Polarity Prefix[]
If with another prefix, the polarity prefix goes first
| Polarity | Front Prefix | Back Prefix | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unmarked Affirmative | yes | ||
| Marked Affirmative | za- | za- | yes* |
| Negative | de- | do- | no, not |
- *The marked affirmative refers to an affirmative answer to a negative question, or just to reinforce affirmativity, like the word "indeed".
Voice Prefix[]
The voice prefix follows the polarity prefix if they are both being used.
| Voice | Front Prefix | Back Prefix | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active | |||
| Passive | tan- | tan- | "was v. by" |
Tense Suffix[]
The tense suffix is used before the aspect suffix.
| Tense | Front Prefix | Back Prefix | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | |||
| Past | -gi | -gu | |
| Future | -sıra | -sɵra | "will ..." |
Aspect Suffix[]
The aspect suffix goes after the tense suffix if they are both used.
| Tense | Front Prefix | Back Prefix | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perfect | -naca | -naca | "has/have", "had", "will have" |
| Present Progressive | -panta | -panta | "am ...-ing" |
| Present Perfect Progressive | -panaça | -panaça | "has/have been ...-ing" |
| Past Progressive | -ginta | -gunta | "was ...-ing" |
| Past Perfect Progressive | -ginaça | -gunaça | "had been ...-ing" |
| Future Progressive | -sıranta | -sɵranta | "will be ...-ing" |
| Future Perfect Progressive | -sıranaça | -sɵranaça | "will have been ...-ing" |