This small Ged¨hi dictionary contains now about 250 words. It contains nearly all PSem. roots mentioned by John Huehnergard in Proto-Semitic Language and Culture. (This page, as well as all links to Semitic and Indo-Evropean roots at bartleby.com, is no more available.) 411 of Proto-Semitic roots were able to be found in Semitic Roots Index of The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language.
¨[]
Logographic reading: ¨lp "ox, bull". Numeric value: 1.
Hebr. א named ?>a:lef; Arab. ء أ إ ؤ ئ named hamza (alif became the name of the carrier); transcribed as ' or ’ or ? or 3; Greeks reused this glyph as Α under the name alpha for the vowel [a].
¨ebeb "sire"
¨ebebu "paternity" (OBab. abbu:tum)
¨ebu "father" (√?b S0; PSem. ?ab-; OBab. abum; Hebr. ?a:v; Arab. ?ab)
¨ebnu "stone" (OBab. abnum; Hebr. ?>even)
¨eger "hire" (ja¨ger "he hired"; Arab. ?agara)
¨egeru "hiring, employment" (OBab. aga:rum a/u)
¨egru "who hires, employer" (OBab. a:girum)
nu¨egru pas. "hired, employee" (OBab. agrum)
¨ednu "master" (Hebr. ?a:ðUo:n)
¨edru "poplar" (OBab. adarum)
¨edrimu "February, *Dodecember" (OBab. addarum)
¨eðnu "ear" (√?ðn S5; OBab. uznum; Hebr. ?>o:zen)
¨ewlu "freeman" (OBab. awi:lum)
¨eªhdu "one" (Hebr. ?eªhað)
¨eju "what, which" (OBab. ajjum)
¨eji "where" (OBab. ajjiki:?am; Hebr. ?ajje:H)
¨ejo "to where" (OBab. ajjiš(am), aji:š)
¨ejbu "enemy" (OBab. ajja:bum; Hebr. ?u:je:v)
¨ejru "bloom" (OBab. ajjarum);
¨ejrimu "April, 2nd month" (OBab. ajjarum);
¨ekel "eat"(ja¨kel "he ate"; Hebr. ?a:kal; Arab. ?akala)
¨ekelu "eating"(OBab. aka:lum a/u)
nu¨eklu "food"(OBab. akalum, aklum "bread, food")
¨exexu "fraternity, brothehood" (OBab. axxu:tum)
¨exu "brother" (√?ðn S7; PSem. ?ax-; OBab. axum; Hebr. ?a:ªh; Arab. ?ax)
¨exatu "sister" (PSem. ?axa:t-; OBab. axa:tum; Hebr. ?a:ªhUo:t)
¨exeð "seize, take, acquire" (ja¨xeð "he seized"; Hebr. ?a:ªhaz; Arab. ?axaða)
¨exeðu "taking" (OBab. axa:zum)
na¨exeðu recipr. "marriage"
¨exðu "who takes" (OBab. a:xizum)
nu¨exðu pas. "taken" (OBab. axzum)
¨exer "fall behind" (ja¨xer he fell behind; Arab. ?xr)
¨exeru "having fallen behind" (OBab. axa:rum u/u)
¨exru "rear, late" (OBab. axre:m; Arab. ?xr)
¨elu "god" (PSem. ?il-; Hebr. ?e:l)
¨el¨hu "God" (Hebr. ?/elo:hiJm)
¨elemnatu "widow" (PSem. *almanat)
¨elpu "ox" (√?ðn S10; OBab. alpum "bull, ox"; Hebr. ?>a:lef)
¨elpu "thousand" (Hebr. ?>elef)
¨emu "mother" (PSem. ?imm-; Hebr. ?e:m)
¨emer "command" (ja¨mer "he commanded"; Hebr. ?a:mar "he sayd")
¨emeru "command"
¨emru "commander" (Hebr. ?e:m)
¨en "so, yes" adv., part. (OBab. anna)
¨enu "this" pron. (OBab. annu::m)
¨enju "I" (OBab. ana:ku; Hebr. ?/aniJ, a:no:kiJ)
¨entu "thou" (OBab. atta:, f. atti:; Hebr. ?ata:H)
¨entanu "ye" (OBab. attunu:, f. attina)
¨cr "captive" (OBAb. asi:rum; Arab. ?sr)
¨erer "curse, damn" ("he will curse" ja¨erer; Hebr. ja:?o:r)
¨ereru "curse" (OBab. ara:rum a/u, arratum)
¨erç'u "earth" (Hebr. ?>ereç; Arab. ?rd¸)
¨esdu "lion"
b[]
Logographic reading: bjt "house". Numeric value: 2.
bi prep. "in"
be¨lu "huge"
bebu "gate"
bejtu "house" (PSem. bajt-)
bejç'u "white"
benu "son"
benatu "daughter" (PSem. bint-)
benej "build"
beºhlu "lord" (PSem. ba¿l-)
beºhlatu "lady"
berdu "cold"
g[]
Logographic reading: gml "goad". Numeric value: 3.
geblu "mountain"
gedu "grandfather"
gedlu "heavy"
geðru "root" (Arab. gaðr pl. guðu|r)
geªhmu "hell"
gemlu "camel" (Hebr. ga:ma:l)
gh[]
d[]
Logographic reading: dl "door". Numeric value: 4.
dejen "judge"
delu "door"
demqu "good"
denu "mighty"
deres "study"
ð[]
ðu "this"
ðebªeh "sacrifice"
ðenbu "tail" (Arab. d_anab-)
ðenbu-¨esdi "Deneb"
¨h[]
Logographic reading: ¨h¨ " ". Numeric value: 5.
¨hu "The"
¨heger "depart"
¨hewej "be" (jahwej "he was"; Hebr. ha:ja:H)
¨heklu "palace" (< Sum. É.GAL; OBab. ekallum; Hebr. heJxa:l "temple, palace")
¨heru "mountain" (Hebr. har)
¨hero term. "to a mountain" (Hebr. h>era:H)
w[]
Logographic reading: ww " ". Numeric value: 6.
wi conj. "and"
webel "bring"
webelu "bringing" (OBab. waba:lum a/i)
webnu "finger"
weded "love"
wejnu "wine" (Hebr. j>ajin)
weled "give birth"
weledu "giving birth" (OBab. wala:dum)
weldu "parent" (OBab. wa:lidum)
wöldu "born, child, boy" (OBab. waldum, wildum; Hebr. j>eleð)
wöldatu "girl" (Hebr. jalda:H)
welek "go"
werdu "slave"
werew "guide"
werxu "moon, month" (√wrx S390; PSem. *warx-)
werxuþemenu "October" (Hebr h.ešwa:n < marh.ešwa:n < fAkk. waraxsamnu)
werqu "green"
weseb "sit"
z[]
Logographic reading: zjn " ". Numeric value: 7.
zebu "fly"
zejti "oil"
zeker "remember"
zemeru "music" (√zmr S408)
zenenu "rain"
ªh[]
Logographic reading: ªht " ". Numeric value: 8.
ªheklu "field" (PSem. h.akl-)
ªhekmu "wise"
ªhelu "pure"
ªhemu "husband’s father" (PSem. h.am-)
ªhemdu "praise"
muªhemdu "praised"
ªhemru "red"
ªhenu "gracious"
ªhermu "ban, prohibite, forbid"
ªhesnu "handsome"
ªheþteratu see ºheþteratu "Venus" (PIE. H2ster "star")
t¸[]
Logographic reading: t¸t " ". Numeric value: 9.
t¸ewbu "good"
t¸ewlu "long"
þ¸[]
(Arabic z.)
j[]
Logographic reading: jd "arm". Numeric value: 10.
jedu "arm" (PSem. jad-)
jewmu "day"
jewnu "dove"
k[]
Logographic reading: kp "hand". Numeric value: 20.
ki prep. "like"
kebru "great" (Arab. kabi:r)
ke¨hnu "priest"
kewen "be"
kejpu " " (Arab. ke:f)
kekbu "star"
keku "weapon"
kelu "whole"
kellatu "daughter-in-law" (PSem. *kallat)
kelbu "dog"
kelbatu "bitch"
kecpu "silver"
kepu "hand"
keteb "write"
x[]
xeç'ru "green"
xemsu "five"
l[]
Logographic reading: lmd " ". Numeric value: 30.
lo prep. "to"
li prep. "at"
le¨ "no"
le¨u "bovine" (PSem. li'-)
le¨atu "cow" (PSem. li'at-)
leªhru "ewe" (PSem. *laªhir-)
m[]
Logographic reading: m¨ "water". Numeric value: 40.
me¨u "water"
mewet "die"
mewetu "death"
melek "rule"
melku "ruler" (PSem. malk-)
meno prep. "from"
meno-ºhel adv. "from above" (Hebr. mil¿e:Jl)
meçru "Egypt"
meseªh "anoint"
n[]
Logographic reading: nwn " ". Numeric value: 50.
negru "herald"
nedru "rare" (Arab. na:dir-)
neºhru "riwer"
nepes "breathe"
nepesu "breath, breathing, soul"
nepsu "animal"
neten "give"
c[]
Logographic reading: smk "fish". Numeric value: 60.
ºh[]
Logographic reading: °hjn "eye". Numeric value: 70.
Transcribed as ‘ or ¿
ºhebdu "servant" (√¿bd S22)
ºhejnu "eye" (PSem. ¿ajn-)
ºheli prep., adv. "above"
ºhemu "uncle" (PSem. ¿amm-)
ºherbu "Arab"
ºhes'ru "ten"
ºheþteratu (or ªheþteratu ) "Venus" (PIE. H2ster "star")
p[]
Logographic reading: p¨ "mouth". Numeric value: 80.
pe¨ "mouth" (PSem. pi-|pa-)
pegru "body"
pe¨hem "understand"
pewqi "over"
f[]
fu "he"
fatu "she"
fotu "it"
fû < fuwu "they"
ç[]
Logographic reading: ¨çd " ". Numeric value: 90.
çelmu "statue" (PSem. s.alm-)
çepru "yellow"
ç'[]
(Arabic d¸)
ç'e¨hbu "gold"
q[]
Logographic reading: qp " ". Numeric value: 100. Season: spring.
qedsu "holy"
qet¸el "kill"
qelu "light"
qerbu "near"
qernu "horn"
r[]
Logographic reading: r¨s "head". Numeric value: 200. Season: summer.
re¨su "head"
rebºhu "four"
reglu "leg"
reºh adv. "bellow" (Hebr. ra¿)
repesu "width"
repsu "wide"
s[]
Logographic reading: sjn "tooth". Numeric value: 300. Season: autumn.
su "the"
se¨wu "empty"
se¨ewatu "emptiness"
sebºhu "four"
sedsu "six"
sejnu "tooth" (4 minutes)
selem "be healthy"
selemu "health"
selmu "healthy"
sem¨u "heaven"
semer "keep"
senu "year" (Hebr. ša:na:H)
s'[]
(Arab. š)
s'edatu "doubling" (Arab. šaddat-)
s'emlu "left"
s'emsu "sun"
s'eqru "blond"
s'eru "prince" (PSem. s'arre-)
s'eratu "princess"
t[]
Logographic reading: tw "mark". Numeric value: 400. Season: winter.
tewu "mark"
teªhti prep. "under"
tergem "translate" (Arab. targama "he translated")
tesºhu "nine"
þ[]
þewru "bull" (PIE. tawr-o-z; Hebr. šUo:r; Arab. t_awr)
þemnu "eight"
þenu "two"
þelþu "three"