Conlang
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General information[]

Ingva (meaning "tongue") is a language created upon Proto-Indo-European roots as a possible daughter-language of PIE, a variant which was the first to part from it (and thus suffered of no main family influence).

Phonology[]

Mutations from PIE[]

This table contains all sound mutations that occurred from PIE to Ingva:

PIE Ingva PIE Example Ingva Example Translation
h₁, h₂, h₃, a ø *éǵh₂ jeg I
b p *h₂eh₁b-el- jepatl apple
v *bʰer- var to bear, carry

d

(before vowel)

c *dewk- cavk to lead

d

(before consonant)

i *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s ingva tongue, language

d

(at word end)

st *h₁ed- jest to eat
d *dʰewb- daúp deep

e, é

(between two consonants)

a *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s ingva tongue, language

e, é

(at word beginning)

je *éǵh₂ jeg I

e, é

(at word end)

ai *ne nai no

g, ǵ, gʰ, ǵʰ

(at word beginning or end)

k *ǵenh₁- kan to give birth
g, ǵ, gʰ, ǵʰ g *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s ingva tongue, language
gʷ, gʰw, ǵʰw gv *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s ingva tongue, language
i, y i *winǵʰ- vingur elm
ĺ̥ l *wĺ̥kʷos‎ ólkve wolf

k

(at word beginning)

kh *ki- khe he

(at word beginning)

gj *ḱḗr gjar heart
k, ḱ k
kv *-kʷe kvai

also, as well

l tl *h₂eh₁b-el- jepatl apple

p

(before consonant)

ø *ph₂tḗr har father
t h *ph₂tḗr har father

t

(before a, e, h, i, j, o, r, ú, v, w)

þ *túh₂ þú you (sg.)

i

(at word end)

e *ki- khe he
w v *wel val folk, people

w

(before consonant)

ó *wĺ̥kʷos‎ ólkve wolf
wb úp *dʰewb- daúp deep

y

(at word beginning)

hj *yeg- hjak ice

Swadesh list[]


No. English Ingva
1Ijeg
2you (singular)þú
3hekhe
4we
5you (plural)
6they
7this
8that
9here
10there
11who
12what
13where
14when
15how
16not
17all
18many
19some
20few
21other
22one
23two
24three
25four
26five
27big
28long
29wide
30thick
31heavy
32small
33short
34narrow
35thin
36woman
37man (adult male)
38man (human being)
39child
40wife
41husband
42mother
43fatherhar
44animal
45fish
46bird
47dog
48louse
49snake
50worm
51tree
52forest
53stick
54fruit
55seed
56leaf
57root
58bark
59flower
60grass
61rope
62skin
63meat
64blood
65bone
66fat
67egg
68horn
69tail
70feather
71hair
72head
73ear
74eye
75nose
76mouth
77tooth
78tongue
79fingernail
80foot
81leg
82knee
83hand
84wing
85belly
86guts
87neck
88back
89breast
90heart
91liver
92drink
93eat
94bite
95suck
96spit
97vomit
98blow
99breathe
100laugh
101see
102hear
103knowknai
104think
105smell
106fear
107sleep
108live
109die
110kill
111fight
112hunt
113hit
114cut
115split
116stab
117scratch
118dig
119swim
120fly
121walk
122come
123lie
124sit
125stand
126turn
127fall
128give
129hold
130squeeze
131rub
132wash
133wipe
134pull
135push
136throw
137tie
138sew
139count
140say
141sing
142play
143float
144flow
145freeze
146swell
147sun
148moon
149star
150water
151rain
152river
153lake
154sea
155salt
156stone
157sand
158dust
159earth
160cloud
161fog
162sky
163wind
164snow
165ice
166smoke
167fire
168ash
169burn
170road
171mountain
172red
173green
174yellow
175white
176black
177night
178day
179year
180warm
181cold
182full
183new
184old
185good
186bad
187rotten
188dirty
189straight
190round
191sharp
192dull
193smooth
194wet
195dry
196correct
197near
198far
199right
200left
201at
202in
203with
204and
205if
206because
207name
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