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Dempa language

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Dempa language is created by KOS-MOS in 2008.

Dempa language is a language used in the 59th world, it's used to be spoken widely among the Northern part of the Graphite Continent(Steinem(a)es Grouzhland in Koolesh language) in the 59th world, but now it has been extinct.

Contents

[edit] Phonology

[edit] Vowels

monophthongs
Front Back
High ɪ ʊ
Mid ɛ ɔ
Low a
Diphthong
Front-end Back-end
Front-initial ɛɪ̯ ɛʊ̯
Back-initial ɔɪ̯ ɔʊ̯
  • /a/ is in fact a centralized vowel
  • Vowel lengths are not distinguished in Dempa language.
  • Diphthong are falling diphthongs.

[edit] Consonants

Bilabials Dental/Aveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasals m n ŋ
Plosives p pʰ b t tʰ d k kʰ ɡ ʔ
Affricates ʦ ʦʰ
Fricatives ɸ s x h
Semivowels j ɰ
Liquids r l
  • /n/, /t/, /tʰ/, and /d/ are mostly dental consonants; /s/, /r/ and /l/ are mostly aveolar consonants.

[edit] Latin Transcriptions of Dempa language

  • A - /a/
  • B - /b/
  • D - /d/
  • E - /ɛ/
  • EI - /ɛɪ̯/
  • EU - /ɛʊ̯/
  • F - /ɸ/
  • G - /ɡ/
  • NG - /ŋ/(NGG - /ŋɡ/; NK - /ŋk/)
  • H - /h/
  • I - /ɪ/
  • K - /k/
  • KH - /kʰ/
  • L - /l/
  • M - /m/
  • N - /n/
  • O - /ɔ/
  • OI - /ɔɪ̯/
  • OU - /ɔʊ̯/
  • P - /p/
  • PH - /pʰ/
  • R - /r/
  • S - /s/
  • T - /t/
  • TH - /tʰ/
  • U - /ʊ/
  • W - /ɰ/
  • X - /x/
  • Y - /j/
  • Z - /ʦ/
  • ZH - /ʦʰ/
  • ' - /ʔ/

[edit] Grammar

[edit] Nouns

  • Numbers:
    • Plural:-(a)t
    • Collective:-(a)pa
  • Cases:
    • Ergative:-(a)ka
    • Genitive:-(a)zek
    • Locative:-(a)lep/-(a)le

[edit] Verbs

  • Order of suffixes:(Verb root)-(Aux verb root)-(Aspects)-(Moods)-(Voices)-(Tenses)-(Negation)-(question marker/relative clause marker)
  • Aspects:
    • Perfect:-ye/-e
    • Progressive:-to/-o
    • Habitual:-ma/-a
  • Moods:
    • Indicative:-(none)
    • Subjunctive:-lo
    • Conditional:-plo
    • Optative:-wa
    • Imprative:-ka
      • Conditional mood suffix is used in conditional sentences for the event that may become true; Subjunctive mood suffix is used in conditional sentences for the event that will never become true


  • Voices:
    • Antipassive:-se
  • Tenses:
    • Past tense:-(e)ne
    • Future tense:-(e)no
  • Negation:-(e)m
  • Question marker:-war
  • Relative clause marker:-(a)zek

[edit] Aux verbs

  • make; cause:-(a)sa
  • can:-(a)ngo
  • must:-(a)pe

[edit] Words

[edit] Pronouns

The usage of cases and numbers of pronouns is same to nouns.

[edit] Personal pronouns

  • 1st person(exclusive when plural and collective):ng
  • 1st person single ergative:nga
  • 1st person inclusive plural:ket
  • 1st person inclusive collective:kepo
  • 2nd person:ka
  • 3rd person:dra
  • reflexive:te

[edit] Demostrative pronouns

  • this(near things)/Here(when used with locative suffix):zi
  • that(far things)/There(when used with locative suffix):dre

[edit] Interrogative pronouns

  • Who:ze
  • What:za
  • When:xe
  • Where:na
  • How:pluk
  • Why:wek
  • How many:hang

[edit] Numbers

  1. One:tei
  2. Two:nur/gur
  3. Three:sem
  4. Four:seir
  5. Five:ngu
  6. Six:kleu
  7. Seven:zhip
  8. Eight:phe
  9. Nine:kheu
  10. Ten:sat
  11. Hundred:pak
  12. Thousand:rgin
  13. Ten Thousand:bem

[edit] Nouns

  1. Sun:driya
  2. Moon:kyet
  3. Star:theng
  4. Sky:stem
  5. Cloud:oin
  6. Rain:zhein
  7. Snow:seu
  8. Water:klum
  9. Fire:fa
  10. Mountain:samei
  11. MountainPeak; Summit:deng
  12. Mountainfoot:makha
  13. Ridge:zeisek
  14. Sierra:brenga
  15. MountainPass:grenkot
  16. MountainSaddle:eung
  17. Hill:keuk
  18. Plateau:poiyen
  19. Cliff:kospe
  20. Canyon:khak
  21. Valley:gor
  22. Basin(Terrain):pheng
  23. Plain:yonka
  24. River:grokha
  25. Lake:zou
  26. Pool:houk
  27. Sea; Ocean:geiwa
  28. Rock; stone:grok
  29. Ice:brekya
  30. Glacier:brekha
  31. Forest:seir
  32. Farm:teng
  33. House:khom
  34. Road:drung
  35. Path; way:sekim
  36. Human:dem
  37. Father:pafa/papa
  38. Mother:mafa/mama
  39. Today:tin
  40. Yesterday:stou
  41. Tomorrow:mei
  42. Ink:mes
  43. Book:zhe
  44. BookCover:sut

[edit] Verbs

  1. To be(+locative, referring locations):dron
  2. To do:nke
  3. To make:stam
  4. To come/To go:tho(patient in locative means "to come"; patient in genetive means "to go"; agent in in ergative)
  5. To give:gra
  6. To eat:zei
  7. To see:kem
  8. To hear:ket
  9. To drink:kho
  10. To sleep:sei
  11. To live(not location):flom
  12. To die:sit
  13. To kill; to make ... die:skang
  14. To push:tumba
  15. To pull:rat
  16. To hold:ngous
  17. To get/to obtain:rdei
  18. To run:pheu
  19. To walk:tsou
  20. To climb; to crawl:spa
  21. To fall:stefo
  22. To speak:ngeut
  23. To say:skeit
  24. To tell:ngat
  25. To know:dren
  26. To cover:fem
  27. To search:aseng
  28. To find:ong
  29. To cook:sung
  30. To cut; to split:kyeng
  31. To learn:hap
  32. To teach; to make know:kya
  33. To read:tok

[edit] Lexical affixes

  1. -er(people related to an action):-pe
  2. -ness:-sens
  3. -ish:-ste
  4. place of ......; land of ......:-dei

[edit] Sample sentences

  • "nga dra dre-lep kem-ne" - "I saw him."
  • "dra-ka zhet tok-ngo-no" - "He'll be able to read books"
  • "zi klum kho-to-zek demat-ka mei-lep ng-zek khom-lep tho-wa-no" - " The person that's drinking water, hopes that he will come to my house."

This is a stub and should be expanded.

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