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Name: Umbrean

Type: Fusional

Alignment: Tripartite

Head Direction: Final

Number of genders: 4

Declensions: Yes

Conjugations: Yes

Nouns declined
according to
Case Number
Definitiveness Gender
Verbs conjugated
according to
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect


Setting

Umbrean is spoken in The Union of Confederated Umbrean Republican States, aka UCURS or Umbrean Confederacy, but is one of the major languages on Oyabizna. It is set in a steampunk fantasy world.

General Information

Umbrean is a verb based language, i.e. there are no adjectives and almost all other words are derived from their closest related verb, though some are stand alone nouns (but they are rare). The sentence structure of Umbrean is SOV, it is an agglutinating and isolating language in which both shift depending on what category of things one deals with, but it is consistent in that Category.


Gender Cases Numbers Tenses Persons Moods Voices Aspects
Verb No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Nouns Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Adjectives Yes No Yes No No No No No
Numbers Yes No No No No No No No
Participles Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No
Adverb No No No No No No No No
Pronouns No Yes Yes No Yes No No No
Adpositions No No No No No No No No
Article No No No No No No No No
Particle No No No No No No No No


Word order

Umbrean is a SOV language

Subject Postpositional Direct Object Supine Verb

Phonology

Single Letters

Umbrean alphabets sounds like this.

Romanized Alphabet

ABČÇDEFGǦHIJKLMNŊÑOPRSŠŞTUVYZŽÜËÖ
abčçdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsšştuvyzžüëö
 

Consonants

Vowels

Pronunciation of Umbrean Alphabet

Front Near front Central Near back Back
Close i (i) y (y) ɨ (i) ʉ (u) u (ü)
Near-close e (e)
Close-mid ɛ (ë) ɵ (ö) o (o)
Mid
Open-mid ɛ (ë) œ (ö) o (ɔ)
Near-open
Open a (a) ɑ (a) ɒ(a)

Length: The length of a vowel is shown by the amount, two identical vowels next to each other indicate a long vowel unless colliding with diphthongs in which it takes presidence over the length

Diphthongs

Phonotactics

Possible syllables, note that the consonants in front of the vowel and behind it, are independent.

Syllable Structure
General
C C V C C
Possible
Initial Vowel Final
Consonant Vowel Consonant
Nasal Unvoiced
Affricative
Vowel Nasal Nasal
Nasal Fricative Vowel Affricative Nasal
Nasal Nasal Vowel Plosive Fricative
Nasal Plosive Vowel Plosive Plosive
Affricative Nasal Vowel Fricative Fricative
Voiced
Plosive
Nasal Vowel Fricative Nasal
Plosive Fricative Vowel
Plosive Plosive Vowel
Fricative Fricative Vowel
Fricative Plosive Vowel

Stress

Stress is regular and follows this rule

Ultima - unless the word ends with a vowel in which case it is penult.

Basic Grammar

Verbs

Notice, tables here and on Contionary may differ and in such an event go by those on Contionary and please copy them over here as they are more frequently updated to changes than these are, spellings of words are the same.

Verbal structure, bold isn't always present:

Verb-Tempus-Person


Voices

Voices are modified through cases

Name Position Usage
Agent Patient Postposition
Active Ergative Accusative Dative Standard
Anti-Passive Intransitive - - Focus on the Agent
Passive - Intransitive - Focus on Patient
Applicative Voice - - Ergative + Postposition root Focus on postposition
Middle Voice Reflexive
  • To indicate it was done to, by them/itself
  • That an event occures to the object for no reason or seemingly so.
  • The true subject is unknown


Transitivity

A verbs transitivity can be altered through suffixes prior to the tempus' suffix


Verb Agreement

Magical

Living

Artificial

Artificial (-ev)

Non-Moving

Non-Moving (-ov)


tInfinitive

Denotes the action as a noun.

Gender
Magical Living Artificial Non-moving
Case Erg -as -öšš -ŋy -ios
Acc -miin -amöss -ym -iom
Int -ëñ -ënö -nvly -ñü
Dat -mna -nööm -yŋii -blo
Ref -pje -öpp -ööǧi -üüž

Gerund

Gerund form of a verb is used to form noun phrases and changes according to tense

Participles

Participles come in 2 shapes all get the endings added from the list below to turn them from the verb form but differ slightly.

  1. Attributive: Gains the adjectival participles suffix and is then declined like an adjectve (The Verbing Noun, The burning car)
  2. Substantive: Gains the noun participles suffix but is then also added noun declension to match their position as a noun (The one who verbed, The one who ate)
    1. Must take the gender of what it replaces or is thought to replace.
Voices
Active Passive Middle
Past Present Future Past Present Future Present
Perfective Inceptive Continuative Genericative Terminative Retrospective Perfective Continueative Terminative Perfective
Continuative
Attribute
Substantive Living
Artificial
Magical
Non-Moving
Relative Participle
Voices
Anti-
Passive
Passive Applicative
Past Present Future Past Present Future Past Present Future
Pos Perfective
Retrospective
Pausative
Inceptive
Continuative
Terminative
Genericative
Neg Perfective
Retrospective
Pausative
Inceptive
Continuative
Terminative
Genericative

Supine

A supine is formed by adding ending which depends on the verb class and treat the nouns around as part of it, keeping SOV structure and so on.

Verb forms

Passive
Living Artificial Non-moving Magical
Gerundive -tji -zan -pin -amm
Supine -ivvu -ansy -nü -gva
Abilitative -zin -inm -öbld -dma
Permissative -tju -vzy -fi -vvlës
Possabilitative -chon -gööpi -affi -së
Advisabilitative -zhiin -tjoodd -sun -mi
Prohobitative -gni -khii -pjikn -omn
Hypothetical -mi -pjöss -tjii -nta
Potensial/Optative -zoom -ööf -tjyy -djöz
Dubative -uff -ökh -zöö -tyym
Conditional -tlözh -eef -kny -sevv

All of these transforms the verb into an adjective like form which can also be used as nouns with copulas and is used for modality.

  • Gerundive: Marks that the noun it modifies is needs or ought to be the object of the verb
  • Abilative: Marks that the noun it modifies is can or is able to be the object of the verb
  • Permissative: Marks that the noun it modifies has the permission to be the object of the verb
  • Possabilitative: Marks that the noun it modifies is possibly the object of the verb
  • Advisabilitative: Marks that the noun it modifies is adviced to be the object of the verb
  • Prohobative: Marks that the noun it modifies forbidden to be the object of the verb
  • Hypothetical: Marks that the noun it modifies could be the object of the verb
  • Potensial/Optative: Marks that the noun it modifies probably is or is wanted to be the object of the verb
  • Dubative: Marks that the noun it modifies doubtfully is the object of the verb
  • Conditional: Marks that the noun it modifies conditionally is the object of the verb

Auxiliary

Umbrean uses some auxilary verbs for various purposes. It is placed behind the initial verb, takes the conjugations of tempus and person while the other is left in infinitive form.

Caternative

Doesn't really exist since noun clauses are all of it.

Nouns

Genders

Umbrean genders include Non-moving, Living, Mechanical and Magical

Gender Description Example
Non-Moving Things that can't move in any way by their own force Stone, Wall, House
Living Objects that are alive Animal, Fish, Human
Mechanical Machines, electronics etc Steam engine, Train
Magical Things that move seemingly without a cause Moon, Fire, Wind, Air, Sun

Noun Declension

Cases

Umbrean has 5 cases, Ergative, Intransitive, Accusative, Dative and Reflexive

Case Desription:
Ergative The grammatical case that identifies the subject of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages
Accusative The grammatical case used to mark the direct object of an transitive verb
Intransitive The grammatical case used in some languages to mark the subject of an transitive verb
Dative Case The grammatical case used to define the indirect object of a bitransitive verb
and used for postpositional phrases
Reflexive Case The grammatical case used to define the subject which is acting upon itself and
hence is both subject and object, also used for middle voice

Declension table

Umbrean nouns are declined according to whether they are defined or undefined, which case they are, which gender and if its singular, Paucal and plural according to this table if they are regular


Name Amount
Singular 1
Paucal 2-6
Plural 6<
Case Declension
First Second Third Fourth
Mag Liv Art Non Mag Liv Art Non Mag Liv Art Non Mag Liv Art Non
Singular
Erg -asj -ösj -y -üfj -ia -aö -ny -ios -az -ösj -iz -üv
Acc -am -aöm -ymm -öm -amii -aöm -nym -om -adzm -ödz -izz -üvz
Int -aë -öë -aë -aü -ëi -am -özm -yzzm -üfm
Dat -na -nöö -ny -nü -ina -naö -nnë -nio -ǧa -ǧös -ǧyz

-ǧüv

Ref -ap -ub -yyp -op -apj -ab -nyp -op -ag -ök -ygb -ǧüm
Paucal
Erg -ssi -zu -ös -fi -asi -ös -ens -sio
Acc -ami -ömi -ym -ëmü -immi -ami -ym -iom
Int -ni -ön -enëë -nü -ni -anö -unë -ion
Dat -ŋŋa -ŋii -ënn -ŋü -ŋii -ŋii -ëni -ŋo
Ref -pja -pja -pe -bü -öp -up -pjo
Plural
Erg -ims -öm -ims -ümz -iam -öm -ins -ümz
Acc -ömm -umni -ymii -ëmn -inn -amn -ymii -omn
Int -avl -övv -ivli -üff -avj -ivli -nvli -iof
Dat -aa -öşaa -yş -üşi -aa -öşaa -nşi -oşi
Ref -ia -öǧin -iǧǧi -üüž -iǧa -öin -iǧǧ -iǧ
Defintiveness Suffix
First Second Third Fourth
Singular Paucal Plural Singular Paucal Plural Singular Paucal Plural Singular Paucal Plural
Proximal
Definite
Medial şem
Distal

waste

Adjective

Adjectives are genderless in their original form as a rule and acquire a gender to agree with the noun they modify. They also agree with the number while person is irrelevant. The adjectives are strict on always needing a noun after them,if one wishes to express "being X"one uses the predicate endings and treat it as a verb.


In both cases the Positive form in comparative, there is no superlative form, means in the sense of more of the adjective, while negative means less so.


Adjectives are placed in front of the noun they modify

Predicate
Temporative Permanent
Positive Negative Positive Negative
Base
Comparative

Adverbs

Adverbs are non-existent and postpositional phrases takes care of their job

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Umbrean have many personal pronouns for various situations and the choice is critical in conversation as wrong choice can be considered an insult.

Case Ergative Accusative Intransitive Dative Reflexive
sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl.
coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr.
1st inc. mşë blüsj blöse tmö tmë
exc. ëmn emne ëŋŋj eŋe
2nd Common şimi eeşm eşme kman kmane
Respect žloñ kjüdl kjude ovva ovvë
3rd Proximate Object Magical
Living mǧiz
Artificial
Non-Move
Person ñöǧ dzö dzë baaŋl baŋle
Obviative Object Magical
Living
Artificial
Non-Move
Person

abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsšştuvyzžüëö

Obviative

Obviative is used to mark the less important thing in an sentence.

For example if one speaks of two men, Josef and Carl. Wishing to say for "Josef pushed Carl, after that he punched him" the later sentence lacks specification as both pronouns may apply to either Josef of carl, One would add or have the part representing Carl obviative as he is the least important of the two as josef is the one doing the actions.

Obviative is marked with the suffix "adj(G)" where (G) represent the gender vowel of the noun and is placed onto the stem

Reflexive

Reflexive is achived by using reflexive case Umbrean Lessons/26 Reflexive

Genitive

Umbrean does not have a genitive case, a postposition is used instead. It is done in a manner similar to Spanish, which says like "House of Jacob" though in umbrean the "of" word is placed behind Jacob and becomes "Jacob of House" translated of course. And it should be noticed not everything in Umbrean we consider possessed is possessed there, and they have alien and inalienable possession.

Correlatives

This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.

Correlatives are declined like the type they belong to.

Interrogative Demonstrative Quantifier
Proximal Semi-distal Distal Existential Elective Universal Most Negative
Determinal Living

Widu

Nyzu Xuu Vymu -piñ -ogna -edhö -uñia -ügna
Magical Öma Tjyv'a Mahza Djizha -wep -älma -dyl
Non-Moving Xrülü Jokü Höxrü Vilü -djon -djyn
Mechanical Omhsy Favy Didjy -ildwa -lakhs
Pronoun One of
Sapient Dialu Hütwu Thöru Khsögsu
Living

Abfuthu

Hsëlu Lynmu Zätu
Magical Alka Tjega Röma Ludwa
Information Däth Bfil Woil
Artificial Adëchy Wüñy Födy Vay Nihily
Non-Moving Mehzü Kwögsü Ñuhzü
Out of few Diadwü Dhigy Dialu Yva Ky Khsio Eis Djepo Aqwe
Out of many Süva Kebfü Öva Ñai
Pro-Noun Location Vialü Linü Gsenü Divü
New
New
Time Sia Lyma
Dykea

Hsyla

Manner Wola

Vagna

Laca

Hsëa

Reason Tava

Lavia

Nidja

Diva

Quantity Qumto
Pro-Adjective Üdjö
Pro-verb Tjygn
Table of correlatives
interrogative demonstrative quantifier
proximal distal existential elective universal negative alternative-positive
determiner which
what
this (sg.)
these (pl.)
that (sg.)
those (pl.)
some any
whichever
whichsoever
every
each
all
no another
pronoun human who
whom
this (one) (sg.)
these (ones) (pl.)
that (one) (sg.)
those (ones) (pl.)
someone
somebody
anyone
anybody
whoever
whomever
whosoever
whomsoever
everyone
everybody
all
no one
nobody
another
someone else
somebody else
nonhuman what this (one) (sg.)
these (ones) (pl.)
that (one) (sg.)
those (ones) (pl.)
something anything
whatever
whatsoever
everything
all
nothing something else
out of two which this one (sg.)
these (ones) (pl.)
that one (sg.)
those (ones) (pl.)
one either
whichever
whichsoever
both neither
out of many some
one
any
whichever
whichsoever
each
all
none
pro-adverb location where here there somewhere anywhere
wherever
wheresoever
everywhere nowhere elsewhere
source whence
wherefrom
hence thence
thencefrom
  whenceever
whencesoever
  nowhence
goal whither
whereto
whereinto
whereunto
hither thither somewhither anywhither
whithersoever
  nowhither
time when now then sometime anytime
whenever
whensoever
always
everywhen
never
manner how
whereby
thus
hereby
thereby somehow anyhow
however
howsoever
  noway
noways
nowise
nohow (col.)
otherwise
reason why
wherefore
  therefore        

Postposition

Umbrean uses postposition after the clause or word in question, "table on" "going out her with". Postpositions are declined in accordance to gender of the item it describes, such as "on the table" it would agree with the gender of "table" which is artificial.

Singular Pacual Plural
First
Second
Third Magical
Living
Non-Moving
Artificial

Copulas

There exist 3 main copulas, one to describe a state, another for location and a third object or permanent thing.

Locative

Thugn: Used to describe location of something and it highly irregular and can only express things in that is in third person in accusative form

Tempus
Aspect Positive Negative
Past Present Future Past Present Future
Perfective Thös Thum Thëgn Thugnius Thugnögnia Thugndaë
Pausative Thugnin Thugnavi Thugnönië Thugnabun Thugnamëö Thugnidjaë
Perfect Thugnës Thuus Thugndan Thugnom Thugnadaë Thugngnius
Inceptive Thugnyam Thugnignö Thugnanum Thugnüöm Thugnayñ Thugnigne
Continuative Thugnaëñ Thaöm Thugnagnus Thugnaëgn Thugniöm Thugninaë
Terminative Thugnüs Thugnahni Thugnam Thugnoym Thugnüniu Thugnis
Genericative Thugnhnia Thugnüm Thugnaënu Thugnibus Thugnaë Thugnnilë

Temporative

Mym: is a temporative copula describing something being something and is temporary and is highly irregular.

Tempus
Aspect Positive Negative
Past Present Future Past Present Future
Perfective Mymös Mymöm Mymiögn Mymius Mymögnia Mymdaë
Pausative Mymin Mymavi Mymönië Mymabun Mymamëö Mymidjaë
Perfect Mymës Mymiüs Mymdan Mymom Mymadaë Mymgnius
Inceptive Mymyam Mymignö Mymanum Mymüöm Mymayñ Mymigne
Continuative Mymaëñ Mymaöm Mymagnus Mymaëgn Mymiöm Myminaë
Terminative Mymüs Mymahni Mymam Mymoym Mymüniu Mymis
Genericative Mymhnia Mymüm Mymaënu Mymibus Mymaë Mymnilë

Permanentative

Huzj: is a permanent copula describing how something always is. Like the others it is hughly irregular.


Time Manner Place

Umbrean says things in the order of Time manner place rather than english Place Manner Time

Modality

Ways to form modality in a sentence in Umbrean compared to English

Unlike in English these don't differ relative to the tense in which they are used but the verbs tense tells what tense.

Name Umbrean English
Verb form Past Present Future
Ability/Availability Abilative could, was/were able to can, am/is/are able to will be able to
Requests Permissative ---- can, could, will, would
Permission could, was/were allowed to may, can, could, am/is/are allowed to will be allowed to
Possibility Possibilative may have, might have, could have may, might, could
Impossibility Possibilative + Negation couldn’t have couldn’t, can’t
Advisability Advisabilative should have, ought to have, had better have should, ought to, had better
Expectation Gerundive should have, ought to have should, ought to
Necessity had to must, have to, has to will have to
Lack of Necessity Gerundive + Negation didn’t have to don’t have to, doesn’t have to won’t have to
Prohibition Prohobatative could not must not, may not, cannot
Logical Deduction Gerundive must have, have to have, has to have must, have to, has to ----

Syntax

Standard

The Umbrean language is a Subject-Object-Verb language that arranges its sentences as "Adam apple ate" rather than the english SVO "Adam ate apple"



Conditional Sentence

Generalizations Conditional sentences expresses factual things that always occur, "If water is heated to 10 degrees it boils" and the If can be replaced with "when" or "whenever".

Hypothetical Conditional sentence expresses a hypothetical situation that is very unlikely to occur but plausible.

Factual Conditional sentence states it as factual that the result will occur if condition is meet. It may also be used to express that if the condition had been meet result should also have occurred but didn't.


Kind Condition Result
Generalizations Hypothetical Mood Genericative Aspect
Hypothetical Dubative Mood Conditional Mood
Factual Hypothetical Mood Conditional Mood




Subordinate clause


This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.

Noun Clause


Noun clause is formed by declining the subsentence like normally, then add the gerund suffix onto it and then decline it in accordance to any noun.

Adjective Clause


Adjective clauses are closely related to participles as the verb takes on an adjective participle form and is then declined like an adjective.

Part Relativizable? Example Translation
Subject Yes
Direct Object No
Indirect Subject No
Oblique No

Adverbial Clause / Prepositional Clauses


Adverbial clauses don't exactly exist in Umbrean but rather use prepositions for it preceded by a noun or noun clause.

Clause Kind Usual Conjuction Function Example
Time Clause These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
Conditional Clause Conditional Tense These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
Purpose Clause These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
Reason Clause Éñalñö These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
Result Clause These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
Concessive Clause These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
Place Clauses These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
Clauses of Manner These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
Clauses of Exclamations Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).
Clause Kind Usual Conjuction Function Example
Time Clause when, before, after, since, while, as, until These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event. Her father died when she was young.
Conditional Clause if, unless These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences. If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
Purpose Clause in order to, so that, in order that These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action. They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.
Reason Clause because, since, as, given These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something. I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.
Result Clause so that These clauses are used to indicate the result of something. My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed.
Concessive Clause although, though, while These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising. I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now
Place Clauses where, wherever These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something. He said he was happy where he was.
Clauses of Manner as, like, the way These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done. I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.
Clauses of Exclamations what a(an), how, such, so Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!). What horrible news! How fast she types! You lucky man!

Dictionary

Can be seen at Umbrean Words and Dictionary and Lists

Motion and position


No. English
1I
2you (singular)
3he
4we
5you (plural)
6they
7this
8that
9here
10there
11who
12what
13where
14when
15how
16not
17all
18many
19some
20few
21other
22one
23two
24three
25four
26five
27big
28long
29wide
30thick
31heavy
32small
33short
34narrow
35thin
36woman
37man (adult male)
38man (human being)
39child
40wife
41husband
42mother
43father
44animal
45fish
46bird
47dog
48louse
49snake
50worm
51tree
52forest
53stick
54fruit
55seed
56leaf
57root
58bark
59flower
60grass
61rope
62skin
63meat
64bloodTao
65bone
66fat
67egg
68horn
69tail
70feather
71hair
72head
73ear
74eye
75nose
76mouth
77tooth
78tongue
79fingernail
80foot
81leg
82knee
83hand
84wing
85belly
86guts
87neck
88back
89breast
90heart
91liver
92drink
93eat
94bite
95suck
96spit
97vomit
98blow
99breathe
100laugh
101see
102hear
103know
104think
105smell
106fear
107sleep
108live
109die
110kill
111fight
112hunt
113hit
114cut
115split
116stab
117scratch
118dig
119swim
120fly
121walk
122come
123lie
124sit
125stand
126turn
127fall
128give
129hold
130squeeze
131rub
132wash
133wipe
134pull
135push
136throw
137tie
138sew
139count
140say
141sing
142play
143float
144flow
145freeze
146swell
147sun
148moon
149star
150water
151rain
152river
153lake
154sea
155salt
156stone
157sand
158dust
159earth
160cloud
161fog
162sky
163wind
164snow
165ice
166smoke
167fire
168ash
169burn
170road
171mountain
172red
173green
174yellow
175white
176black
177night
178day
179year
180warm
181cold
182full
183new
184old
185good
186bad
187rotten
188dirty
189straight
190round
191sharp
192dull
193smooth
194wet
195dry
196correct
197near
198far
199right
200left
201at
202in
203with
204and
205if
206because
207name


Directions are divided on from whos perspective it is, first, second or third person.

Verb words

Methods of death and killing
English Umbrean
Natural Death
Suffication
Drown
Hunt Death
Murdered Murder
Strangle
Stab
Claw

Noun words

Body

Body parts
Head
Neck
Finger Hand Lower arm Upper arm Chest Upper arm Lower arm Hand Finger
Back
Belly
Hip Groin Hip
Upper leg Upper leg
Lower leg Lower leg
Toes Foot Foot Toes
Body parts
Bjöthy

Animals


Colour and emotion

Various

Weather

Everyday

Kinship

Idiomatic

Particles

Particle Description English
Ëëch Particle for questions and to mark one is thinking, wondering or pondering. In a general curious mood. Hmmmm

Conjunction

Connecting to parts is done like in english, X and Y, X or Y

Conjunction Logical Description Word Enclitic
Noun clause Relative clause Sentence Noun clause Relative clause Sentence
And And Both Ö Nşa -ön -nan
- Adjective
separator
- Ëtsj -
- Noun -
Adjective
applier
Blëë - -
- Verb connector Bjëë - -
Xand Either both or none Hsëë
Or Or Inclusive Ŋǧe
Xor Exclusive Yşjë
But - Contrary Ööñ

Swadesh


No. English
1I
2you (singular)
3he
4we
5you (plural)
6they
7this
8that
9here
10there
11who
12what
13where
14when
15how
16not
17all
18many
19some
20few
21other
22one
23two
24three
25four
26five
27big
28long
29wide
30thick
31heavy
32small
33short
34narrow
35thin
36woman
37man (adult male)
38man (human being)
39child
40wife
41husband
42mother
43father
44animal
45fish
46bird
47dog
48louse
49snake
50worm
51tree
52forest
53stick
54fruit
55seed
56leaf
57root
58bark
59flower
60grass
61rope
62skin
63meat
64blood
65bone
66fat
67egg
68horn
69tail
70feather
71hair
72head
73ear
74eye
75nose
76mouth
77tooth
78tongue
79fingernail
80foot
81leg
82knee
83hand
84wing
85belly
86guts
87neck
88back
89breast
90heart
91liver
92drink
93eat
94bite
95suck
96spit
97vomit
98blow
99breathe
100laugh
101see
102hear
103know
104think
105smell
106fear
107sleep
108live
109die
110kill
111fight
112hunt
113hit
114cut
115split
116stab
117scratch
118dig
119swim
120fly
121walk
122come
123lie
124sit
125stand
126turn
127fall
128give
129hold
130squeeze
131rub
132wash
133wipe
134pull
135push
136throw
137tie
138sew
139count
140say
141sing
142play
143float
144flow
145freeze
146swell
147sun
148moon
149star
150water
151rain
152river
153lake
154sea
155salt
156stone
157sand
158dust
159earth
160cloud
161fog
162sky
163wind
164snow
165ice
166smoke
167fire
168ash
169burn
170road
171mountain
172red
173green
174yellow
175white
176black
177night
178day
179year
180warm
181cold
182full
183new
184old
185good
186bad
187rotten
188dirty
189straight
190round
191sharp
192dull
193smooth
194wet
195dry
196correct
197near
198far
199right
200left
201at
202in
203with
204and
205if
206because
207name


Numbers

Number English Umbrean Number English Umbrean
0 Zero 16 Sixteen
1 One 17 Seventeen
2 Two 18 Eighteen
3 Three 19 Nineteen
4 Four 20 Twenty
5 Five 21 Twenty one
6 Six 22 Twenty two
7 Seven 23 Twenty three
8 Eight 24 Twenty four
9 Nine 25 Twenty five
10 Ten 26 Twenty six
11 Eleven 27 Twenty seven
12 Twelve 28 Twenty eight
13 Thirteen 29 Twenty nine
14 Fourteen 30 Thirty
15 Fifteen 31 Thirty one
12 potens
Potense 12^x Suffix Word
1 12 (10)
2 144 (100)
4 20736 (10000)
8 429981696 (100000000)

Numbers in Umbrean have to agree by gender to the noun and changes whether it is ordinal, cardinal, fractal or multiple

  • Cardinal: Normal number, One, Two, Three, Four, Five
  • Ordinal: in order, First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth
  • Fractal: Division, Half, One third, One fourth, one fifth
  • Multiple: Multiple of a number, Twice, Trice, Four times, Five times
  • Additional: Plus it. Plus one, plus two, plus three, plus four, plus five
  • Subtractional: Minus it, Minus one, minus two, minus three, minus four, minus five
Cardinal Ordinal Fractal Multiplicative Reproductive Collective Distributive Addition Subtraction Power Root
Magical: - - - - - - - - - - -
Living: - - - - - - - - - - -
Non-Moving: - - - - - - - - - - -
Artificial: - - - - - - - - - - -

Compound words

Compound words are formed by taking the original stem, lacking grammatical genders, conjugations or declensions.

They often suffer natural "erosion" in form of where the begining or the end (depending on their joint location) is either over lapped by the other or eroded to shorten the word.

Type English Umbrean Parts
Verb-Verb
Noun-Verb
Adjective-Noun
Postposition-Verb

Word Classes

While english division here is shown the umbrean language divides its own words a bit differently

  • Nouns ()
    • Items, objects, concepts and ideas
  • Adjectives ()

Orthography

Umbrean writing system is written from up to down, then left to right and is an abugida.

There exist 4 versions of each letter, Isolated (when the letter occurs alone), When the letter initiates a word, when its in the middle and when it ends a word. The middle and End version can be fused with each other to create a new letter

Letter Table

Position
Isolated Initial Middle End
Consonant B
B d

Example text

Check out Umbrean/Translations

Featuring

Original

This language was once featured.
Thanks to its level of quality, plausibility and usage capabilities, it has been voted as featured.

Translated

Hsëlu gnothlu mëhsimagn djihsaj bimëlösikhsi

This[Living] Language[Living-Definite] Earlier[Magical-Dative] At[3p-Magical] Feature[Past-3S]

Bymidhuvö gnodhul vandwaogna dhüaj tjoolagn göönüküñ ö gnuthinzinhulagn ñyvözaj pjomihsësavy

Unique[Living-Singular-Undefined] Language[Living-Singular-Undefined-Intransitive] Quality[Dative-Magical-Undefined] Of[3P-Magical] Great[Magical-Singular-Undefined] Amount[Dative-Non Moving-Singular Undefined] And Speakabilitiness[Dative-Magical-Singular-Undefined] Thanks-to[3P-Magical] Vote[Past-per][3P-Sing]

Literal Translation

This languages was made unique at the time of an earlier point in time.

It has been voted a unique language for reason of good amount of quality and a speakability

Original

Shame upon those who gives up

Translated

Thignöminu (those who give up)

Zhüma (shame)

Mindhëam = must/deserve to feel

Mindhëam Zhüma = deserves to feel shame

Thignömingu Mindhëam Zhümalu tjygnömza

Literal Translation

Those who quit deserves to/must feel shame

Original

Strenght/Force of wisdom/knowledge

Translated

"sikwaogna djinvai penevu" = Power/Force/strenght from wisdom

Literal Translation

Force originates from wisdom

Lessons

If inconsistencies are found between this thread and lessons in umbrean wording the lesson is most likely incorrect so please help by fixing it

Lesson 01: Simple Phrases

Lesson 02: Simple Sentences

Lesson 03: Adding Object

Lesson 04: Another object

Lesson 05: Nouns and pronouns

Lesson 06: Adjectives

Lesson 07: Verb Tenses

Lesson 08: Verb Voices and moods

Lesson 09: Adverbs

Lesson 10: Modifying the verb

Lesson 11: Postposition

Lesson 12: Questions

Lesson 13: Noun Clause

Lesson 14: Adjective Clause

Lesson 15: Verb forms

Lesson 16: Gerund

Lesson 17: Supine

Lesson 18: Gerundive

Lesson 19: Adverbial Clauses

Lesson 20: Modality

Lesson 21: Conjunctions

Lesson 22: Mathematics

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