| Dar Dlej Darho | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| Synthetic | |||
| Alignment | |||
| Austronesian | |||
| Head direction | |||
| right | |||
| Tonal | |||
| No | |||
| Declensions | |||
| Yes | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| Yes | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
General[]
Dlej Darho ([ˈtɬe̞ʝ ˈtɑ̘ɻhɯ̽], literally Language of the Dar river) is a language spoken along the Dar river on the planet Aetho.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Radical | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | |||||
| Nasal | n | |||||
| Plosive | tenuis | t | tɬ | k | ʔ | |
| aspirated | tʰ | tɬʰ | kʰ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ɬ | ç~x | h | |
| voiced | z | ɮ~l | ʝ~ɣ | |||
| Approximant | ɻ | j | ɰ | |||
- The dorsal fricatives are palatal after front vowels and velar after back vowels.
- /t/ is reduced to a flap intervocalically.
d, dl, g, q, t, tlh, k, s, lh, ch, h, z, l, j, r, y, w
Vowels[]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɯ |
| Mid | e̞ | ɤ̞ |
| Low | ɑ̘ |
- When unstressed, /i/, /ɯ/, and /a/ become [ɪ], [ɯ̽], and [ə] respectively.
- /e/ and /ɤ/ merge with /i/ and /ɯ/ respectively when unstressed.
i, u, e, o, a
Nouns[]
Verbs[]
Dar has what is known as a trigger system or an Austronesian alignment. Basically verbs only have one argument (the trigger). Verbs are marked for the function of the trigger (agent, patient, location, benefactor, instrument). Verbs also conjugate for tense (simple, aorist, future).
Voice[]
Voice is the function of the trigger.
- Ergative voice: the trigger is the agent, ex. Dlejis kayez "The device talks"
- Accusative voice: the trigger is the patient, ex. Dlejin kayez "The device is talked to"
- Locative voice: the trigger is the location, ex. Dlejidl kayez "Talking happens at the device"
- Benefactive voice: the trigger is the benefactor, ex. Dlejiru kayez "Talking happens for the device"
- Instrumental voice: the trigger is the instrument. ex. Dlejika kayez "Talking happens with the device"
Tense[]
The Simple tense is a non-future imperfective (I am/was going). The Aorist is a past perfective (I went/have gone). The Future is a future undefined for perfectiveness (I will go).
Conjugation[]
Verbs come in one of four classes, three thematic: I, A, and U, and one athematic.
I class verbs, ex. dlejis "talking" Dlejio nogu sa serad. "I have talked to him." Dlejion sera se nogud. "He has been talked to by me."
| Simple | Future | Aorist | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERG | dlejis | dlejidi | dlejio |
| ACC | dlejin | dlejidin | dlejion |
| LOC | dlejidl | dlejidilh | dlejiolh |
| BENE | dlejiru | dlejidiru | dlejioru |
| INSTR | dlejika | dlejidiga | dlejioga |
A class verbs, ex. twachas "biting"
| Simple | Future | Aorist | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERG | twachas | twachadi | twachayo |
| ACC | twachan | twachadin | twachayon |
| LOC | twachadl | twachadilh | twachayolh |
| BENE | twacharu | twachadiru | twachayoru |
| INSTR | twachaka | twachadiga | twachayoga |
U class verbs, ex. zondrus "running"
| Simple | Future | Aorist | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERG | zondrus | zondrudi | zondruyo |
| ACC | zondrun | zondrudin | zondruyon |
| LOC | zondrudl | zondrudilh | zondruyolh |
| BENE | zondruru | zondrudiru | zondruyoru |
| INSTR | zondruka | zondrudiga | zondruyoga |
Athematic verbs, ex. ladz "having" Ladz nogu. "I have it."
| Simple | Future | Aorist | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERG | ladz | lade | lau |
| ACC | la | laden | lauch |
| LOC | lal | ladelh | laul |
| BENE | laru | laderu | lauru |
| INSTR | laka | ladega | lauga |