KNF:Syntax
The city for conlangs
Syntax explains how to arrange words so they make proper sentences. Kиipƒi is rather strict about syntax, but if you are OK with syntax, you can do wonders with sentence(my conclusion)
Contents |
[edit] Sentence
Word order in sentence is crucial for the language. Kиipƒi features SOV main word order. Sentences consist of Subject, Object and Verb. Subject is a noun(or group of nouns) that are executing action. They may execute action on Object, which is a noun(or group again), or Object may also denote additional information about executed action. Verb, consisting of verb, it's grammatical construction mainly affected by tenses, but also including adverbs, says about what is done on the object. It also explains the way of doing an action on the Object.
The sentence describing a state, still, differs from normal by only one aspect - the subject is given in Temative case
Note: When personal pronouns are used, the pronoun is dropped(because the verb is conjugated). When the subject is also available from context, it's dropped
[edit] Negative
Kиipƒi creates Negatives simple. Negation is inserted by adding nęn particle before what we try to negate. Big care must be taken while negating. If we are trying to negate noun or a verb we insert it before the right noun or verb(eg. BLUE PETER'S NOT BALL - Not a blue Peter's ball). Negating elements of noun construction negates only them, so for example adjectives or it's owner may be negated(eg. BLUE NOT PETER'S BALL - Ball is blue but it's not Peter's). Passive voice grammatic construction cannot be negated, conditional particles mait can be also negated, using to emphase "sureness" of event, but it's quite rare.
[edit] Interrogative
Interrogative sentences are one of the best aspects of Kиipƒi. Just insert an Interrogative Pronoun in place of any piece of information you ask about in indicative sentence order.
Note: You can still negate Interrogative Pronouns
If you just want to ask about did something happened, just insert ka particle at the end of the sentence.
[edit] Passive Voice
Passive Voice is used very often, like in Japanese, it oftenly replaces active.
Here is where the problems begin. Definition of subject and object in Kиipƒi differs from normal. Subject is real action executor, and he's given in Subjective case. Object is the action receiver, and he's given in Objective case, or in Temative case((like German Zustandspassiv, passive describing state)). Passive voice makes normal sentence, only with small verb modification. But when there's no real executor, or we don't know it, we drop subject, and conjugate Verb for 3rd Masculine.
We use Passive verb form for Passive voice.
Most interrogative and indefinite pronouns behave still their ways, they still do not declinate, Verb Indefinite pronoun is declinated regularly, even for passive.
If we don't know the subject, and we cannot determine it by any means, we skip it.
[edit] Passive describing action
This passive is used for non-perfect passives, that will be, are, or were not finished, the verb is never used in passive form.
| Cases used for subject and object | ||
|---|---|---|
| Case | ||
| Subject | Subjective | |
| Object | Objective | |
[edit] Passive describing state
This passive is used for perfect passives, events that have happended and now they brought state to object, the verb is always used in passive form.
| Cases used for subject and object | ||
|---|---|---|
| Case | ||
| Subject | Subjective | |
| Object | Temative | |
[edit] Conditional sentence
Kиipƒi has 5 conditionals:
[edit] First Conditional
This conditional is used to showing effects of present situations, it's nearly same as English First Conditional.
Construction: Sentence 1(Present Simple) - Sentence 2(Future Simple Conditional)
[edit] Second Conditional
This conditional is used to show present results of unreal past event.
Construction: (Past Simple) - (Present Simple Conditional)
[edit] Third Conditional
This conditional is used to show future results of unreal past event.
Construction: (Past Simple) - (Future Simple Conditional)
[edit] Fourth Conditional
This conditional is used to show future results of future event.
Construction: (Future Simple) - (Future Simple Conditional)
[edit] Fifth Conditional
This conditional is used to show future results of unreal past event
Construction: (Future Simple) - (Present Simple Conditional)
[edit] Noun
Noun is part of speech that denotes a object or subject of action. It declinates by noun cases who indicate position of noun(is it executing action, is it just pointing something or an action is executed on it).
[edit] Noun syntax
Kиipƒi allows large noun descriptions, even multiple participles with their objects.
(Adjective) + (Participle Object + Participle) + Owner(Genitive) + Noun
Adjectives go first. Then, participles with their objects at their beginning go. There can be multiple participles, but each must have its objects before the participle(this makes able creating sentences describing the noun). Then, one owner noun(in Genitive case) goes. After owner, right noun goes, properly declinated.
Note: Pronouns count really as nouns, this construction can be still applied to them
[edit] Comparations
Because of the adjective comparisions, nouns can be compared to each other. This is made very simple, without using any than's
Construction: (noun with adjective level Less or More)(noun compared to)
[edit] Verb
Verb describes action taken by subject on object.
Verb form is a conjugated(or not) verb with other verbs or particles. Basic verb form is it's tense form
[edit] Passive verb form
After tense form, the fully conjugated form of WASS verb form, making basic form not conjugated by person and number
[edit] Conditional verb form
Later, after the passive(or not) the particle mait may be inserted(before WASS and the Verb Construction) to create conditional verb mood.
[edit] Conjuntive verb form
Then, particle byu can be inserted to create conjunctive verb form. It can be also applied to create conditional-conjuntive.
