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| [[]] ' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| Alignment | |||
| Head direction | |||
| Tonal | |||
| No | |||
| Declensions | |||
| No | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| No | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
General information[]
Lō'n'e ['lo:nə] (commonly transcribed in English to Lone [loʊ̯n])
Characteristic features of the language are the extensive liaison and clitics system as well as an unusual grammatical number.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | (m) | n | (ŋ) | ||
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | ||
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | ||
| Trill | r | ||||
| Lateral app. | l |
- Notes:
- [m] is an allophone of /n/ before /p/ and /b/ - [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k/ and /g/.
Vowels[]
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i: | u: | |||
| Near-close | ɪ | ʊ | |||
| Close-mid | o: | ||||
| Mid | ə | ||||
| Open-mid | ɔ | ||||
| Open | a a: |
The Lonese diphthongs are: /aɪ̯/ , /aʊ̯/, /oɪ̯/ and /oʊ̯/.
Stress[]
The stress is always on the last syllable of the word stem.
Phonotactics[]
Sylabble structure is (C)V(C). All words ending in a vowel and all prefixes ending in a vowel have to have a liaison consonant following them which is separated from the word with apostrophes. The liaison consonant is only pronounced when a hiatus would otherwise occur.
Alphabet[]
| Letter | A | Ā | E | I | Ī |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound | [a] | [a:] | [ə] | [ɪ] | [i:] |
| Letter | O | Ō | U | Ū | - |
| Sound | [ɔ] | [o:] | [ʊ] | [u:] | - |
| Letter | B | C | D | F | G |
| Sound | [b] | [ʃ] | [d] | [f] | [g] |
| Letter | J | K | L | N | P |
| Sound | [ʒ] | [k] | [l] | [n], [m], [ŋ] | [p] |
| Letter | R | S | T | V | Z |
| Sound | [r] | [s] | [t] | [v] | [z] |
Nouns[]
| Singular | Plural | Collective | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definite | Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | |||||
| Male | Female | Neuter | Male | Female | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | -toi | -īra | ā + stem | ī + stem | ū + stem | dan + stem | din + stem | dun + stem | - | - |
| Accusative | -toise | -īras | ās + stem | īs + stem | ūs + stem | dans + stem | dins + stem | duns + stem | -s | |
| Allative | -toina | -īran | ān + stem | īn + stem | ūn + stem | dana + stem | dina+ stem | duna+ stem | -n | |
| Ablative | -toile | -īral | āl + stem | īl + stem | ūl + stem | danal+ stem | dinal+ stem | dunal + stem | -l | |