Setting[]
Sgevla was originally a grammar outline of language I created in Study Hall. Since then (two weeks ago), it has become a language with about 300 words, and a complete grammar.
Phonology[]
Sgevla has a 24 letter alphabet, using all the letters in English except Q and W.
| Letter | Pronunciation |
| a | as in father, never as in weigh |
| b | as in boy |
| c | as in shell |
| d | as in dog |
| e | as in get |
| f | as in fall |
| g |
as in gulf |
| h | as in hat |
| i | as in beep |
| j | as in the French bonjour or measure |
| k | as in cat |
| l | as in lull |
| m | as in meat |
| n | as in null |
| o | as in open |
| p | as in pelican |
| r | as in run |
| s | as in stroll |
| t | as in 't'remor |
| u | as in moon |
| v | as in very |
| x | the plegm loch |
| y | as in button, not yellow |
| z |
as in zygote |
Words are formed by CCV, or VCC, not including compound words
Basic Grammar[]
Verbs[]
Structure[]
'negation'tense'preposition'verb'adverb
Verbs[]
Tense[]
Verbs have no tense by default. Tense is designated by particles.
ax' - present tense
ex' – past tense
ox' – future tense
Verb Prepositions[]
Verb prepositions designate where the verb was taken place, in relation to the noun. Not using these would result in ambiguity. For example;
"I talk to the left of John."
Are you talking to the left side of John, or are you at the left side of John talking to him?
Sgevla has a way of preventing this. Verb Prepositions and Noun Prepositions. The same prepositions are used for each.
| vle | above |
| kle | below |
| mle | towards |
| cle | left |
| ble | right |
| dle | away |
| ple | upon |
| zle | during |
| sle | against |
| jle | about |
| nle | in |
| xle | out |
do ex'cle'tva zhe John
I [past] [left]-talk [name] John
I talked from the left side of John
as opposed to do ex'tva zhe zle'John
I [past] talk [name] left-John
I talked to the left side of John.
You can also make conjunctions of prepositions.
do ax'mlezle zhe John
I talk towards and to the left of John.
Negation[]
Verbs can be negated by placing 'pu' at the beginning of the verb.
do pu'ex'tva zhe John
I talked not to John.
Nouns[]
Structure[]
plural particle'preposition'root'adjective
dol flikjo'scavla
[possessive me] ball-red
My red ball
dol flikjo'scavla kje cvalko
My red and green ball.
'kje' is an adjective conjunction, meaning it states the ball is both red and green, not red-green. If you were to say 'scavla cvalko' or 'scavlasvalko', that would mean the latter.
To list multiple nouns, put 'kja' in between each noun.
To make a plural add the 'po' particle
To negate a noun, as in 'It was the cake, not the bagel, that tasted good to him', use 'pu' as an adjective.
dol po'ble'mkelj
The right of my foods.
Conjunctions[]
| kje | Adjective 'and' |
| kja | Noun 'and' |
| kju | or |
| kji | introduces nominal clause |
| kjai | and (sentence connector) |
| kjoi | with |
| kju | Introduces adjective/adverbial clause |
| sja | but |
| sje | if |
| lje | therfor |
| lja | than |
| rja | yet |
| rje | because |
Relative Clauses[]
To form a relative clause, place the particle 'je' before the clause.
zga elme je ex'tva ax'tva
The man who talked, talks.
Articles[]
| zga | specific noun follows |
| zhe | specific name follows |
| zgi | raw number follows |
| zgu | unspecific noun follows |
| zhu | unspecific name follows |
zge John ex'bru
A certain John ate.
zga elme ex'bru
The man ate.
zgu John ex'bru
Any John ate.
Word Separation[]
Components of a word are separated with a '. This is not necessary, but makes it easier to read for large words.
Numbers[]
| 0 | no |
| 1 | pa |
| 2 | ke |
| 3 | mi |
| 4 | lo |
| 5 | ju |
| 6 | za |
| 7 | he |
| 8 | bi |
| 9 | do |
| 10 | pano |
| 100 | panono |
| 101 | panopa |
| 102 |
pano |
The number symbols written above, with the written numbers below it.
[]
Questions[]
| xa | adjective/adverb question |
| xe | what |
| xi | who |
| xo | where |
| xu | True/False (place at beginning of sentence) |
| xoi | preposition question (takes place of preposition) |
| xei | when (beginning of sentence) |
| xai |
why (beginning of sentence) |
Pronouns[]
| do | me |
| vo | you |
| go | it, s/he |
| co | he |
| ro | she |
| to | this |
| po'vo | they |
| po'to | these |
| po'do | us |
To turn these nouns into posessives, add an 'l' to the end of the word.
to ax'ujki dol vkolj'kli.
This is my car.
Sentences[]
Sentence construction is SVO.
do ax'cjo zhe ook ujke bgicvo
I present-think [name] Ook [adjective is] good [adjective intensifier]
I think Ook is very good.
Ujki versus Ujke[]
Ujke is used to assign an adjective to a noun. Ujki is used to assign a noun to another noun, and Ujku is used to assign a noun to a verb.
zhe ook ujke bgi.
Ook is good
zhe ook ujki zgu sge'edlo
Ook is a programming language.
Example Text[]
zga zhit ujke gkal'pri kju nki zga nle'plokj kja zga po'nle'ygfi. ax'asvi zga po'ple'vo kjoi zga adsevlo kja zga treplu kjai ax'fre ax'nle'edsi zga zhit kji zga upkli de zga frejka.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit
of brotherhood.
[]
Dictionary[]
I currently have a dictionary of ~300 words, with English, Sgevla Romanization, and Sgevla Script (nbigsgevla) in spreadsheet form. If anyone decides to take an interest in the language I will post it.