:
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|		\| style="text-align: center;"\|
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|		\| style="text-align: center;"\|
-	\| style="text-align: center;"\|k (k)	+	\| style="text-align: center;"\|k (k) g (g)
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|		\| style="text-align: center;"\|
	\|-		\|-
Line 171:		Line 171:
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|		\| style="text-align: center;"\|
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|f (f) v (v, w)		\| style="text-align: center;"\|f (f) v (v, w)
-	\| style="text-align: center;"\|s (s) z (zh)?	+	\| style="text-align: center;"\|s (s) z (zh)
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|ʒ (z)		\| style="text-align: center;"\|ʒ (z)
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|		\| style="text-align: center;"\|
Line 248:		Line 248:

	====Indefinite====		====Indefinite====
-	The indefinite article is ...	+	The indefinite article is ''leqe''. Do not use in plural.


Line 397:		Line 397:


		+	===Numbers===
		+	eqe, ketoa, drie, fore, froaz, six, siiben,
		+
		+	Sorszámnév: + 'oa
	===Endings===		===Endings===
	====Grammatical endings====		====Grammatical endings====
Line 419:		Line 423:
	'''sii''' - '''sie'''''sse''		'''sii''' - '''sie'''''sse''

-	'''''men''''''' - '''''mne'''''sse	+	'''''men''''' - '''''mne'''''sse

	(More examples will come soon...)		(More examples will come soon...)
		+	===Negation===
		+	You have to add the ending -not or -ot to the end of the root.
		+
		+	Oa futnot.

	==Dictionary==		==Dictionary==

Egueoguzai

2012-05-14T07:52:42Z

Dictionary:

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:52, May 14, 2012
(3 intermediate revisions not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	'''Graguthaavi '''(國語; /krə.ku.ða.vi/) is a Sinitic language spoken in eastern Siberia by descendents of settlers from the Han Empire following successful campaigns against the Xiongnu in the 2nd century BCE. It is a direct descendant of Old Chinese, of which it is closer to in lexicon than other Chinese dialects. So if spoken Graguthaavi is written using Chinese characters word for word, it would closely resemble Classical Chinese, the main written language of all of East Asia until the 19th and 20th centuries CE. Phonologically speaking, it is very divergent from Sinitic dialects in China. Old Chinese was a monosyllabic, nontonal language rich in features such as consonant clusters lost today in languages such as Mandarin and Cantonese. In such Sinitic languages, tones were developed to make up for the lost distinctions between previously nonhomophonous morphemes, but their development in themselves was not enough in preventing homophones from becoming a problem in Sinitic languages, so polymorphemic compound words were created to maintain phonological distinction between two different concepts. However in Graguthaavi, the monosyllabic words in Old Chinese became polysyllabic, so previously complex monosyllabic morphemes became increased in length due to processes such as the introduction of vowels where there previously was none between consonant clusters. For example, the cognate for "Graguthaavi" [krə.ku.ða.vi] in written Chinese would be 國語 (national language), pronounced "guóyǔ" [kuɔ.jy] in Mandarin. However 國語 would have been [kʷˤək ŋaʔ] according to reconstructed Old Chinese pronunciation, Graguthaavi bearing more similarity to its cognate in Old Chinese than Mandarin to Old Chinese, albeit where there were two syllables, there now are four in Graguthaavi.{{Conlang Info	+	'''Egueoguzai '''(國語) is a Sinitic language spoken in eastern Siberia by descendents of settlers from the Han Empire following successful campaigns against the Xiongnu in the 2nd century BCE. It is a direct descendant of Old Chinese, of which it is closer to in lexicon than other Chinese dialects. So if spoken Egueoguzai is written using Chinese characters word for word, it would closely resemble Classical Chinese, the main written language of all of East Asia until the 19th and 20th centuries CE. Phonologically speaking, it is very divergent from Sinitic dialects in China. Old Chinese was a monosyllabic, nontonal language rich in features such as consonant clusters lost today in languages such as Mandarin and Cantonese. In such Sinitic languages, tones were developed to make up for the lost distinctions between previously nonhomophonous morphemes, but their development in themselves was not enough in preventing homophones from becoming a problem in Sinitic languages, so polymorphemic compound words were created to maintain phonological distinction between two different concepts. However in Egueoguzai, the monosyllabic words in Old Chinese became polysyllabic, so previously complex monosyllabic morphemes became increased in length due to processes such as the introduction of vowels where there previously was none between consonant clusters. For example, the cognate for "Egueoguzai" in written Chinese would be 國語 (national language), pronounced "guóyǔ" [kuɔ.jy] in Mandarin. However 國語 would have been [kʷˤək ŋaʔ] according to reconstructed Old Chinese pronunciation, the Egueoguzai pronunciation bearing more similarity to its cognate in Old Chinese than Mandarin's does to Old Chinese, albeit where there were two syllables, there now are four in Egueoguzai.{{Conlang Info
-	\|Name = Graguthaavi	+	\|Name = Egueoguzai
	\|Type = Analytic		\|Type = Analytic
	\|Alignment =		\|Alignment =
Line 428:		Line 428:
	<!-- Give a list or link to a page with a list with words and their definitions (or words translated from English). It is suggested that phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before going on to this or you may risk making the words too similar to those of your native language. Just a heads up. Also, the Contionary wiki is a conlang dictionary that might be of interest to you: http://conlangdictionary.wikia.com/wiki/Contionary_Wiki -->		<!-- Give a list or link to a page with a list with words and their definitions (or words translated from English). It is suggested that phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before going on to this or you may risk making the words too similar to those of your native language. Just a heads up. Also, the Contionary wiki is a conlang dictionary that might be of interest to you: http://conlangdictionary.wikia.com/wiki/Contionary_Wiki -->
	{{Swadesh		{{Swadesh
-	\|language=Graguthaavi	+	\|language=Egueoguzai
	\|nativename=		\|nativename=
	\|I=aza		\|I=aza
Line 450:		Line 450:
	\|some=geoji		\|some=geoji
	\|few=sadefi		\|few=sadefi
-	\|other=alaje	+	\|other=alave
	\|one=yido		\|one=yido
	\|two=najis		\|two=najis
	\|three=solum		\|three=solum
-	\|four=seolives	+	\|four=seolivus
	\|five=azai		\|five=azai
	\|big=alades		\|big=alades
Line 486:		Line 486:
	\|leaf=labe		\|leaf=labe
	\|root=egeon		\|root=egeon
-	\|bark=omogameobaja	+	\|bark=omogameobava
	\|flower=achuela		\|flower=achuela
	\|grass=utsui		\|grass=utsui
	\|rope=geoleoz		\|rope=geoleoz
-	\|skin=meobaja	+	\|skin=meobava
	\|meat=geonuge		\|meat=geonuge
	\|blood=imiga		\|blood=imiga
	\|bone=ugudu		\|bone=ugudu
		+	\|fat=givu
	\|egg=ogulori		\|egg=ogulori
	\|horn=ogulogu		\|horn=ogulogu
-	\|tail=meji	+	\|tail=mevi
	\|feather=guai		\|feather=guai
	\|hair=gamafa		\|hair=gamafa

Graguthaavi

2012-05-14T07:23:13Z

moved [[Graguthaavi]] to [[Egueoguzai]] changed phonology

Graguthaavi

2012-05-14T06:19:04Z

Dictionary:

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:19, May 14, 2012
Line 433:		Line 433:
	\|you (singular)=nei		\|you (singular)=nei
	\|he=geo		\|he=geo
-	\|we=azaedeoz	+	\|we=aza'edeoz
-	\|you (plural)=neiedeoz	+	\|you (plural)=nei'edeoz
-	\|they=geoedeoz	+	\|they=geo'edeoz
	\|this=tsei		\|this=tsei
	\|that=bejai		\|that=bejai
-	\|here=tsei	+	\|here=tseideochais
-	\|there=bejai	+	\|there=bejaideochais
-	\|who=agajuniz	+	\|who=agavuniz
-	\|what=agaju	+	\|what=agavu
-	\|where=agajudeochais	+	\|where=agavudeochais
-	\|when=agajudeo	+	\|when=agavudeo
-	\|how=naagaju	+	\|how=naagavu
	\|not=beo		\|not=beo
	\|all=da		\|all=da
-	\|many=dalaje	+	\|many=dalave
	\|some=geoji		\|some=geoji
	\|few=sadefi		\|few=sadefi
Line 454:		Line 454:
	\|two=najis		\|two=najis
	\|three=solum		\|three=solum
-	\|four=seolijes	+	\|four=seolives
	\|five=azai		\|five=azai
	\|big=alades		\|big=alades
Line 477:		Line 477:
	\|dog=ekueni		\|dog=ekueni
	\|louse=salido		\|louse=salido
-	\|snake=eolaje	+	\|snake=eolave
	\|worm=loluz		\|worm=loluz
	\|tree=omoga		\|tree=omoga
Line 498:		Line 498:
	\|tail=meji		\|tail=meji
	\|feather=guai		\|feather=guai
-	\|hair=gamava	+	\|hair=gamafa
	\|head=lui		\|head=lui
	\|ear=geoneoi		\|ear=geoneoi
Line 506:		Line 506:
	\|tooth=magela		\|tooth=magela
	\|tongue=meolade		\|tongue=meolade
-	\|fingernail=meogijuiagelabu	+	\|fingernail=meogivi'agelabu
	\|foot=dsogo		\|foot=dsogo
	\|leg=gagu		\|leg=gagu

Graguthaavi

2012-05-14T03:02:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:02, May 14, 2012
Line 430:		Line 430:
	\|language=Graguthaavi		\|language=Graguthaavi
	\|nativename=		\|nativename=
-	\|I=thia	+	\|I=aza
-	\|you (singular)=nevi	+	\|you (singular)=nei
-	\|he=ga	+	\|he=geo
-	\|we=thiadiathe	+	\|we=azaedeoz
-	\|you (plural)=nevidiathe	+	\|you (plural)=neiedeoz
-	\|they=gadiathe	+	\|they=geoedeoz
-	\|this=tsevi	+	\|this=tsei
-	\|that=baajaavu	+	\|that=bejai
-	\|here=tsevi	+	\|here=tsei
-	\|there=baajaavu	+	\|there=bejai
-	\|who=ghiaajunithi	+	\|who=agajuniz
-	\|what=ghiaaju	+	\|what=agaju
-	\|where=ghiaajutachaavi	+	\|where=agajudeochais
-	\|when=ghiaajuda	+	\|when=agajudeo
-	\|how=naaghiaaju	+	\|how=naagaju
-	\|not=ba	+	\|not=beo
-	\|all=daa	+	\|all=da
-	\|many=daliaaji	+	\|many=dalaje
-	\|some=gajuvu	+	\|some=geoji
-	\|few=satefivu	+	\|few=sadefi
-	\|other=liaaji	+	\|other=alaje
-	\|one=vitaa	+	\|one=yido
-	\|two=nijis	+	\|two=najis
-	\|three=sorum	+	\|three=solum
-	\|four=selijis	+	\|four=seolijes
-	\|five=thiaavi	+	\|five=azai
-	\|big=liaatis	+	\|big=alades
-	\|long=diaathi	+	\|long=adaz
-	\|wide=kraan	+	\|wide=akuan
-	\|thick=ghiovu	+	\|thick=oghoi
-	\|heavy=dulothivi	+	\|heavy=dulozi
-	\|small=sefivu	+	\|small=sefi
-	\|short=diorivi	+	\|short=odori
-	\|narrow=khialikus	+	\|narrow=ijaligos
-	\|thin=bhiaka	+	\|thin=abaga
-	\|woman=nilavi	+	\|woman=nelai
-	\|man (adult male)=baa	+	\|man (adult male)=ba
-	\|child=the	+	\|child=ze
-	\|wife=mabathaa	+	\|wife=meobeoi
-	\|husband=dhilaathivubaa	+	\|husband=delaziba
-	\|mother=mavaa	+	\|mother=meoi
-	\|father=baavaa	+	\|father=bai
-	\|animal=sadus	+	\|animal=seodus
-	\|fish=thijaa	+	\|fish=zeja
-	\|bird=dseviku	+	\|bird=dsefok
-	\|dog=krenuvu	+	\|dog=ekueni
-	\|louse=sariti	+	\|louse=salido
-	\|snake=alaaji	+	\|snake=eolaje
-	\|worm=loluthi	+	\|worm=loluz
-	\|tree=mioka	+	\|tree=omoga
-	\|forest=kaalam	+	\|forest=galeom
-	\|stick=ga	+	\|stick=geo
-	\|fruit=giorivi	+	\|fruit=ogori
-	\|seed=gadothivi	+	\|seed=geodozi
-	\|leaf=laapi	+	\|leaf=labe
-	\|root=gian	+	\|root=egeon
-	\|bark=	+	\|bark=omogameobaja
-	\|flower=	+	\|flower=achuela
-	\|grass=	+	\|grass=utsui
-	\|rope=	+	\|rope=geoleoz
-	\|skin=	+	\|skin=meobaja
-	\|meat=	+	\|meat=geonuge
-	\|blood=	+	\|blood=imiga
-	\|bone=	+	\|bone=ugudu
-	\|egg=	+	\|egg=ogulori
-	\|horn=	+	\|horn=ogulogu
-	\|tail=	+	\|tail=meji
-	\|feather=	+	\|feather=guai
-	\|hair=	+	\|hair=gamava
-	\|head=	+	\|head=lui
-	\|ear=	+	\|ear=geoneoi
-	\|eye=	+	\|eye=geomuga
-	\|nose=	+	\|nose=meobidas
-	\|mouth=	+	\|mouth=okoi
-	\|tooth=	+	\|tooth=magela
-	\|tongue=	+	\|tongue=meolade
-	\|fingernail=	+	\|fingernail=meogijuiagelabu
-	\|foot=	+	\|foot=dsogo
-	\|leg=	+	\|leg=gagu
-	\|knee=	+	\|knee=seodsigo
-	\|hand=	+	\|hand=nui
-	\|wing=	+	\|wing=seokes
-	\|belly=	+	\|belly=adai
-	\|guts=	+	\|guts=lelaz
-	\|neck=	+	\|neck=meogez
-	\|back=	+	\|back=ebeogas
-	\|breast=	+	\|breast=jeoz
-	\|heart=	+	\|heart=seom
-	\|liver=	+	\|liver=sagar
-	\|drink=	+	\|drink=jeom
-	\|eat=	+	\|eat=meoleoge
	\|bite=		\|bite=
	\|suck=		\|suck=
Line 632:		Line 632:
	\|if=		\|if=
	\|because=		\|because=
-	\|name=\|man (human being) = nithi}}	+	\|name=\|man (human being) = niz\|fat = giju}}

	==Example text==		==Example text==

Nalnuàntir

2012-05-13T22:32:13Z

Valency Modfiers:

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:32, May 13, 2012
Line 460:		Line 460:
	====Valency Modfiers====		====Valency Modfiers====

-	It is possible to change the number of arguments a verb takes, using one of the valency modifiers. The resulting verb will usually have slightly different semantics (as in (n)).	+	It is possible to change the number of arguments a verb takes, using one of the valency modifiers. The resulting verb will usually have (slightly) different semantics (as in (n)).

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|- class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align: center;" align="center"		\|- class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align: center;" align="center"
	!		!
-	! Suffix	+	! Affix
-	! Example	+	! Gloss
	\|-		\|-
-	! Augment by one	+	! Remove A
-	\| align="center" \| -suffix	+	\| align="center" \|
-	\| align="center" \| broda-suf	+	\| align="center" \| -A
	\|-		\|-
-	! Reduce by one	+	! Remove P
-	\| align="center" \| etc	+	\| align="center" \|
		+	\| align="center" \| -P
		+	\|-
		+	! Remove F
	\| align="center" \|		\| align="center" \|
		+	\| align="center" \| -F
	\|-		\|-
-	! Reduce to zero	+	! Remove AP
	\| align="center" \|		\| align="center" \|
		+	\| align="center" \| -AP
		+	\|-
		+	! Remove AF
	\| align="center" \|		\| align="center" \|
		+	\| align="center" \| -AF
		+	\|-
		+	! Remove PF
		+	\| align="center" \| bè-
		+	\| align="center" \| -PF
		+	\|-
		+	! Remove all
		+	\| align="center" \| -n
		+	\| align="center" \| 0
	\|}		\|}
		+
		+

	(1a) [ce/ao]		(1a) [ce/ao]
Line 487:		Line 502:
	to exist ''(valency of 1 «P exists»)''		to exist ''(valency of 1 «P exists»)''

-	The reduction to zero with '''suffix''' is in some ways comparable to an infinitive or gerund. Its uses may differ in some cases, however.	+	The reduction to zero with '''prefix''' is in some ways comparable to an infinitive or gerund. Its uses may differ in some cases, however.


-	kem lan-PF-me jë ~ a generous man	+	These affixes can be used to derive a rich vocabulary:

-	lan-A	+	(2a) bèlan
		+	give.-PF
		+	"to be generous"

		+	Additionally, these can easily be turned into adjectives:

-	em-/m- = prefix, valency becomes zero. turn verbs into nouns.	+	(2b) kem bèlanme jë
		+	man give.-PF.ish a
		+	"a generous man"

-	[bè-] = prefix, -PF	+	lan-AF ~ a gift, a talent
		+	lan-P ~ to provide for somebody
		+
		+	em-/m- = prefix, valency becomes zero. turn verbs into nouns.

	===Postpositions===		===Postpositions===

User talk:Jimbo4567

2012-05-13T19:31:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:31, May 13, 2012
Line 7:		Line 7:

	You may also visit [[w:c:ConlangDictionary:Contionary_Wiki\|Contionary]] for ideas for words		You may also visit [[w:c:ConlangDictionary:Contionary_Wiki\|Contionary]] for ideas for words
		+
		+	Hello, I would like to inform you that this wiki has moved to [http://conlang.wikkii.com here] <font color="purple">'''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos\|The Emperor Zelos]]'''</font> 19:31, May 13, 2012 (UTC)

User talk:Potoziano

2012-05-13T19:31:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:31, May 13, 2012
Line 4:		Line 4:
	\| This is the Conlang Wikia but it has been moved to [http://conlang.wikkii.com/wiki/Main_Page this wiki].		\| This is the Conlang Wikia but it has been moved to [http://conlang.wikkii.com/wiki/Main_Page this wiki].
	\|}		\|}
		+
		+	Hello, I would like to inform you that this wiki has moved to [http://conlang.wikkii.com here] <font color="purple">'''[[User Talk:EmperorZelos\|The Emperor Zelos]]'''</font> 19:31, May 13, 2012 (UTC)

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:33, May 16, 2012
Line 157:		Line 157:
	==Orthography==		==Orthography==
	Nuutavik originally had its own script but nowadays is written in the Latin alphabet. Its alphabet is entirely transparent and manages to avoid the use of diacritics. The following tables show the spelling of each consonant and each oral and nasal vowel. As can be observed, nasal vowels are written by adding a following <n> to the symbol for the corresponding oral vowel. There is no ambiguity caused by this, as the consonant /n/ never occurs in the syllable coda. The phoneme /w/ is spelled as <v> when realized with the [v] allophone, and the phoneme /ɾ/ is likewise spelled as <l> when realized with the [l] allophone.		Nuutavik originally had its own script but nowadays is written in the Latin alphabet. Its alphabet is entirely transparent and manages to avoid the use of diacritics. The following tables show the spelling of each consonant and each oral and nasal vowel. As can be observed, nasal vowels are written by adding a following <n> to the symbol for the corresponding oral vowel. There is no ambiguity caused by this, as the consonant /n/ never occurs in the syllable coda. The phoneme /w/ is spelled as <v> when realized with the [v] allophone, and the phoneme /ɾ/ is likewise spelled as <l> when realized with the [l] allophone.
-	{\| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table" style="width: 0px; height: 0px;"	+	{\| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table" style="width: 600px; height: 0px;"
	\|+Consonants		\|+Consonants
	\|'''Consonant:'''		\|'''Consonant:'''
Line 195:		Line 195:
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|zh		\| style="text-align: center;"\|zh
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|z		\| style="text-align: center;"\|z
-	\| style="text-align: center;"\|gh	+	\| style="text-align: center;"\|ghw~v
-	\| style="text-align: center;"\|w~v	+	\| style="text-align: center;"\|
-	\| style="text-align: center;"\|rr	+	\| style="text-align: center;"\|
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|m		\| style="text-align: center;"\|m
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|n		\| style="text-align: center;"\|n
-	\| style="text-align: center;"\|g	+	\| style="text-align: center;"\|
	\| style="text-align: center;"\|r~l		\| style="text-align: center;"\|r~l
	\|}		\|}