Agriculture, Flora[]
- máθïl, máulnas - n. [*mạθul]
- olive, olive tree
- fiðnátšïs, fiðnažúnas - n. [*fịθanatšus]
- rice crop
- sëdárë, sëdájnas - n. [*so-dạre]
- berry, small fleshy stoneless fruit
Chemistry[]
- kírïs, kînas - n. [*kịris]
- seasalt; sodium chloride
- kír-il, kígh-ø̄n, k-îdē - vi. adj. [*kịrīl, *kịrīwūn, *kịrīdeji]
- be salty, have a salty taste
- kírï, kírās - adj. [*kịri]
- with a sour or salty taste, sour, salty
Avians, Flight[]
- gháprï, ghavrínas - n. [*ḡạpri]
- pigeon
- fújä, fûnas - n. [*fụjo]
- bird, avian
- síp-al, sím-ōn, sim-ádē - vi. [*sịpāl, sịpāwūn, sịpādeji]
- fly, glide on air
Felines[]
- θálä, θálās - n. [*θạlo]
- cat, small household feline
- Remark: morphologically shaped like an adjective, though probably not a nominalisation of anything attested
Decay[]
- básïs, báunas - n. [*bạsus]
- stench
- bás-ul, báz-ūn, báudē - vi/vt. [*bạsūl, *bạsūwūn, *bạsūdeji]
- itr. stink, smell, reek
- trn. cause to stink, cause to smell
- húmmë, húmmās - adj. [*hụmma]
- rotten, decayed, festered
- húmm-al, húm-ōn, hum-ádē - vi. adj. [*hụmmāl, *hụmmāwūn, *hụmmādeji]
- be rotten, festered
- rot, fall apart, decay, fester
Vision, Optics[]
- ák-al, ág-ōn, agh-ádē - vt. [*ạkāl, *ạkāwūn, *ạkādeji]
- see, spot
- áku, aghúnas - n. [*ạkuw]
- eye
- Remarks: in addition to the regular plural paradigm that stems from <aghútis>, the noun has a dual form that follows the nominative dual in <aghúpis>
- kórp-al, kórb-ōn, korv-ádē - vt. [*kọrpāl, *kọrpāwūn, *kọrpādeji]
- reflect (of light)
- by extension reflect, bounce off self (of generic objects)
- by extension put off, make uninterested in self (of people)
- (trim the edges off of, remove edges from)
Motion, Lation[]
- fént:al-járä, fénd:ōn-járä, fenn:ádē-járä - vt. [*fẹntāl, *fẹntāwūn, *fẹntādeji; + fossilised directional -járä]
- pluck out, sharply pull out (of flowers)
- pull on, sharply pull on, quickly tug on
- extract by quickly pulling out
- kúll-ul, kúl-ūn, kugh-údē - vi/vt. [*kụllūl, *kụllūwūn, *kụllūdeji]
- itr. arch. arrive, come
- trn. owe, be about to pay (a certain sum of money, recompensation in immonetary value)
- kállë, kaghánas - n. [*kạlla]
- way, road, path, direction of motion
- kúll-al, kúl-ōn, kugh-ádē - vi. [*kụllāl, *kụllāwūn, *kụllādeji]
- run, sprint, dash
- rík-al, ríg-ōn, righ-ádē - vi. [*rịkāl, *rịkāwūn, *rịkādeji]
- stand, be erect upright, be located
- táx-al, tág-ōn, tagh-ádē - vt. [*tạxāl, *tạxāwūn, *tạxādeji]
- swim towards, swim to, swim in the direction of
- pátts-al, páts-ōn, paz-ádē - vi/vt. [*pạttsāl, *pạttsāwūn, *pạttsādēji]
- itr. leave, go, depart from present location
- trn. leave, depart
Metallurgy[]
- θâtën, θāðánas - n. [*θạtan]
- gold
- ség, ségnas (sénngas) - n. [from a Northern source, via trade]
- lead, molybdenum
- sáfrë, safránas - n. [*sạfra]
- iron
- mîpä, mīvónas - n. [*miẹpo]
- silver
- véssët, vessánas - n. [from Bassani véssəd]
- patina, thin oxide layer, verdigris
- hémmë, hevénas - n. [*hẹnme]
- copper
- gírët - n. [from Bassani gjírəd]
- rust, iron oxide
Astronomy[]
- mīvágän, mīváunas - n. [mīv-ágän]
- one who is in the stars/among the heavens
- mīvírës, mīvírās - adj. [mīv-írës]
- silvery
- stellar, extraterrestrial
- heavenly, divine
- θāðágän, θāðáunas - n. [θạta-ágän]
- the Sun; Hêlios
- sâmï, sâuna - n. [*sạ̄mu]
- the Sun;
Physiology[]
- sárrïs, saghúnas - n. [*sạrrus]
- fracture
- sárr-ul, sár-ūn, sagh-údē - vt. [*sạrrūl, *sạrrūwūn, *sạrrūdeji]
- to break, to fracture, to crack
- atánnï, atëghúnas - n. [*atạnnu]
- tactile feeling, sensation of touch
Anatomy[]
- mážë, mážās - n. irr. [mạža]
- vertebra
- Remark: derives from an obsolete adjective, "crooked, wry, odd-shaped", that became nominalised.
Hydrology[]
- míghï, mînas - n. [*mịḡi]
- water
- sálëθ, sânas - n. [*sạlaθ]
- sea
- gáirïs, gáirïnas - n. [*gạjirus]
- river, river flow; river bed
- gáir-ul, gáigh-ūn, gaj-údē - vi. [*gạjirūl, *gạjirūwūn, *gạjirūdeji]
- flow (of rivers, liquids)
- θít-al, θíd-ōn, θið-ádē - vt. [*θịtāl, *θịtāwūn, *θịtādeji]
- bring, carry, deliver (of rain, water, bodies of water)
Existence[]
- sä:gútt-ul, sä:gút-ūn, sä:gud-údē - vt. [*sogụttūl, *sogụttūwūn, *sogụttūdeji]
- destroy, annihilate
- unmake, reverse the process of creation of
- render false, render untrue
- kím-ël, kím-un, kî-dē - vt. mort. [*kịmal, *kịmawūn, *kịmadeji]
- make, create
- render true
- kélp-il, kélb-ø̄n, kelv-ídē - vt. [*kẹlpīl, *kẹlpīwūn, *kẹlpīdeji]
- cause +inf.obl
- cause, cause to happen
- do, perform, carry out
- gíttës, gíttās - adj. [*gịttas]
- all of, each, the whole of
- Remark: even when used with a singular noun, it triggers plural object agreement in the verb.
- žujá - postp/clit. [*žu-jạ]
- its own, its very, its very own
- Remark: refers the item back as a concrete possession of the subject, emphasising the relationship; attaches as a clitic to an inflected noun phrase, though it behaves semantically much like a postpositional.
- gítt-āl, gít-ōn, gið-ádē - vi. adj.
- be whole, be complete, include all of what normally constitutes self
- tšáprïs, tšáprās - adj. [*tšạprus]
- unique
- only, none other than
Anthropology[]
Agriculture[]
- bírmë, bighénas - n. [*bịrre]
- head of cattle; head of dragon (as a unit of measure)
- bírmë, bírmë - n. [*bịrma]
- cattle; dragon cattle (mass noun)
- Remark: Bäladiri mass nouns merge the accusative into the nominative
- njúim-al, njúiv-ōn, njuj-ádē - vt. [*ñụjmāl, *ñụjmāwūn, *ñụjmādeji]
- slaughter (of cattle) for nutritional (not sacrificial) purposes
Architecture[]
- kúbïs, kuvínas - n. [*kụbis]
- house, home, family residence
Names[]
- Belágän, Beláunas [bel-ágän]
- the black one, Black
- díss-ul, dís-ūn, diz-údē - vt. [*dịssūl, *dịssūwūn, *dịssūdēji]
- trn. erg call sby. (acc) sth. (nom)
- trn. acc call self nom
Music[]
- géss-al, gés-ōn, gez-ádē - vi/vt. [*gẹssāl, *gẹssāwūn, *gẹssādeji]
- itr. perform, play music, produce music (in general)
- trn. use instrument (acc) so as to produce music, play, perform
- láuk-al, láug-ōn, lāgh-ádē - vi/vt. [*lạwakāl, *lạwakāwūn, *lạwakādeji]
- itr. sing, produce melody with voice
- trn. sing, hum (of songs, melodies)
Art[]
- bárë, bânas [*bạr-a]
- incision, etching, groove
- búr-ul, búgh-un, bugh-údē - vt. [*bạr- —> *bụr-ūl]
- draw, sketch, etch out, inscribe
Logic[]
- fólpïn, folvínas - n. [*folpịn (loanword)]
- cause, reason, precondition
- folvi-sék:ul, folvi-ség:ūn, folvi-segh:údē - vt/vi. [folvi-sek:ul]
- trn. debate, discuss with
- itr. debate (of a collective; reciprocal)
Faces, Masks[]
- gísmä, gisvónas - n. [*gịsmo]
- bare face, one's uncovered visage
- véumä, veuvónas - n. [*vẹomo]
- covered/masked face
- veuvílïn, veuvînas - n. [veuv-ilïn]
- mask
Kinship[]
- súngë, sûnas - n. [*sụŋa(s)]
- brother
- súg-al, súng-ōn, sugh-ádē - vi/vt. [*sụgāl, *sụgāwūn, *sụgādeji]
- itr. be a brother
- trn. be a brother to
- úkät, ughónas - n. [*ụkot]
- kinsman
- mírïs, mînas - n. [*mịris]
- brother, close male cousin
- gópär, gomónas - n. [*gọpor]
- child; young member of family (narrow/extended)
- gájtë, gajðánas - n. [*gạjita]
- ancestor
- gújt-ul, gújd-ūn, gujð-údē - vt. [*gụjitūl, *gụjitūwūn, *gụjitūdeji]
- be descended from
- pílï, pilínas - n. [*pịkli]
- mother
- géughë, géunas - n. [*gẹoḡa]
- father
Age[]
- gǿnt-al, gǿnd-ōn, gøv-ádē - vi. [*gẹmtāl, *gẹmtāwūn, *gẹmtādeji]
- have own hair grow grey
Honour[]
- sánä, sánās - adj. [*sạno]
- brave, courageous
- rátt-al, rát-ōn, rad-ádē - vt. [*rạttāl, *rạttāwūn, *rạttādeji]
- frighten, terrify, cause/instill fear in
- gés-al, géz-ōn, gê-dē - vt. [*gẹsāl, *gẹsāwūn, *gẹsādeji]
- guard, protect, watch over, ward
- rear/bring up (of children)
Control[]
- náppës, namánas - n. [*nạppas]
- fetters, reins, chains
- nápp-al, náp-ōn, nam-ádē - vt. [*nạppāl, *nạppāwūn, *nạppādeji]
- bind, chain; control, keep on a leash
Politics[]
- nábïl, náulnas - n. [*nạbul]
- Imperial emissary, Imperial governor
- láθï, lânas - n. [*lạθi]
- slavery/serfdom in the Imperial system; Imperial serfdom
- ärkádžï, ärkáunas - n. [*ärkạ-džu (loanword)]
- leader, chieftain, duke
- ägúrrë, ägúrrās - adj. [*o:kụ̄rra]
- independent
- ilúnnë, ilughánas - n. [*ilụmna < *i-lụna]
- ally
- bädím-il, bädív-ø̄n, bädî-dē - vi. adj. [*bọdimīl, *bọdimīwūn, *bọdimīdeji]
- be convenient, be easy, be easily managed, be easily accomplished, be simple to perform
- zdóš-al, zdóš-ōn, zdož-âdē - vi/vt. [from earlier Gholla, compare Gholla zdošyan "give self"]
- itr. fien. become a vassal
- itr. be a vassal
- trn. swear fealty to, pledge allegiance to
- trn. align self with sth. (political group, religion, denomination, organisation etc.)
Ethnology[]
- bénër, bénās - n. [*bẹnar]
- nation, ethnic group, people, folk
- Remarks: a nominalised adjective; the adjectival semantics are unattested in Bäladiri. The noun takes plural agreement even when it is singular in form.
Religion[]
- ráx-al, rág-ōn, rav-údē - vt. irr. mud. [*rạxn̄l, *rạxn̄wūn, *rạxn̄deji]
- taboo trn. eat flesh from a being of the same species, cannibalise the dead
- múpp-ul, múp-ūn, mub-údē - vt. mud. [*mụppm̄l, *mụppm̄wūn, *mụppm̄deji]
- taboo trn. eat flesh from a living being; cannibalise the living
- kánj-al, káj-ōn, ká-udē - vt. irr. mud. [*kạñm̄l, *kạñm̄wūn, *kạñm̄deji]
- rel. trn. divine sth. by cracking human bones over a fire
- nárg-al, nárg-ōn, nárg-ádē - vt. [*nạrgāl, *nạrgāwūn, *nạrgādeji]
- taboo trn. desecrate by ingesting, eating
- mīvirômë, mīvirônas - n. [mīv-írë-ómë]
- divinity, godhood
- júttšë, južénas - n. [*jụtše]
- soul, essence, lifeforce
- géutë, géutās - adj. [*gẹota]
- dead; lifeless (of organic matter)
- géut-al, géud-ōn, geuð-ádē - vi. adj. [*gẹotāl, *gẹotāwūn, *gẹotādeji]
- be dead, be lifeless (of organic matter)
- kút-ul, kúd-ūn, kuð-údē - vi/vt. [*kụtūl, *kụtūwūn, *kụtūdeji]
- itr. pray in chants, pray through music, sing prayers
- trn. sing (a song, prayer)
- läkárrës, läkaghánas - n. [from Gholla lakoreloraph "charitability"]
- selflessness, charitability
- state of lacking avarice
- open-heartedness, acceptingness
Food Production[]
- sínngë, sínngas - n. [*sịŋŋa]
- cooked snake
- áf-al, áv-ōn, â-dē - vi. [*ạfāl, *ạfāwūn, *ạfādeji]
- to cook, boil, fizzle (of liquids, foods)
- andúnë, andúnas - n. [*anduna]
- millstone, mill
- ysám-il, ysáv-ø̄n, ysái-dē - vt. [*y:sạmīl, *y:sạmīwūn, *y:sạmīdeji]
- to brew, cook, boil, ferment
- brásë, braðánas - n. [*brạsa]
- flour; rice flour
- bras-sék:ul, bras-ség:ūn, bras-segh:údē - vi/vt. [bras-sek:ul]
- itr. to work the fields; work in agriculture; cultivate wheat, cultivate rice
- trn. to cultivate sth. (a plant)
Personality[]
- káumën, kāmánas - n. [*kạwaman]
- moron, idiot, untrustworthy individual, dishonourable individual
- káumë, káumās - adj. [*kạwama]
- moronic, idiotic, stupid, intellectually defective
- dípël, dimánas - n. [*dịpal]
- uncreative/narrowminded individual
- dimírës, dimírās - adj. [dimë-írës]
- uncreative, narrowminded, dull, mechanical
- Remarks: has a doublet in <dimájrës, dimájrās>
Philosophy[]
- ïpáx-al, ïpág-ōn, ïpav-ádē - vi. [*i-pạxāl]
- lament, bemoan, complain
Aesthetics[]
- játïs, jaðúsas - n. [*jạrus]
- beauty, excellence in aesthetics
- ját-ul, jád-ūn, jað-údē - vi/vt. [*jạtūl, *jạtūwūn, *jạtūdeji]
- itr. be pretty
- trn. cause to be pretty, beautify, decorate
- kórp-al, kórb-ōn, korv-ádē - vt. [*kọrpāl, *kọrpāwūn, *kọrpādeji]
- trim the edges off of, remove edges from
- smoothen, make less rough
- make harmonious, make fitting
- make inconspicuous
- (reflect (of light), cause to bounce off self (of generic objects), put off (of people))
Secrecy[]
- gáddž-al, gádž-ōn, gaž-ádē - vi/vt. [*gạddžāl, *gạddžāwūn, *gạddžādeji]
- itr. sneak, crawl, move while outside field of vision
- itr. move unnoticed, move unnoticeably
- trn. steal, take, confiscate
- sïnkóirë, sïnkoiránas - n. [from Gholla sinnakoryā "secrecy, reluctance to divulge one's identity]
- secrecy; informational opaqueness
- lack of trust
- lack of honesty
Clothing, Decoration[]
- sûdël, sūnénas - n. [*sụ̄dnel]
- fur, fur clothing article
- mīvéllën, mīveghénas - n. [mīv-ellën]
- item of silver jewellery; silver ring
- sóp-al, sób-ōn, som-ádē - vt. [*sọpāl, *sọpāwūn, *sọpādeji]
- carry on one's surface, wear; be decorated by
- kâmmäš, kāvónas - n. [*kạ̄mmoš]
- hunting charm, hunting trinket, hunter's good luck charm
- rëlúðä, rëlûnas - n. [from Gholla oraludhyō "hunting haul"]
- hunting haul, caught prey
- food brought back from a hunt
- hunting trophy
Textile[]
- fárghë, faghánas - n. [*fạrḡa]
- canvas, sturdy cloth; sailcloth, sail canvas
Emotions[]
- úkät, ughónas - n. [*ụko-t]
- happiness
- páxït, paxúnas - n. [*pạxu-t]
- contentness, positivity
Warfare, Conflict[]
- šînngë, šīghánas - n. [*šīŋŋa]
- army; encampment
- kórr-il, kór-ø̄n, kogh-áidē - vi/vt. [from Gholla korēn "surrender"]
- itr. surrender, give up, cease fighting
- itr. relent under pressure, give in
- itr. falter, collapse, give in (of geological or architectural structures)
- trn. surrender to sby.
- trn. give in and be taken prisoner by sby.
Subterfuge[]
- ïbís-al, ïbíz-ōn, ïb-êdē - vt. [*i-bịsāl, *i-bịsāwūn, *i-bịsādeji]
- conceal, hide
- läbís-al, läbíz-ōn, läb-êdē - vt. [*lo-bịsāl, *lo-bịsāwūn, *lo-bịsādeji]
- uncover, unhide, discover, find, discover the location of
- záttš-al, zátš-ōn, zaž-ádē - vt. [from Gholla zošyan "give"]
- pay tribute to, give tribute to
- pay sby. off
- give as tribute; offer as gift
Wealth, Commerce[]
- móšpï, možvúnas - n. [*mọčpu]
- wealth, riches
- možvágän, možváunas - n. [možv-agän]
- wealthy/rich individual
- fúrgh-ul, fúr-ūn, fugh-údē - vi/vt. [*fụrḡūl, *fụrḡūwūn, *fụrḡūdeji]
- itr. be expected to pay up, be thought of as someone who pays up
- itr. pay, use money as the preferred means of commerce
- trn. pay (in money) for, pay money for
- Remark: has a synonymous doublet in fúrvul
Morality, Free Will[]
- kóts-ul, kóz-ūn, koð-údē - vt. [*kọtsūl, *kọtsūwūn, *kọtsūdeji]
- pick, choose, elect, end up prefering
- kótsïs, koðúnas - n. [*kọtsus]
- choice, pick
- kéng-il, kégh-ø̄n, kéidē - vi. adj. [*kẹŋīl, *kẹŋīwūn, *kẹŋīdeji]
- be right, be correct, be true
- sétt-il, sét-ø̄n, sed-ídē - vt. [*sẹttīl, *sẹttīwūn, *sẹttīdeji]
- kill, murder, take life from a conscious being or entity
Mental[]
- lä-gúrïs - n. [lä-*gụris]
- carelessness, recklessness, lack of reckoning; involuntary irresponsibility
- lägúr-il, lägúgh-ø̄n, lägújdē - vi. [*lo-gụrīl, *lo-gụrīwūn, *lo-gụrīdeji]
- not care, be careless
- ïgúr-il, ïgúgh-ø̄n, ïgújdē - vi/vt. [*i-gụrīl, *i-gụrīwūn, *i-gụrīdeji]
- itr. be careful, pay attention
- itr. be paranoid; overthink (in general)
- trn. overthink (sth.)
- trn. monitor, observe
- trn. pay attention to; show special interest in
- itr. be understanding, be compassionate
- trn. show interest in, understand
- lûtt-al, lût-ōn, lūd-ádē - vt. [*lụwtāl, *lụwtāwūn, *lụwtādeji]
- intuitively know, be aware of
- intuit, realise without conscious action/based on previous experience
- be (intuitively) familiar with
- ïkóg-il, ïkóv-ø̄n, ïkójdē - vt. [*i-kọxnīl, *i-kọxnīwūn, *i-kọxnīdeji]
- intend to do +inf.obl
- intend to make
- measure out (of fabric)
- súttët, sudánas - n. [*sụttat]
- dream, nighttime visions
Verbal[]
- géss-al, gés-ōn, gez-ádē - vt. [*gẹčsāl, *gẹčsāwūn, gẹčsādeji]
- trn. argue with, quarrel with, debate (sby)
- trn. engage in debate with, confront
- gémbë, gevánas - n. [*gemba]
- derog. imbecile, cretin
- derog. bitch (of women)
Numbers, Order[]
- gérë, gérās - adj. [*gẹra]
- previous, former, the last counted
- gér-al, gégh-ōn, g-êdē - vi. adj. [*gẹrāl, *gẹrāwūn, *gẹrādeji]
- be the previous, be the former, be the last counted
- páθï, pájnas - n. [*pạṯi]
- end, termination
- púθ-il, púð-ø̄n, p-ŷdē - vi. adj. [*pụṯīl, *pụṯīwūn, *pụṯīdeji]
- to be the final, terminal, last in line
- púθï, púθās - adj. [*pụṯi]
- final, terminal, last
Geography, Geology[]
- párpï, parvínas - n. [*pạrpi]
- bottom, geometrical/geographical lowest limit; sea floor
- sáččät, sažónas - n. [*sạtšot]
- boulder
- súčč-ul, súč-ūn, suž-údē - vt. [*sụtšūl, *sụtšūwūn, *sụtšūdeji]
- block the path/flow of (a river, stream)
- géšmï, gežvúnas - n. [*gẹčmu]
- rocky protrusion, cliff, promontory
- mêrët, mêrās - n. [*mẹ̄rat]
- world, existence
- Remarks: a nominalised adjective; the adjectival semantics are unattested in Bäladiri
Time[]
- sérrë, sérrās - adj. [*sẹrra]
- imminent, upcoming
- adv. obl imminently, soon, 'about to'
- sájkä, sájkās - adj. [*sạjko]
- current, present, up-to-date
- adv. obl currently, now
- géssës, géssās - adj. [*gẹssas]
- recent, near (in time)
- adv. obl a short while ago, a short while in the future, recently, imminently
- sajvómë, sajvônas - n. [sajk-omë]
- present
- current time; current era
- the modern age
- íššï, ižúnas - n. [*ịššu]
- day, daytime
- zútä, zuðónas - n. [*zụto]
- moon, month, period of ~49 days
- gémïk, géuna - n. [*gẹmuk]
- year; period of ~628 days
- gámmï, gavúnas - n. [*gạmmu]
- night, nighttime
- day (from midnight to midnight)
- kírr-il, kír-ø̄n, kigh-ídē - vi. [*kịḡrīl, *kịḡrīwūn, *kịḡrīdeji]
- pass (of time)
- gúmmï, gúmmās - adj. [*gụmmu]
- nocturnal, nighttime, nightly
- adv. obl today
- ýžël, ýžās - n. [*ẏžal]
- morning, dawn
- kísë, kísās - adj. [*kịsa]
- later in time
- adv. obl later, later in time; thus, afterwards
- góngä, góngās - adj [*gọŋka]
- earlier in time
- adv. obl before, prior, just now
- postp. obl before, prior to
Weather[]
- bîfël, bîlnas - n. [*bị̄fil]
- hoarfrost; frost on leaves
- frozen dew
- frostbite
Colours[]
- bélë, bênas - n. [*bẹle]
- black, blackness
- bél-il, bégh-ø̄n, bé-idē - vi. adj [*bẹlīl, *bẹlīwūn, *bẹlīdeji]
- be black, be very dark; be in the shadows
- sókkïs, soghínas - n. [*sọkkis]
- dim blue, blue-grey, cool grey
- sókk-il, sók-ø̄n, sogh-ídē - vt. [*sọkkīl, *sọkkīwūn, *sọkkīdeji]
- dye blue, dye grey
- beat up
- flood, drench
Conjunctions[]
- ší .... ší - conj. [*ši]
- either .... or
- gáitä - conj. [from gál and the inherited cliticised conjunction *to]
- and, as well as, adding, in addition to
- grántä - conj. [from gál and the inherited cliticised conjunction *to]
- thus, afterwards, adding to that, in addition
- tä - conj. [*to]
- and; cliticised conjunction that binds two verbs without directly and independently subordinating either
- and; conjunction that binds two simple NPs that agree in case
- Remarks: is used to tie a subordinated verb to its superordinated clause
Demonstratives[]
- jak- - mmf. [*njak-]
- so, in a manner close to me
- this one, like this one
- Remark: forms various demonstratives and undergoes lenition
- jagháttšë, jaghažánas - n. [jak-*ačča]
- this place, here, these surroundings
- jákës, jákās - adj. [jak-*as]
- this, this one, like this
- jaghámën, jagháunas - n. [jak-amën]
- this individual, this thing, this one
- jághmï, jaghmās - adj. [jak=mï]
- now, present, current
- leuk- - mmf. [*la-njak-]
- in any manner, in any way
- any one, like any
- Remark: forms various demonstratives and undergoes lenition
- leughámën, leugháunas - n. [leuk-amën]
- any individual, any thing, anything
Interrogatives[]
- zat- - mmf. [*nzat-]
- which out of many, which out of two
- Remark: forms various interrogatives and undergoes lenition
- zállë, zállës - intr. [zat-lë]
- what, which
Quantity[]
- géntër, géntās - adj. [*gẹntar]
- some of, a number of
Metamodifiers[]
- žōr - mmf. [*žuar]
- so, in such a way (pseudo-demonstrative without a reference)
- in a large way, in an extremely large amount
- inconcievably, immeasurably
Postpositions[]
- ójï - postp. [*ọju]
- +obl: coming from obl down towards the speaker
- ózï - postp. [*ọzu]
- +obl: coming from obl up towards the speaker
- súrï - postp. [*sụri]
- +obl: coming from the primary verb argument towards obl
- +obl: given by the primary verb argument to obl
- šë - postp. [*ša]
- +obl: carrying obl
- +erg: accompanying erg
- járä - postp. [*jạro]
- +obl: out of (the interior of) and away from obl
- zárä - postp. [*zạro]
- +obl: into (the interior) and towards obl
- já - postp. [*jạ]
- +obl: obl's; marks both inalienable and alienable concrete possession
- sántë - postp. [*sạnta]
- +obl: obl's; marks abstract possessive relationships, such as kinship and abstract possessed objects.
- Remarks: the postposition has an unstressed alternant in <sën>
- sū - postp. [*sū]
- +obl: about/concerning obl; statically atop of obl
- jí - postp. [*ji]
- +obl: not knowing (about) obl
- zä - postp. [*zo]
- +obl: on the surface of obl
- +erg: in (a conversation, book, mass of content, dream) erg
- gët - postp. [*gat]
- +obl: on the surface of obl
- njër - postp. [*ñer]
- +obl: beyond, across, on the other side of obl
- yn - postp. [*ịun]
- +obl: because of, due to, in agreement/support of obl
- Remark: epenthetically takes after vowels /l/
Possessives[]
- jághï - part. poss. [já-ïghï]
- my, mine
- Remarks: a possessive particle that syntactically behaves like an adjective but doesn't inflect; is the result of an unproductive postposition prefixation process onto clitic pronouns
Copuloids[]
- lâ - part. cop. [*lạ̄]
- not, isn't
Light Verbs[]
- áθ-il, áð-ø̄n, áidē - vl. [*ạθīl, *ạθīwūn, *ạθīdeji]
- have to, must, be obliged to, ought to; + inf.obl
- xír-il, xígh-ø̄n, xîdē - vl. [*xịrīl, *xịrīwūn, *xịrīdeji]
- almost do; fail to, barely be unable to, try to; + inf.obl
- g-ál, g-ôn, g-áde - vl. [*gal, *gaun, *gadeji]
- add, increment
- Remarks: the verb is obsolescent and used primarily in fixed lexical items
- úr-ël, úgh-un, úd-dē - vl. mort. [*ụral, *ụrawūn, *ụradeji]
- have to, ought to; + inf.obl
- Remarks: the verb is used to make imperatives as Bäladiri doesn't mark imperatives morphologically
- gh-ûl, gh-ûn, g-ûdē - vl. cop. [*ḡụ̄l, *ḡụ̄wūn, *gụ̄deji]
- continue being, remain + adj.obl
- Remarks: the verb has a copulative character
Derivations[]
Noun–Verb Pairs[]
One of the more common correspondences between noun-verb pairs is that of coordinate cognates: nouns that ended in one of { *-as *-is *-us } will most frequently have a verb formed directly from the same root that is respectively either earthy, solar or lunar. This is visible in coordinated pairs such as ‹náppës :: náppal› (fetters :: to bind) and ‹gáirïs :: gáirul› (river :: to flow).
Many noun roots without a nominal suffix that corresponds to a verbal equivalent have verb analogues with ablaut; a common alternation is <a — u> (noun-to-verb), as with <bárë :: búrul> (incision :: to draw).
Noun-to-Verb Derivations[]
All productive Bäladiri N→V derivational suffix complexes are bi- or trisyllabic and have a monosyllabic 'core' and a thematic vowel; some non-productive suffixes remain that are monosyllabic or that have four or more syllables. All suffixes cause a stress shift and accompanying lenition.
- -sek:ul, -seg:ūn, -segh:údē - vi. [*-sekūl, *-sekūwūn, *-sekūdeji]
- to work so as to acquire noun
Noun-to-Noun Derivations[]
- -ágän, -áunas [*-akon, *-akonās]
- one who embodies the concept of, one who has the properties of
- -ílïn, -înas [*-ilin, *-ilinās]
- intrinsic to, essential to, vital part of
- -éllën, -eghénas [*-ellen, -ellenās]
- that which is made of, that which is wrought out of, that which is made up of
Noun-to-Adjective Derivations[]
- -írës, -írās [*-iras, *-ira-ās]
- reminding of, resembling, having the characteristics of (a member of the set of)
Adjective-to-Noun Derivations[]
- -ómë, -ônas [*-oma, *-oma-nās]
- forms abstract, conceptual nouns related to the adjective
Verbal Prefixes[]
- lä-, lë- [*lo-, *la-, *le-]
- forms antonyms from some verbs
- sä- [*a:so-, *so-]
- forms revertives from verbs