Progress 87% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Kŭnyan Kŭnyan | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Agglutinating | ||||||||||||
Alignment | Ergative-Absolutive | ||||||||||||
Head direction | Initial | ||||||||||||
Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
Declensions | Yes | ||||||||||||
Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
Genders | 0 | ||||||||||||
Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
Case | Number | ||||||||||||
Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
Person | Number | ||||||||||||
Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
Meta-information | |||||||||||||
Progress | 0% | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Creator | tmasters04 |
Introduction[]
Kŭnyan (meaning from inside of the people) is a constructed language spoken by the fictional race of Almyan (meaning from inside of God (Alm)). The Almyan live in the lands of Almŭl Ash (Literally God's Land) and are a very religious race with blue skin and the ability to use magic.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | |||||||||
Plosive | p b | t d | k | ʔ | |||||||
Fricative | ɸ | f v | θ ð | s | ç | x | |||||
Approximant | j | w | |||||||||
Trill | |||||||||||
Flap or tap | ɾ | ||||||||||
Lateral fric. | |||||||||||
Lateral app. | l (and lʰ) | ||||||||||
Lateral flap |
Vowels[]
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |||
Near-close | ɪ | ||||
Close-mid | ø | o | |||
Mid | |||||
Open-mid | ɛ | ʌ | |||
Near-open | |||||
Open | ɑ |
Phonotactics[]
Always a ʔ (glottal stop) in between vowels
Writing System[]
Information[]
The Kŭnyan writing system is similar to Arabic (it is written from left to right though) and there is a front, middle and end form. It is cursive and so all the letters go together. The vowels are inflected below or above the consonant that is before them.
Consonants:
Vowels:
Romanization[]
IPA | m | n | k | ʔ | p | b | t | d | ɸ | f | v | θ | ð | s |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Written | m | n | k | ` | p | b | t | d | f' | f | v | th | th' | s |
IPA | ç | x | j | ɾ | l/lʰ | w | i | u | ɪ | o | ɛ | ø | ʌ | ɑ |
Written | c | x | y | r | l/lh | w | i | ū | ĭ | o | e | ŭ | a' | a |
Grammar[]
Nouns[]
Nouns in Kŭnyan are incredibly difficult because there are an incredibly large amount of cases:
Using ac (earth) as an example:
Ergative | Person doing a transitive verb (TV) | ac |
---|---|---|
Absolutive | Object of TV or doing ITV | acŭn |
Genitive | Possessive (earth's) | acŭl |
Translatative | Turned into ... | kacte |
Inessive | In ... | ĭmacte |
Elative | From inside ... | acyan |
Illative | Into ... | acyon |
Adessive | At ... | acekūm |
Willingness | Willing (I did... to him(fix) shows wanted it) | dra'dac |
Unwilling | fa'dac | |
? | In/at to do with time | xac |
Comparative | Better than... | keyac |
Comparative | Worse than... | neyac |
Ablative | From outside ... | acyo |
Abessive | Without... | acten |
Allative | Towards... | towac |
Using... | ŭsac | |
Comitative | With... | wac |
Terminative | As far as... | pa'rac |
Ablative (2) | About... | borac |
Benefactive/Dative |
For the benefit of / to/for |
faktac |
Causal | Because of... | ka'sakac |
Possessed | If something is owned by someone (... is owned {by...}) | ūlac |
Identical | The same as... | lhadac |
Plural | ...s | acen |
Usage of Cases[]
Erg/Abs is always the first affix, then plural and then any others.
If the word you are adding to starts with a plosive or nasal and the prefix ends with a plosive or nasal then you should either remove the last letter or add an 'a' if this is not possible. For example: fakt- (benefactive) + daskon (woods) = faktdaskon which is incorrect. Here you should add an 'a' as removing the 't' would still leave the 'd' there. So faktadaskon is correct. Another example is ka'sak- (causal) + daskon = ka'sakdaskon which is incorrect. Here you should remove the last letter ('k') so you would get ka'sadaskon. To recap, if you can remove the last letter but if not, add an 'a'.
If the word you are adding to ends with a plosive or nasal and the suffix starts with a plosive or nasal then you should add a 'ŭ'. For example: aned (hand) + -ten (abessive) = anedten which is incorrect. So you add a 'ŭ' and it becomes anedŭten.
For both of these instances, if the two plosives/nasals are the same then only one of them is kept. So if there is a double t then you should remove one.
Pronouns[]
There are 4 tribes of Almyan (for the sake of simplicity I will call them Red, Green, Blue and Yellow). Each has its own set of pronouns:
1. Your own tribe:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
I | alme(m)/fela(f) | We | almak/felak |
You | ūda | You | ūdak |
He/she/it | yen | They | yena'k |
2. Red Tribe:
There is no need to say I or we using other tribe's pronouns. You would always use the pronouns for I and we in the first set of pronouns (#1)
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
You | drū | You | -k |
He/she/it | tre | They | -k |
3. Green tribe:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
You | lelh | You | -ūn |
He/she/it | almsun | They | -a |
4. Blue Tribe:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
You | xre | You | -t |
He/she/it | kal | They | -t |
5. Yellow Tribe:
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
You | thūm | You | -an |
He/she/it | th'an | They | -an |
TO BE CONTINUED...