| Ḷātcöŋjikēɹðū Ḷātcöŋjikēɹðū | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||||||||||||
| Alignment | |||||||||||||
| Head direction | |||||||||||||
| Tonal | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Declensions | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Genders | yes | ||||||||||||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
| Case | Number | ||||||||||||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
| Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
| Person | Number | ||||||||||||
| Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
| Meta-information | |||||||||||||
| Progress | Expression error: Unexpected < operator.% | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Creator | CosmopoieticKalash | ||||||||||||
Classification and Dialects[]
- Proto-P͡faʦēðliŋ
- Vārēðin
- Old Ḷātcöŋjikēɹðū
- Ḷātcöŋjikēɹðū
Ḷātcöŋjikēɹðū is a Vārēðin language, as is ṬibēžaÞē. It consists of two main dialects, the Þaɱāŋžou-Daʈhārña (traditional) dialect and the Kihān (lowland) dialect, which is more vernacular. Ḷātcöŋjikēɹðū has been spoken for around 300-400 years. It was preceded by Old Ḷātcöŋjikēɹðū, spoken for around 750-800 years itself. Old Ḷātcöŋjikēɹðū derives from Vārēðin, spoken for almost 1,200 years before. The language is very nature-orientated.
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Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Pulmonic consonants
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal/
Epiglottal |
Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ŋ | ||||||
| Stop | p b
pʰ bʰ |
p̪ b̪
p̪ʰ b̪ʰ |
t tʰ
d dʰ |
ʈ ɖ
ʈʰ ɖʰ |
c ~ ɟ
(cʰ~ɟʰ) |
k g
kʰ gʰ |
q ~ ɢ
(qʰ~ɢʰ) |
ʔ | |||
| Affricate | (p̪͡f~p͡f)
(b̪͡v~b͡v) |
t͡s d͡z
t͡sʰ (d͡zʰ) |
t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
t͡ʃʰ (d͡ʒʰ) |
||||||||
| Fricative | ɸ (β) | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | (ç) | x | (χ) | |||
| Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | ɹ̠ | j | (ɰ) | h | |||||
| Trill | ʙ | r | ʁ | ʜ | |||||||
| Flap or tap | ѵ | (ɾ) | ɽ | ||||||||
| Lateral app. | l | ɭ | (ʟ) |
- Distinction between aspirated and non-aspirated consonants is only evident in the traditional dialect of the language.
- The phonemes /β p̪͡f p͡f b̪͡v b͡v χ ç/ are generally only found in loanwords.
- /ʟ/ occasionally occurs instead of /ɭ/
- /ʁ/ is sometimes, in the Kihan dialect, replaced by /ɰ/
Co-articulated consonants[]
| Continuants | ʍ w | ɥ | ɫ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Occlusives | k͡p ɡ͡b
t͡p d͡b |
ŋ͡m
(n͡m) |
- /n͡m/ is found in loanwords.
Non-pulmonic consonants
| Simple clicks | ʘ
(ǂ) |
ǀ
(ǁ) |
ǃ |
|---|
Vowels[]
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | i (y) | ɨ (ʉ) | ɯ (u) | ||
| Near-high | (e) (ø) | ɪ | (ɪ̈) | ʊ | |
| High-mid | (ɵ) | (ɤ) (o) | |||
| Mid | ə | ||||
| Low-mid | ɛ (œ) | (ɜ) (ɞ) | ʌ ɔ | ||
| Near-low | æ | ||||
| Low | (a) (ɶ) | ɑ ɒ |
Phonotactics[]
(c)(c)(v/d)(c)(c)(c)
Writing System[]
| Letter | t | ṭ | d | ḍ | n | ŋ | ń | x | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound | t | d | n | x | ||||||||
| Letter | h | ʜ | b | ḅ | ʙ | p | ṗ | s | ||||
| Sound | h | b | b̪ | ʙ | p | s | ||||||
| Letter | z | ś | ź | m | ḿ | r | ɹ | ŕ | ř | ʀ | l | ḷ |
| Sound | z | m | r | l | ||||||||
| Letter | ʟ | w | ẃ | k | g | c | j | ʦ | ||||
| Sound | ʟ | w | ||||||||||
| Letter | ʣ | ṿ | ɸ | f | v | ψ | θ | đ | y | ϟ | ||
| Sound | β | ɸ | f | v | ⱱ | c | ||||||
| Letter | ж | ḳ | ġ | q | ɢ | ϣ | ю | ʔ | ||||
| Sound | ɟ | |||||||||||
| Letter | ṣ | ẋ | i | e | o | a | u | ū | ō | ā | ē | ɪ |
| Sound | ç | |||||||||||
| Letter | ||||||||||||
| Sound | ||||||||||||
| Letter | ŋ͡m | ƕ | ||||||||||
| Sound |
Grammar[]
Nouns[]
(SAMPLE)
đāl - fire
ŋ͡māk - elderflower
ɡ͡bac - topsoil
xūź - knot (in wood)
ḅuŋ - bundle
θōr - underground river
ḿeʜ - overhang
ẃɪlv - wind
skaf - mud volcano
ɹeʣɪn - eternal fire (one caused by gas leaks, e.g. Turkmenistan's 'Door to Hell')
qāṭ - causeway
đoθ - harvest (of crops)
ařēt - spring (source of water)
opskū - firepit
ψek - toadstool
gak͡pene - weir
fazūɸ - saltmarsh
uḷhōɂa- silt