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| Şarman Şarmanılın | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| Fusional | |||
| Alignment | |||
| Agglutinative | |||
| Head direction | |||
| Tonal | |||
| Yes | |||
| Declensions | |||
| Yes | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| Yes | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
| Şarman Шарманылын | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in: | |
| Region: | Siberia |
| Total speakers: | 6,258 (native) |
| Ranking: | 121 |
| Genetic classification: | Şarman-Turkic
|
| Official status | |
| Official language in: | |
| Regulated by: | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | sh |
| ISO 639-2 | sh |
| SIL | sh |
| See also: Language – Lists of languages | |
General information[]
Şarman (IPA: ʃɑrmǝnɯlɯn) is a language belongıng to the Şarmanic language group of the Şarman-Turkic (Altaic) language family.
Şarman is highly revelated as the mother language to the Şarmanic languages and a brother language to the Turkic languages. Both language groups share characteristic features such as vowel harmony, agglutination, lack of grammatical gender and subject-object-verb. Although it is not intelligibile with the the Turkic languages, it does have intelligibility with it's sister Waşüt languages,Gæç and Sonyut.
The language's history began in 4600 BC where the first Siberian nomads appeared. There, it developed into the Proto-Şarman-Turkic language until sometime in the mid 3rd millennium BC where the Turkic branch broke off into Proto-Turkic and the Şarman branch developed independently of the Turkic languages. The first known written records of the Şarmanic and Turkic languages are a 2nd-century Parthian traveler's journal recording a meeting with some Turkish tribes in the Far North. That has far been lost, the other one, a 5th-6th century Nesotrian commentary, is the earliest and oldest suriving attested of the Şarmanic or Turkic languages. Written mainly in Syraic, this dry clay tablet shows a full sentence in the Old Şarmanic language:
Ut͡ʃe Təgrɯr mäwtødɯ maɯʃ, Yɛhuudənə.....
- Modern Spelling: Ütçe Tangrır mautödı maış, Yehüdana
- Modern Şarman: Itçe Tengri yæka maqıa, Yehüden
- English: For God has not forgiven the Jews
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||
| Plosive | p b | t | d | k g | q | ||||
| Fricative | f | s z | ʃ ʒ | ɣ | |||||
| Affricate | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | ɕ | |||||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||
| Flap or tap | |||||||||
| Lateral fric. | |||||||||
| Lateral app. | |||||||||
| Lateral flap |
Vowels[]
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | |||||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid | |||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-mid | |||||
| Near-open | |||||
| Open |
Alphabet[]
| Letter | Mm | Nn | Xz | Pp | Bb | Tt | Dd | Cc | Đđ | Çç | Kk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound | /m/ | /n/ | /h/ | /p/ | /b/ | /t/ | /d/ | /t͡s/ | /d͡z/,/d͡ʒ/ | /t͡ʃ/ | /k/ |
| Letter | Gg | Ff | Vv | Ss | Zz | Şş | Iı | Rr | |||
| Sound | /g/ | /f/ | /v/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ʃ/ | /ɯ/ | /r/ | |||
| Letter | Ii | Yy | Ww | Uu, Üü |
Öö | Ee | Oo | Ăă | Aa | ||
| Sound | /i/, |
/y/ | /w/ | /u/, /w/ |
/ø/ | /ɛ/ | /ɔ/ | /ä/ | /ə/ |
Phonotactics[]
Grammar[]
| Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Nouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adjectives | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Pronouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns[]
Verbs[]
Syntax[]
Vocabulary[]
| No. | English | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | meen |
| 2 | you (singular) | şăăn |
| 3 | he | eili |
| 4 | we | băr |
| 5 | you (plural) | sey |
| 6 | they | elu |
| 7 | this | pa |
| 8 | that | şăel |
| 9 | here | muıda |
| 10 | there | end |
| 11 | who | wınç |
| 12 | what | nuüç |
| 13 | where | ümç |
| 14 | when | şön |
| 15 | how | küq |
| 16 | not | çæd |
| 17 | all | pü / pühın |
| 18 | many | qön |
| 19 | some | — |
| 20 | few | — |
| 21 | other | — |
| 22 | one | — |
| 23 | two | — |
| 24 | three | — |
| 25 | four | — |
| 26 | five | — |
| 27 | big | — |
| 28 | long | — |
| 29 | wide | — |
| 30 | thick | — |
| 31 | heavy | — |
| 32 | small | — |
| 33 | short | — |
| 34 | narrow | — |
| 35 | thin | — |
| 36 | woman | — |
| 37 | man (adult male) | — |
| 38 | man (human being) | — |
| 39 | child | — |
| 40 | wife | — |
| 41 | husband | ataq |
| 42 | mother | onne |
| 43 | father | — |
| 44 | animal | — |
| 45 | fish | pölg |
| 46 | bird | — |
| 47 | dog | ayt |
| 48 | louse | — |
| 49 | snake | — |
| 50 | worm | — |
| 51 | tree | ülq |
| 52 | forest | — |
| 53 | stick | — |
| 54 | fruit | — |
| 55 | seed | — |
| 56 | leaf | — |
| 57 | root | — |
| 58 | bark | — |
| 59 | flower | — |
| 60 | grass | — |
| 61 | rope | — |
| 62 | skin | — |
| 63 | meat | — |
| 64 | blood | — |
| 65 | bone | — |
| 66 | fat | — |
| 67 | egg | — |
| 68 | horn | — |
| 69 | tail | — |
| 70 | feather | — |
| 71 | hair | çıul, haçu |
| 72 | head | bok |
| 73 | ear | qüle |
| 74 | eye | güg |
| 75 | nose | băn |
| 76 | mouth | — |
| 77 | tooth | şüd/şüde |
| 78 | tongue | tîlea/çiw |
| 79 | fingernail | — |
| 80 | foot | yüg/yüga (plural) |
| 81 | leg | petu/petua (plural) |
| 82 | knee | tazpu, taza |
| 83 | hand | qaul/qaule, qaula(plural) |
| 84 | wing | — |
| 85 | belly | — |
| 86 | guts | — |
| 87 | neck | — |
| 88 | back | — |
| 89 | breast | — |
| 90 | heart | — |
| 91 | liver | — |
| 92 | drink | — |
| 93 | eat | — |
| 94 | bite | — |
| 95 | suck | — |
| 96 | spit | — |
| 97 | vomit | — |
| 98 | blow | — |
| 99 | breathe | — |
| 100 | laugh | — |
| 101 | see | — |
| 102 | hear | — |
| 103 | know | — |
| 104 | think | — |
| 105 | smell | — |
| 106 | fear | — |
| 107 | sleep | — |
| 108 | live | — |
| 109 | die | — |
| 110 | kill | — |
| 111 | fight | — |
| 112 | hunt | — |
| 113 | hit | — |
| 114 | cut | — |
| 115 | split | — |
| 116 | stab | — |
| 117 | scratch | — |
| 118 | dig | — |
| 119 | swim | — |
| 120 | fly | — |
| 121 | walk | — |
| 122 | come | — |
| 123 | lie | — |
| 124 | sit | — |
| 125 | stand | — |
| 126 | turn | — |
| 127 | fall | — |
| 128 | give | — |
| 129 | hold | — |
| 130 | squeeze | — |
| 131 | rub | — |
| 132 | wash | — |
| 133 | wipe | — |
| 134 | pull | — |
| 135 | push | — |
| 136 | throw | — |
| 137 | tie | — |
| 138 | sew | — |
| 139 | count | — |
| 140 | say | — |
| 141 | sing | — |
| 142 | play | — |
| 143 | float | — |
| 144 | flow | — |
| 145 | freeze | — |
| 146 | swell | — |
| 147 | sun | künyeş |
| 148 | moon | aye |
| 149 | star | olyüüdış |
| 150 | water | suwe |
| 151 | rain | yoğurç |
| 152 | river | doyrye |
| 153 | lake | qwal |
| 154 | sea | doñez |
| 155 | salt | — |
| 156 | stone | — |
| 157 | sand | — |
| 158 | dust | — |
| 159 | earth | — |
| 160 | cloud | — |
| 161 | fog | — |
| 162 | sky | — |
| 163 | wind | — |
| 164 | snow | — |
| 165 | ice | — |
| 166 | smoke | — |
| 167 | fire | — |
| 168 | ash | — |
| 169 | burn | — |
| 170 | road | — |
| 171 | mountain | — |
| 172 | red | — |
| 173 | green | — |
| 174 | yellow | — |
| 175 | white | — |
| 176 | black | — |
| 177 | night | — |
| 178 | day | — |
| 179 | year | — |
| 180 | warm | — |
| 181 | cold | — |
| 182 | full | — |
| 183 | new | — |
| 184 | old | — |
| 185 | good | — |
| 186 | bad | — |
| 187 | rotten | — |
| 188 | dirty | — |
| 189 | straight | — |
| 190 | round | — |
| 191 | sharp | — |
| 192 | dull | — |
| 193 | smooth | — |
| 194 | wet | — |
| 195 | dry | — |
| 196 | correct | — |
| 197 | near | — |
| 198 | far | — |
| 199 | right | — |
| 200 | left | — |
| 201 | at | — |
| 202 | in | — |
| 203 | with | — |
| 204 | and | tiw |
| 205 | if | — |
| 206 | because | — |
| 207 | name | uta |