Dumping Chinese on Korean does not a language make.
| Oheooreoni 오허오러니 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Agglutinative | ||||||||||||
| Alignment | Nominative - Accusative | ||||||||||||
| Head direction | Head Final | ||||||||||||
| Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
| Declensions | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Genders | No | ||||||||||||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
| Case | Number | ||||||||||||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
| Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
| Person | Number | ||||||||||||
| Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
| Meta-information | |||||||||||||
| Progress | 1% | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Creator | Olive11224 | ||||||||||||
General Information
Ahoreni (Honzeu: 魂语，Oheooreozeu: 화이 IPA: /oxɤorɤni/) is an agglutinative language spoken around the Changbai mountains. It is considered stable, with a population of about ~2,275,000 speakers. The language is vastly innovative, with much assimiation from middle chinese and korean. Thus, recent loanwords may conjugate differently compared to naturalized and natural lexicon.
Origin
The Ahoro People
The Ahoro people have historically occupied much territory, from Primorsky Krai to Shandong.
Since the formation of North Korea, it is likely that the population in North Korea has assimilated with North Korean culture and philosophy. Thus, the population may no longer speak Ahoreni.
Phonology
Consonants
Non phonemic consonants and vowels are in brackets.
| Bilabial | Labio-Dental | Alveolar | Alveolo-Palatal | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||
| Plosive | unaspirated | p | t | k | ||||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||||
|
Fricative |
s | ɕ | ʂ | x | ||||
| Affricate | unaspirated | ts | tɕ | ʈʂ | ||||
| aspirated | tsʰ | tɕʰ | ʈʂʰ | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
| Approximant | l | j, ɥ | w | |||||
- [r] may shorten to [ɾ], as long as [r] is not the initial consonant.
- The retroflex series does not occur before the vowel /i/.
- Coda nasals differs depending on the initial consonant of the next syllable.
- Before bilabial consonants: /m/
- Before coronal consonants, glottal consonants, and if the consonant is absent : /n/
- Before velar consonants: /ŋ/
Vowels
| Front | Near-front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i, y | ɯ*, u | ||
| Near-close | ||||
| Close-mid | e | o, ɤ | ||
| Mid | ||||
| Open-mid | ||||
| Near-open | ||||
| Open | a |
- Ahoreni does not employ phonemic vowel or consonant length.
Vowel Clusters
In Ahoreni, many vowel clusters may consist of a Pure Vowel/Diphthong and a glide.
| Main Vowel | Dim. Vowel | Glides | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ø | j | w | ɥ | ||
| a | Ø | a | ja | wa | ɥa |
| ɪ | aɪ | jaɪ | waɪ | ||
| ʊ | aʊ | jaʊ | waʊ | ||
|
ɤ |
Ø | ɤ | jɤ | wɤ | |
| i | Ø | i | wi | ||
| o | Ø | o | jo | wo | ɥo |
| e | Ø | e | je | we | ɥɪ |
| u | Ø | u | ju | ||
| y | Ø | y | |||
| ɯ | Ø | ɯ | |||
- /ɥ/ may only succeed an Alveolo-Palatal consonant.
- Bilabial consonant can not occur before /ɥ/ or /w/.
This is a list showing the possible vowel-final combinations.
| Vowel | Final | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| n | m | ŋ | |
| a | /an/ | /am/ | /ɑŋ/ |
| i | /in/ | /im/ | /iŋ/ |
| e | /e/ | /em/ | /eŋ/ |
| ɤ | [ən] | /ɤm/ | /ɤŋ |
| o | /on/ | /om/ | /oŋ/ |
| u | /un/ | /um/ | /uŋ/ |
| y | /yn/ | /ym/ | /yŋ/ |
| ɯ | /n̩/ | /m̩/ | /ŋ̍/ |
*Analyzation of /ɯ/ after Certain Consonants
| Alveolar | Retroflex (Merged with Alveolar) | Bilabial | Velar |
|---|---|---|---|
| z̩ | z̩ | ɯ (With various levels of roundedness) | ɯ |
- [ɯ] is often devoiced after velar consonants.
Phonotactics
- The language's main syllable structure is (C)N(F)
- C = Consonant
- N = Nucleus
- F = Alveolar Nasal
Sound Changes From Proto-Atyarau-Qi
Writing System
This language usually uses a heavily modified variation of the Korean alphabet in conjunction with a Chinese- based logography. The alphabet shown here is similar to the actual alphabet.
| Letter | ㄴ | ㅁ | ㆁ | ㄷ | ㅂ | ㄱ | ㅅ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound | /n/, ⟨n⟩ | /m/, /ɱ/, ⟨m⟩ | /ŋ/, ⟨ng⟩ | /t/, ⟨d⟩ | /p/, ⟨b⟩ | /k/, ⟨g⟩ | /s/, ⟨s⟩ |
| Letter | ᄼ | ᄾ | ㅈ | ᅎ | ᅐ | ㅊ | ᅔ |
| Sound | /ɕ/, ⟨x⟩ | /ʂ/, ⟨sh⟩ | /tsʰ/, ⟨c⟩ | /tɕʰ, ⟨q⟩ | /tʂʰ/, ⟨ch⟩ | /ts/, ⟨z⟩ | /tɕ/, ⟨j⟩ |
| Letter | ᅕ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅋ | ㆆ | ㄹ | ㅎ |
| Sound | /tʂ/, ⟨zh⟩ | /tʰ/, ⟨t⟩ | /pʰ/, ⟨p⟩ | /kʰ/, ⟨k⟩ | /r/, ⟨r⟩ | /l/, ⟨l⟩ | /x/, ⟨h⟩ |
| Letter | ㅡ | ㅜ | ㅏ | ㅣ | ㅑ | ㅗ | ㅓ |
| Sound | /i/, ⟨i⟩ | /y/, ⟨ui⟩ | /ɤ/, ⟨eo⟩ | /a/, ⟨a⟩ | /o/, ⟨o⟩ | /u/, ⟨u⟩ | /e/, ⟨e⟩ |
| Letter | ㅕ |  |
 |
||||
| Sound | /ɯ/, ⟨eu⟩ | /u̯/, ⟨u⟩ | /ɪ̯/, ⟨i⟩ |
Grammar
The language is SOV. Ahoreni is traditionally suffixing.
| Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Nouns | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adjectives | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Pronouns | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Noun phrases
Nouns in Ahoreni lack grammatical gender, articles and number. In order to show number and definiteness, the noun must be bound to a classifier.
Example 1: 애태왜猫 Etewemani, literally one [classifier- small animate] cat.
Example 2: 사왜猫 Sawemani, literally this [classifier- small animate] cat.
| Case | -a, ae, iu, i | -u, eu, e, o | -n, ng, m |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Nominative |
- Ø | - Ø | - Ø |
|
Accusative |
-yin | -un | -ate |
| Example | Tekagae > Tekagaeyin | Arawu > Arawun | Yoshon > Yoshonate |
|
Dative |
-yae | -geo | -amin |
| Example | Kita > Kitayae | Geo > Geogeo | Sabarun > Sabarunamin |
|
Genitive |
-ain | -non | -eoyo |
| Example | Ori > Orin | Oseu > Oseunon | Kagazen > Kagazeneoyo |
|
Vocative |
-qywan | -sun | - a |
| Example | Maexi > Maexiqywan |
Meyo > Meyosun |
Puran > Purana |
Ahoreni also uses postpositions to show spatial relations.
|
Definition |
Postposition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| In (Inessive) | eli | Inside the house. |
| At (Adessive) | ili | At the house. |
| To (Lative) | aidi | To the house, into the house. |
| From (Ablative) | iyiu | From the house. |
| Above, On top of, Upon (Superessive) | dweoseu | On the house. |
| Below, On the bottom of (Subessive) | laowa | Below the house. |
Demonstratives
Ahoreni has a four-way distinction between demonstratives, similar to the Northern Sami languages. (Proximal, Mesioproximal, Mesiodistal and Distal.)
| Demonstrative | Definition |
English Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| Sweo | Proximal | This |
| Nani |
Mesioproximal |
That (near you) |
| Qedeu | Mesiodistal |
That (same difference to both of us, rather near.) |
| Jan | Distal | That (far away) |
Classifiers
Classifiers, or counter words, work similarly to Chinese, and must be bound to a noun if one were to describe number or definiteness. Here is a list of the classifiers which are commonly used.
| Pronunciation | Example |
|---|---|
| Akeo | ~~ |
| Seum | Seeds, Snowflakes |
| Onca | Cars, Tigers |
| Mountains, Planets | |
| Humans, Deities | |
| Cats, Dogs | |
| Lions, Komodo Dragons | |
| Pencils, Rivers | |
| Drums, Bowls | |
| Insects, Fish |
Quantity
Many classifiers may be used to demonstrate quantity. They mostly descend from the morphemes for much, xyo, and the morpheme for less, gata.
| Meaning | Word |
|---|---|
|
Unspecified |
Xyogata |
| Pair | Shan |
| More than Two | Rung |
| Not Much | Boxyo |
| Not Few | Bogata |
| A Large Quantity | Taxyo |
| A Small Quantity | Tagata |
| Unspecified Amount (Questions) | Kaxi |
Numbers
| English | Sino-Xenic | Traditional |
|---|---|---|
| One | Yin | Yiuci |
| Two | Ni | Za |
| Three | San | Twe |
| Four | Si | Kani |
| Five | Ngo | Liu |
| Six | Lyung | Co |
| Seven | Tsin | Siba |
| Eight | Ban | Hai |
| Nine | Kyu | Nwa |
| Ten | Jim | Doseu |
| Hundred | Bang | Ungu |
| Thousand | Cen | ~ |
| Ten Thousand | Yiuan | Sha |
| Million | ~ | Eotweo |
| Hundred Million | Ying | Qyo |
| Billion | ~ | Pyiun |
| Trillion | Ryo | Mao |
Pronouns
Formal pronouns usually descend from words of Chinese origin. The second person formal pronouns are formed from a first person formal pronoun and the suffix -ili. Informal pronouns are usually native in origin. Reflexives Reflexives are formed by attaching the suffix -ki to the respective pronoun.
Adjectives
Adjectives must occur before a noun.
Verbs
The verb system of Ahoreni is somewhat complex.
| Mood | Polarity | Voice | Aspect | Tense |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| - indicative |
- affirmative |
- active |
- simple |
- present |
| -keon, ken- conditional |
-abe, bi- negative |
-be, iba- passive |
-zeon, zen- progressive |
-can- past |
| -kyo, ki- jussive |
-wan- perfective |
-ho, hiu- future | ||
| -hwa- imperative |
-han- inchoative |
|||
| -yi, eu- inferential |
||||
| -jiu, du- subjunctive |
||||
|
-kywai, kwau-epistemic |
Mood
- Indicative - States a fact witnessed by the speaker, in some direct form. -"I feel/hear/see/etc. him running"
- Conditional - Indicates that an action depends on another event -"If the motion of his legs is propelling him forward, he is running"
- Jussive - Indicates a desire -"I want to run"
- Imperative - Indicates a command -"You must run"
- Inferrential - Indicates a fact not witnessed directly by the speaker. -"John Doe told me he was running"
- Subjunctive - Indicates a thought -"I am thinking that he is running"
- Epistemic- Indicates a statement deemed possible
Aspect
Auxillary Verbs
Similarily to many other inflecting languages, the auxillary verb in Ahoreni is irregularily conjugated.
Particles
The particle "iye" is used to form yes/no questions.
Syntax
Lexicon
Example text
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.