Kihā́mmic/Prepositions

Genitive case

• bá (+gen.) = no
  • "There is no water"
• rānā́ (+gen.) = instead of
  • "Instead of sweets, eat fruit"
• káz (+gen.) = without
  • "We can't go without him"
• mī́ (+gen.) = except
  • "Everyone is here except her"
• zûtā́ (+gen.) = because of
  • "The school had to close because of the snow"
• sûčā́ (+gen.) = thanks to
  • "Thanks to the rain, the field was flooded"
• gṓ (+gen.) = amongst
  • "Amongst the contestants was last year's winner"
• pá (+gen.) = for the sake of
  • "For the sake of the plants, it must rain"
• magrā́ (+gen.) = despite, in spite of
  • "Despite the snow the school was open"
• rā́ kā́ (+gen.) = more than
  • "That's been there for more than a week!"

Ablative case

• ayán (+abl.) = away from
  • "They moved away from the city centre a while ago"
• ayû́n (+abl.) = out of
  • "He got out of the car"
• ayón (+abl.) = off
  • "Get off the roof!"
• nán (+abl.) = from
  • "He is from England"
  • "Pick a number from one to ten"
• nánt (+abl.) = from under
  • "Get out from under the table!"
• nábōn (+abl.) = out from behind
  • "They got out from behind the sofa"
• kašā́ (+abl.) = according to
  • "According to the papers that restaurant is fantastic"

Allative case

• ôyán (+all.) = to
  • "I came to this city last year"
• ôyû́n (+all.) = into
  • "They moved into their new house last week"
• ốnunt (+all.) = under
  • "The cat ran under the table"
• ôbṓn (+all.) = behind
  • "They went and hid behind the sofa"
• ôgnā́ (+all.) = past
  • "Go along the river and past the hotel"
• ôkīnā́ (+all.) = beyond
  • "Can we try and walk beyond those hills?"
• ônā́ (+all.) = over
  • "Jump over the fence!"

Instrumental case

• sū́ (+inst.) = with
  • "He writes with his best pen"
• sūá (+inst.) = with [animate]
  • "I went to the cinema with my family"
• ká (+inst.) = by
  • "The museum was opened by the mayor"
  • "The house is surrounded by the police"
• ûká (+inst.) = via
  • "You can get to the school quicker via that shortcut"
• ûčā́ (+inst.) = along
  • "Go along the river then past the hotel"
• ûkrā́ (+inst.) = across
  • "They went across the bridge"
• ûyû́n (+inst.) = through
  • "We need to go through the tunnel"
• pá (+inst.) = for
  • "I'm going to the shops for some milk"
  • "I'm just going to pay for these"
  • "These are for adults, not children!"
• ûsū́ (+inst.) = around
  • "He ran around the track several times"
• krā́g (+inst.) = about
  • "We're talking about the match"
• ûpróv (+inst.) = for, in favour of
  • "He's arguing for speed cameras"
• ízgrā (+inst.) = in, concerning, regarding
  • "Born free and equal in dignity and rights."

Prepositional case

• yû́n (+prep.) = in
  • "Moscow is in Russia"
  • "In April"
  • "On Friday"
  • "On 5^th April"
• yán (+prep.) = at
  • "I'm still at Michael's [house]"
  • "I can't talk at the moment, I'm at work"
  • "At five o'clock"
• yón (+prep.) = on
  • "The lamp is on the desk"
• yén (+prep.) = off
  • "The cat is off the chair"
• únt (+prep.) = under
  • "Our dog is under the table"
• ətā́ (+prep.) = between
  • "Keep this between us"
  • "Pick a number between one and ten"
• tā́ (+prep.) = before
  • "I must get home before my delivery"
• yûtā́ (+prep.) = in front of, before
  • "I'm in front of your house"
• grū́ (+prep.) = near
  • "I stood near the bus stop"
• čā́ (+prep.) = by
  • "We'll wait by the bridge"
• nā́ (+prep.) = over
  • "The plane is now over Milan"
• bṓn (+prep.) = behind
  • "What's behind that door?"
• kīnā́ (+prep.) = beyond
  • "The house is beyond those hills"
• akrā́ (+prep.) = across
  • "There is a bridge across the river."
• péəd (+prep.) = outside
  • "We're waiting outside your house"
• ūnā́ (+prep.) = out of
  • "We're out of the office"
• ízgrā (+prep.) = around
  • "There is a fence around the park"
• kót (+prep.) = against
  • "The ladder is leant against the wall"
• sádan (+prep.) = opposite
  • "There is a café opposite my house"
• û́čnā (+prep.) = next to
  • "Next to the pub is a bank"
• prôvā́ (+prep.) = against, opposed to
  • "I'm against smoking in public"

Terminative case

• yû́nə (+term.) = until, as far as
  • "I'm working until the weekend"
  • "Go as far as the café"
  • "Pick a number from one to ten"
• ə́tə (+term.) = during, in
  • "During the lesson they took notes"
  • "Can I stay for another hour? "
• kī́nə (+term.) = after
  • "After the match they went home"
  • "We'll be home in five minutes"
• yánə (+term.) = by
  • "By four o'clock you have to have left"
• û́š kā́ (+term.) = less than
  • "I've been here for less than two years"

Comparative case

• nṓd (+comp.) = like
  • "He swims like a fish"
• ízgrāk (+comp.) = approximately, about
  • "I have approximately £1000 in the bank"