| Kaloutan 𒁁𒁹𒋛𒊮𒆜𒐀𒈨𒋛𒁹 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| Analytic | |||
| Alignment | |||
| Ergative | |||
| Head direction | |||
| right branching | |||
| Tonal | |||
| No | |||
| Declensions | |||
| No | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| No | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
General Information[]
Kaloutan (natively 𒁁𒁹𒋛𒊮𒆜𒐀𒈨𒋛𒁹 /ʔiɑtɑsɯ kɑlɜɯtɑː/) is a language spoken on a temperate island on the planet Aetho by the alien Aethos.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Postalveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | t | k | ʔ |
| Fricative | s | ɣ | h |
| Approximant | l | ||
| Flap or tap | ɾ |
- /t/ and /k/ are usually aspirated.
- /s/ is retroflexed before /a/ and palatalized before /i/. All allophones are voiced between vowels.
- /ɣ/ is in free variation between [ɣ] and [ʀ].
- /l/ is in free variation between [l], [ɹ], and [n].
- /r/ is in free variation between [ɾ] and [r]
Vowels[]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i iː | ɯ ɯː |
| Mid | e̞ e̞ː | ɜ ɜː |
| Low | ɑ̘ ɑ̘ː |
- Short /i/ and /u/ are realized as semivowels, [j] and [ɰ] respectively, before vowels and after vowels at the end of utterances.
Stress[]
Stress is non-contrastive in Kaloutan. It is typically placed on the third syllable of a word and expressed with a level high pitch.
Phonotactics[]
- (C)V
- /hi/, /ɣi/, and /ɣu/ are changed to /si/, /i/, and /u/ in all instances
Writing System[]
Native Script[]
The Kaloutans write with a syllabary, meaning each symbol represents a syllable. A few symbols exist for specific words as well. The script is written on clay tablets with a triangular stylus, so it looks very similar to Cuneiform.
| A | O | U | I | E | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | 𒁹 | 𒉺 | 𒈨 | 𒌋 | 𒆕 |
| S | 𒌓 | 𒄞 | 𒊮 | 𒇥 | 𒐼 |
| ‘ | 𒀀 | 𒄑 | 𒊹 | 𒁁 | 𒉌 |
| T | 𒋛 | 𒊩 | 𒄭 | 𒇻 | 𒁺 |
| K | 𒆜 | 𒄷 | 𒁍 | ||
| L | 𒀸 | 𒐀 | 𒌒 | 𒀖 | |
| H | 𒋙 | 𒂷 | 𒈠 | 𒄩 | |
| R | 𒇲 | 𒁲 | 𒉡 | ||
| G | 𒆪 | 𒀊 | 𒀭 |
Pronouns[]
| sg | pl | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | lou | hilou |
| 2 | ‘oga | hi‘oga |
| 3.an | rū | hiu‘a |
| 3.prox | kalo | |
| 3.dist | kata | |
Nouns[]
Number[]
- gea- plural
Case[]
- sa- absolutive
- tu- ergative
Verbs[]
Verbs are placed first in sentences.
Tense[]
Tense particles are placed before the verb.
- i- past
- ria- future
Mood[]
Modal particles are placed after the verb.
- to- interrogative
- tā- intensive
Vocabulary[]
Numbers[]
Example text[]
I ra tatagiuka sītuitu huto ta reta aiea.