hlə⁷n m⁵un hlëʔn mʔw'un | |||
---|---|---|---|
Type | isolating | ||
Alignment | nominative accusative | ||
Word Order | OSV | ||
Head direction | medial | ||
Tonal | No | ||
Declensions | No | ||
Conjugations | No | ||
Topic-Prominence | Yes | ||
Classes | |||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person | Number | ||
Tense | Aspect |
osswix's ugly proto-lang for the terne shared worldbuilding project.
Classification and Dialects[]
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | labialized | plain | labialized | ||||||
nasals | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | ||||
stops | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | kʷʰ | qʰ | |||
plain | p | t | k | kʷ | q | ʔ | ʔʷ | ||
voiced | b | d | g | gʷ | ɢ | ||||
implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ɠ | ʛ | |||||
fricatives | plain | ɸ | x | xʷ | h | hʷ | |||
voiced | β | ð | ɣ | ɣʷ | |||||
breathy | βʱ | ðʱ | ɣʱ | ɣʷʱ | ɦ | ɦʷ | |||
sibilants | aspirated | sʰ | ɕʰ | ||||||
plain | s | ɕ | |||||||
voiced | z | ʑ | |||||||
affricates | aspirated | ʦʰ | ʨʰ | ksʰ | |||||
plain | ʦ | ʨ | ks | ||||||
voiced | ʣ | ʥ | gz | ||||||
approximants | l | j | ɰ | w | |||||
trills | ʙ | r | ʀ | ||||||
tap | ɾ |
Palatal sibilants and affricates only appear before front and central vowels.
Vowels[]
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
plain | nasalized | |||
Close | u | |||
Mid | ɛ | ə | ɔ | ɔ̃ |
Open | ɑ | ɑ̃ |
Phonotactics[]
(C)(l/j/ɰ/w/ʙ/ʀ)(ʔ/ʔʰ)V(ʔ/ʔʰ)(C)
Writing Systems[]
Natural Notation[]
Sound | m | n | pʰ | tʰ | p | t | b | d | ɓ | ɗ | ɸ | β | ð | βʱ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Letter | m | n | ph' | th' | p | t | b | d | b | d | f | v | dh | vvh' |
Sound | ðʱ | ɲ | sʰ | ɕʰ | s | ɕ | z | ʑ | ʦʰ | ʨʰ | ʦ | ʨ | ʣ | ʥ |
Letter | ddh' | nj | sh' | xh' | s | x | z | j | tsh' | txh' | ts | tx | dz | dj |
Sound | l | j | ʙ | r | ɾ | ŋ | ŋʷ | kʰ | kʷʰ | qʰ | k | kʷ | q | ʔ |
Letter | l | y | rb' | r | rr' | ng | ngw' | kh' | kwh' | qh' | k | kw' | q | ʔ |
Sound | ʔʷ | g | gʷ | ɢ | ɠ | ʛ | x | xʷ | h | hʷ | ɣʱ | ɣʷʱ | ɦ | ɦʷ |
Letter | ʔw' | g | gw' | c | g | c | hkw' | hk' | h | hw' | ggh' | ggwh' | hh' | hhw' |
Sound | ksʰ | ks | gz | ɰ | w | ʀ | u | ɛ | ə | ɔ | ɔ̃ | ɑ | ɑ̃ | 1 |
Letter | ksh' | ks | gz | gj' | w | rg' | u | e | ë | o | õ | a | ã | ' |
1 is an hiatus between consonant, so it break possible consonant clusters.
ɣ and ɣʷ are written like their counterparts, just with one g less.
Eastern Scientific Notation[]
Sound | m | n | pʰ | tʰ | p | t | b | d | ɓ | ɗ | ɸ | β | ð | βʱ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Letter | m | n | p' | t' | p | t | b | d | b' | d' | f | v | dh | v² |
Sound | ðʱ | ɲ | sʰ | ɕʰ | s | ɕ | z | ʑ | ʦʰ | ʨʰ | ʦ | ʨ | ʣ | ʥ |
Letter | dh² | nʲ | s' | sʲ' | s | sʲ | z | zʲ | ts' | tsʲ' | ts | tsʲ | dz | dzʲ |
Sound | l | j | ʙ | r | ɾ | ŋ | ŋʷ | kʰ | kʷʰ | qʰ | k | kʷ | q | ʔ |
Letter | l | j | r³ | r | ŕ | ng | ng³ | k' | k³' | q' | k | k³ | q | 7 * |
Sound | ʔʷ | g | gʷ | ɢ | ɠ | ʛ | x | xʷ | h | hʷ | ɣʱ | ɣʷʱ | ɦ | ɦʷ |
Letter | 7³ * | g | g³ | c | g₂ | c₂ | kh | kh³ | h | h³ | gh | gh³ | hh | hh³ |
Sound | ksʰ | ks | gz | ɰ | w | ʀ | u | ɛ | ə | ɔ | ɔ̃ | ɑ | ɑ̃ | 1 |
Letter | ks' | ks | gz | g² | w | ř | u | e | ə | o | õ | a | ã | _ |
1 is an hiatus between consonant, so it break possible consonant clusters.
* the glottal stop is only written as 7 at the beginning of a word and if it is the only consonant of the coda, if it happens in between consonants and vowels it is written as a superscript ⁷. ʔʷ is written as a superscript ⁵.
ɣ and ɣʷ are written as /hg/ and /hg³/ respectively
Western Scientific Notation[]
Sound | m | n | pʰ | tʰ | p | t | b | d | ɓ | ɗ | ɸ | β | ð | βʱ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Letter | m | n | p² | t² | p | t | b | d | ḃ | ḋ | f | v | dh | vh |
Sound | ðʱ | ɲ | sʰ | ɕʰ | s | ɕ | z | ʑ | ʦʰ | ʨʰ | ʦ | ʨ | ʣ | ʥ |
Letter | dhh | jn | s² | š² | s | š | z | ž | ts² | ch² | ts | ch | dz | j |
Sound | l | j | ʙ | r | ɾ | ŋ | ŋʷ | kʰ | kʷʰ | qʰ | k | kʷ | q | ʔ |
Letter | l | y | br̀ | r | ř | gn | gn³ | k² | k²³ | q² | k | k³ | q | 3' |
Sound | ʔʷ | g | gʷ | ɢ | ɠ | ʛ | x | xʷ | h | hʷ | ɣʱ | ɣʷʱ | ɦ | ɦʷ |
Letter | 3³' | g | g³ | c | ġ | ċ | hk | hk³ | h | h³ | hg | hg³ | ḥ | ḥ³ |
Sound | ksʰ | ks | gz | ɰ | w | ʀ | u | ɛ | ə | ɔ | ɔ̃ | ɑ | ɑ̃ | 1 |
Letter | x² | x | gz | jg³ | w | ṛ | u | e | e³ | o | oⁿ | a | aⁿ | '- |
1 is an hiatus between consonant, so it break possible consonant clusters.
* the glottal stop is only written as 3' at the beginning of a word and if it is the only consonant of the coda, if it happens in between consonants and vowels it is written as a superscript ³'. ʔʷ is written as a superscript ³³'.
ɣ and ɣʷ are written as /gh/ and /gh³/ respectively