Уацин

The author requests that you do not make significant changes to this project without first seeking approval.
By all means, please either help fix spelling, grammar and organization problems or contact the author about them. Thank you.

The author wishes to make it clear this project is currently undergoing significant construction or revamp.
By all means, take a look around. Thank you.

Progress 91%
	Stats Nouns 100% Verbs 100% Adjectives 95% Syntax 86% Words 223 of 1500

Example Sentences of Уацин
I am a man.
Ани ауврэ ио дун.
I love you.
Ани аувпэнэ фравэ.
I will give you horses.
Ани аувпунуёцин фравэ поукюнэп.
Do you hear the sound from the east?
Лильакеф фравэ вур шоцьэвэ деж цутньеж?
This is a constructed language.
Йецукю фэврэ и мпренцуви эпжурэце.

Name: Уацин Type: Fusional (Agglutinative) Alignment: Nominative-Accusative Head Direction: Initial Number of genders: 4 Declensions: Yes Conjugations: Yes Nouns declined according to Case Number Definitiveness Gender Verbs conjugated according to Voice Mood Person Number Tense Aspect

General information

A lot of the grammar is derived from German, but none of the Vocabulary, or anything else, really.

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal				n
Plosive	p		t̪ d̪	t d					k	ʔ
Fricative		f v			ʒ	ʂ ʐ	ç ʝ
Affricate				t̪͡s̪
Lateral-affricate				t͡ɬ d͡ɮ
Approximant				ɹ				j	w
Flap				ɾ̥ ɾ
Tap						ɽ
Lateral app.				l

Vowels

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	i				ɯ u
Near-close				ʊ
Mid	e
Open-mid		ɛ			ʌ ɔ
Open		a	ä		ɑ ɒ
Diphthongs	u̯ä au aʊ oʊ uːɐ̯ ʊɐ̯

Alphabet

Letter	Pronunciation	Name
Аа	[ä ɑ a]	/ɑ/
Ее	[ɛ ə]	/ə/
Кк	[k]	/kɑ/
Оо	[ɒ o ʌ ɔ ɯ]	/o/
Вв	/v/	/bvɑ/
Дд	[d̪ d d͡ɮ]	/dz̃ɑ/
Ёё	[ji]	/ji/
Жж	[ʒ ʐ ʝ]	/ʝɑ/
Ии	[i ɪ j]	/i/
Йй	[j ʲ]	/jɑ/
Лл	[l t͡ɬ d͡ɮ]	/lɑ/
Нн	[n]	/nɑ/
Пп	[p]	/pɑ/
Рр	[ɾ ɹ r]	/rɑ/
Тт	[t̪ t t͡ɬ]	/tɑ/
Уу	[u ʊ w y]	/u/
Фф	[f]	/fɑ/
Цц	[t̪͡s̪]	/t̪͡s̪ɑ/
Шш	[ç ʂ]	/ʂɑ/
Ьь	[ʔ ʲ ə]	/t̪͡s̪ʲɑʔ/
Ээ	[e]	/e/
Юю	[jo jɒ]	/jo/

NOTE: У ONLY makes the /u̯/ or /w/ sounds if preceding another vowel (i.e. the word "Уацин" is pronounced as either /u̯ät̪͡s̪iːn/ or /wät̪͡s̪iːn/).

NOTE: И ONLY makes the /j/ sound if preceding another vowel, as with У. The only exception to this is the indefinite article for humanly-class, иo, pronounced iʲʌ.

NOTE: Й will make a /j/ sound whenever following a vowel. However, you add a schwa (ə) sound when at the end of a word. For example: the natural-class, dative-case form of the 2nd-person singular: фравэй is pronounced fɾ̥ɑveɪjə.

NOTE: Ь will, whenever present (unless after consonant), always denote a glottal stop. For instance: in the definite article for the magical-class (тлoьe), it will be pronounced tlɒʔe. However, when Ь is present after a consonant, it will immediately palatalize that consonant, much like what it does in Russian, (and, when at the end of a word, add a "schwa" sound) as in the dative-case, natural-class forms of Third Person Singular pronouns: равь, рувь, рэвь, ривь. They are pronounced, respectively: rävʲə ruvʲə revʲə rivʲə.

NOTE: Т and Л (along with Д and Л) will only make the /t͡ɬ/ (/d͡ɮ/) sound when they are placed together;  they must, however, still be in that specific order.

Phonotactics

Syllables can take the form (C)(V)(R)(C)V(C)(R)(V)(C), "C" being any consonant, and "V" being any vowel.

The other syllabic combinations are as follows (in order from most used to least):

CVCVC, CVC, CCVCC, CVVC, CV, VC, VVC, CCV, CVV, VCC, VCV, VCR, VVR, VRV, RV, & R

C=лжцвптрнйкдфёюш

V=эиауео

R=ь

Grammar

	Gender	Cases	Numbers	Tenses	Persons	Moods	Voices	Aspects
Verb	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Nouns	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Adjectives	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No
Numbers	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No
Participles	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Adverb	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Pronouns	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Adpositions	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Article	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No
Particle	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No

Nouns

Nouns in can inflect for several reasons:

• Number
• Case
• Class
• Definiteness

Уацин nouns can be either singular (SG) or plural (PL).

They may be either definite (DEF) or indefinite (NDEF).

The nouns can belong to one of four classes: natural (NATR), magical (MAG), humanly (HUM), or inanimate (INMT).

There are four cases that they can decline according to: nominative (NOM), accusative (ACC), dative (DAT), or genitive (GEN).

Plurals

Whenever a word ends in a consonant, add "-эп" to the end to form a plural to any noun; if it ends in a vowel, add "-п" to the end. Nevertheless, when a noun ends in Ь, the ending will still be "-эп" but the Ь will change to a Й.

Adjectives

This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.

Adjectives come before the noun they modify. There are both attributive and absolute types of adjectives. There is no order in which the adjectives must go in, if there is more than one.

Numbers do not count as adjectives. Instead, numbers are determiners, and may be used in place of any definite article (adding on the appropriate suffix, according to class and case). You would, however, be able to say "Four..." instead of having to say "The four..."

For the declension of Adjective Type, see Comparison section below.

Verbs

Conjugations

To conjugate regular verbs, you change the first couple letters of the verb to make it follow this chart:

	Singular
1st Person	ани (I)	ау______
2nd Person	фравэ (you)	ло______
3rd Person	равэ, рувэ, рэвэ, ривэ (he, she, it, gender neutral)	фэ______
Imperative Form	(command)	жо______

	Plural
1st Person	ауни (we)	ли______
2nd Person	жаувни (you pl.)	ли______
3rd Person	ежрэ (they)	ли______
Imperative Form	(command)	жи______

Gender neutral will mean any living humanoid who has a drawing to either sex, or none at all.

Verb-Doers

To make a verb turn into "one who ___s" or "a/an ___er" you would take away the лэ- prefix and add a different one. This prefix is "вю-" and it denotes a verb as a person who does that verb.

For instance, if you wanted to say "a lover" you would automatically give it a natural-class indefinite article, and say "и вювпэнэ" (taking away the лэ- and adding the вю-, of course).

If you wanted to say "a non-lover" you would add the -эн suffix to negate it "и вювпэнэнэн" but in that case there is already an Э on the end of the word, so you must add a Н.

Tense

This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.

To conjugate a verb for Past Tense, add the suffix -ви. There is no copula needed for past tense.

To conjugate a verb for Future Tense, add the suffix -цин. After you add said suffix, you must use a copula to express that it will happen.

Participles

This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.

To turn a verb into a regular participle (adjectival form), simply take away the prefix лэ-, and that's it.

However, if you would like to turn the verb into a past participle then you'd add on the suffix -ви to the end of the "already in adjectival form" participle; then move it to the end of the sentence/clause. Once there, you replace the same verb in the original sentence with a present perfect verb, usually the correctly conjugated form of to live (for regular past participles). Some of the past participle verbs that are extremely irregular are listed in a chart below, along with their meaning in English, its present perfect "replacement" (that must still be conjugated into context), and its translation in english.

Past Participle	Present Meaning	Past Participle Meaning	Present Perfect Replacement	Present Perfect Replacement Meaning
врэйев	be	been	лэврэ	to be
ёжоцьэви	become	become	лэтпурну	to make
цанэнвь	come	came	лэвреут	to live
шьацфувь	fall	fallen	лэврэ	to be
цужйеви	flee (run away)	fled	лэвреут	to live
цaнвую	go	gone	лэврэ	to be
войежьаври	grow (by itself)	grown	лэвреут	to live
вэтпурэвь	have	had	лэврэ	to be
вуйепэнэвь	love	loved	лэюжьэк	to feel
жеуфуцьуви	stay (remain)	stayed	лэвреут	to live

For example, you would say "I live the scene fled," instead of "I live fled the scene," "I have fled the scene," and most definitely not "I fled the scene," as we say in English. The reason this is is because the ones who spoke Уацин thought it was strange to say that you have fled, because you technically did not have anything. If this doesn't make sense, take, for instance, the phrase "I have a picture." In this statement, you literally own a picture. Thus, you cannot own the action of fleeing. You did not have anything with you, on you, or in your hands that made you flee. You, instead must have lived through that experience.

I realize that that must have confuzed you, since I was using the words I and you interchangeably, but that is just so it felt like you, the reader, were saying the statements; I apologize for the inconvenience.

Ownership/Possessiveness

To make a name (or noun) the owner of an object, let's say "Valerie's name," you would write their name, in which case this does work out in this alphabet, and add ,п or ,эп depending on whether or not there is a vowel on the end.

To see it completely written down:

"Валери,п циан." [Valerie's name.]

So, just to clarify, instead of writing 's at the end of a name or using an apostrophe, you'd use a comma and then add ,п or ,эп. Just like plurals. More on ownership (Genitive Case) explained slightly in the Pronoun Case section.

Negation

To negate a sentence, add the word пурну at the end of the sentence, or, if very complicated, directly after the verb that is to be negated.

Word Order

Уацин has the “SVO” (Subject, Verb, Object) word order, which just so happens to be the English word order. However, Уацин can be free flowing word order, but with more complicated sentences, it is counted as SVO. In the case of questions, the word order is the same as English as well. For every interjection/exclamation, the verb comes first, then the subject/direct object/etc. much like the English version of the phrase "Thank you," Уацин's word order states that the verb (thank) will be stated before the subject/DO (you). Since "Thank you" is a shortened form of "I thank you," the direct object would have to be you.

The word order of questions, however, is like German. So, for instance, you ask someone, "Where are you going?" you would instead ask them "Where goest thou-NOM?" to take away the copula and make it the German transliteration. Thusly, in Уацин, it would read "Уе лицан фравэ?".

Nevertheless, if you were to ask "Do you hear the sound from the east?" you would transliterate it into "Hearest thou-NOM the-ACC sound from the-GEN east?". It would hereby read in Уацин "Лильакеф фравэ вур шоцьэвэ деж цутньеж?".

Different/Abnormal Verbs (not neccessarily irregular)

This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.

to live

To live, in Уацин does not mean "I live in a house."

Rather on the contrary, it means something like to stand in German; to stand (in German) usually means something like "That jacket stands on you well," or "The painting stands on the wall." It does not literally mean that the jacket or the painting are standing: it simply means that they are there.

The same goes for to live in Уацин. It means that it is there. Not that it is actually living, but that it is in a place or is doing something in a place, much like to stand in German, as I have now stated in this section many, many a time. There is another verb in Уацин that does mean "to live in something," as in a house or another place, such as a city, town, or whatever/wherever you live. The most literal translation of to live is actually "a state of being" so not necessarily in something, because that implies something else. I think you get the point.

Pronoun Case

To know exactly what I am basing this off of, view the chart on this page.

Singular	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive
1st	ани	анэ	анэж...
2nd	фравэ	фравэ	фравэж...
3rd	равэ, рувэ, pэвэ, ривэ	нaвэ, нувэ, нэвэ, нивэ	равни, рувни, рэвни, ривни...

Plural	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive
1st	ауни	аунэ	аунэж...
2nd	жаувни	жаувнэ	жаувнэж...
3rd	ежrэ	ежнэ	ежнэж...
Interrogative	уни	унип	унит

However, if you want to see more in-depth charts about personal pronouns and their case/class then scroll down to the Personal Pronouns, cont'd section.

When you are in doubt on which pronoun to use - rather, which class to put it in - simply use the inanimate class (if the object is inanimated), but if the noun/thing/person you are talking to is living, then put it into the class-natural category.

Class/Determiners

Since Уацин is the official language of the dryads, there are four classes: Natural, Magical, Humanly, and Inanimate. The definite and indefinite articles of these classes are as follows:

Definite Articles	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Genitive
Natural	тлеж	веж	кеж	деж
Magical	тлоье	воье	коье	доье
Humanly	тлар	вар	кар	дар
Inanimate	тлур	вур	кур	дур

Indefinite Articles
Natural	и
Magical	илэ
Humanly	ио
Inanimate	ила

The genitive case replaces, in English, the words "of the", "from the", or any other deviations as such, as in the Word order example above.

Personal Pronouns, cont'd

Singular

First Person Singular
	Natural	Magical	Humanly	Inanimate
Nominative	ани	ани	ани	ани
Accusative	анэ	анэ	анэ	анэ
Dative	ануй	аную	ануё	анут
Genitive	анож	аноье	анар	анур

Second Person Singular
	Natural	Magical	Humanly	Inanimate
Nominative	фравэ	фравэ	фравэ	фравэ
Accusative	фравэ	фравэ	фравэ	фравэ
Dative	фравэй	фравэю	фравэё	фравэт
Genitive	фравэж	фравоьэ	фравар	фравур

Third Person Singular (he, she, it, GN)
	Natural	Magical	Humanly	Inanimate
Nominative	равэ, рувэ, рэвэ, ривэ	равэ, рувэ, рэвэ, ривэ	равэ, рувэ, рэвэ, ривэ	рэвэ
Accusative	навэ, нувэ, нэвэ, нивэ	навэ, нувэ, нэвэ, нивэ	навэ, нувэ, нэвэ, нивэ	нэвэ
Dative	равь, рувь, рэвь, ривь	равю, рувю, рэвю, ривю	равё, рувё, рэвё, ривё	рэвут
Genitive	равни, рувни, рэвни, ривни	равниьэ, рувниьэ, рэвниьэ, ривниьэ	равнар, pувнар, рэвнар, ривниар	рэвнур

Plural

First Person Plural
	Natural	Magical	Humanly	Inanimate
Nominative	ауни	ауни	ауни	ауни
Accusative	аунэ	аунэ	аунэ	аунэ
Dative	аунь	ауню	аунё	аунот
Genitive	аунэ	аунэйе	аунар	аунур

Second Person Plural
	Natural	Magical	Humanly	Inanimate
Nominative	жаувни	жаувни	жаувни	жаувни
Accusative	жаувнэ	жаувнэ	жаувнэ	жаувнэ
Dative	жаувнь	жаувню	жаувнё	жаувт
Genitive	жаувньэж	жаувниьэ	жаувнар	жаувнур

Third Person Plural
	Natural	Magical	Humanly	Inanimate
Nominative	ежрэ	ежрэ	ежрэ	ежрэ
Accusative	ежнэ	ежнэ	ежнэ	ежнэ
Dative	eжньэ	eжню	eжнё	eжнуць
Genitive	ежнэж	ежноьэ	ежнар	ежнур

Cardinal/Ordinal

This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.

To make a number ordinal, add the prefix жа- to the cardinal form of the number.

The cardinal numbers can be found in the Dictionary.

Comparison

This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.

With regular adjectives, you'd add certain prefixes to denote comparative, superlative, and elative, according to the class and definitiveness of the noun they modify. Follow the below chart to see how to do this.

	Natural	Magical	Humanly	Inanimate
Positive	--	--	--	--
Comparative	жа-	жэ-	жю-	жьец-
Superlative	па-	пэ-	пю-	пьеть-
Elative	да-	дэ-	дю-	дьец-

Demonstrative Pronouns

Like verbs, demonstrative pronouns all have their own prefixes (йе-), according to class and case. The demonstrative pronouns will be in the Уацин/Dictionary. Yet, they will be in the (technically speaking) "infinitive" form - as will the Nominative Case/Class Nature prefix.

		Natural	Magical	Humanly	Inanimate
Nominative		йе___	лор___	ар___	ур___
Accusative		иэ___	иэл___	иоьэ___	иеьа___
Dative		фье___	фю___	фё___	фэш___
Genitive		жэ___	жлэ___	жиьо___	жла___

Modal Verbs

All modal verbs are exactly the same as normal verbs. They also all begin with лэ-. The conjugation and placement of modal verbs is very much like the German conjugation and placement of the verbs according to modal verbs. This rule I am implying is as follows: "The modal verb will be conjugated normally, and modifies the infinitive verb, which is placed at the end of the sentence."

For example, "I want to read the book," would literally translate to, "I want the book to read."

So, in Уацин, it would read:

"Ани аунэт вур фуциьа лэциьэ."

Interjections

Formal

Now, this may seem silly, and it is kind of like German's command punctuation, but with all of Уацин's interjection punctuation, there is an exclamation point (!) at the end of every sentence (interjection).  Another thing that every interjection sentence has is that they are speaking directly to someone, so if it is "Hello," it will literally translate to "Hello [Greetings] you!" (word order is stated in the Word Order section.) Keep in mind that all of these interjections are formal, none of them are informal.

English	Уацин
Hello! (to one person)	Ауриврэ фравэ!
Hello! (to more than one person)	Ауриврэ жаувни!
Goodbye! (to one person)	Ауйеавpэ фравэ!
Goodbye! (to more than one person)	Ауйеаврэ жаувни!
Thank you! (to one person)	Аутларэ фравэ!
Thank you! (to more than one person)	Аутларэ жаувни!
You're welcome! (literally "Welcome, you!" (singular))	Ауьуарэ фравэ!
You're welcome! (literally "Welcome, you!" (plural))	Ауьуарэ жаувни!

Informal

However, the informal forms of the same phrases are below:

English	Уацин
Hello (hi)	Жориврэ
Goodbye (bye)	Жойеаврэ
Thank you (thanks)	Жотларэ
You're welcome (welcome)	Жоьуорэ

Vocabulary

Full Dictionary/Lexicon can be found here.

Example text

The example translations will be located here.