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| Name: Langi
Type: Alignment: Direct Head Direction: Mixed Number of genders: 1 Declensions: Yes Conjugations: Yes
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| Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes |
| Nouns | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adjectives | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Pronouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Particle | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
Phonology[]
| Letter | Sound in English |
| Aa | Ah |
| Ää | Eye |
| Bb | B |
| Cc | Ch |
| Dd | Dd |
| Ee | The Letter "A" |
| Ëë | eh |
| Ff | F |
| Gg | G |
| Hh | H |
| Ii | Ee |
| Jj | J |
| Kk | K |
| Ll | L |
| Mm | M |
| Nn | N |
| Oo | Oh |
| Öö | Oy |
| Pp | P |
| Rr | R |
| Ss | S |
| Ŝŝ | Sh |
| Tt | T |
| Θθ | Th |
| Uu | Oo |
| Vv | V |
| Ww | W |
| Zz | Z |
Grammar[]
Nouns[]
In Langi, there are five cases. They are Abjective, Dative, Genative, Prepositional and Essive. There are also three numbers, Singular, Dual and Plural.
Abjective[]
The Abjective case is the most important. Its nouns end in the suffix -i. Abjective case nouns are used as the subjects and objects of a sentence. For example, in "The cat sees a dog" "cat" is the subject and "dog" is the object.
Dative[]
Dative case nouns end in the suffix -ir. Dative case nouns are used as the indirect objects of a sentence. For example, in "Mary reads the kindergarteners a story" "kindergarteners" is the indirect object.
Genative[]
Genative case nouns end in the suffix -u. Genative case nouns are possessives. For example, in "my friend's book" "my" and "friend's" are possessives.
Prepositional[]
Prepositional case nouns end in the suffix -as. Prepositional case nouns are the objects of prepositions. For example, in "through the woods" "woods" is the object of "through."
Essive[]
Essive case nouns end in the suffix -ä. Essive case nouns in English mean like/as something. For example, in "He dressed like a girl." "girl" is in the essive case.
Numbers[]
Dual is two related items, to form it, add -a. Plural is two unrelated or three or more of anything. To form it, add -o.
Pronouns[]
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Inclusive | Exclusive | Inclusive | Exclusive | |||||||
| ABJ | Mi | Ti | Hi | Ŝi | Li | Mia | Ni | Tia | Lia | Mio | Nio | Tio | Lio |
| DAT | Mir | Tir | Hir | Ŝir | Lir | Mira | Nir | Tira | Lira | Miro | Niro | Tiro | Liro |
| GEN | Mu | Tu | Hu | Ŝu | Lu | Mua | Nu | Tua | Lua | Muo | Nuo | Tuo | Luo |
| PREP | Mas | Tas | Has | Ŝas | Las | Masa | Nas | Tasa | Lasa | Maso | Naso | Taso | Laso |
| ESS | Mä | Tä | Hä | Ŝä | Lä | Mäa | Nä | Täa | Läa | Mäo | Näo | Täo | Läo |
Verbs[]
In Langi, verbs are conjugated by tense and aspect. The four tenses are Past, Present, Future and Future-in-Past. The last one in for things that used to be in the future. The two aspects are perfect and imperfect. Perfect is "he HAS done something" imperfect is not.
| Imperfect | Perfect | |
|---|---|---|
| Past | -on | -an |
| Present | -o | -a |
| Future | -osar | -ar |
| Future-in-Past | -ö | -e |
Adjectives[]
Adjectives end in -at, -oros, or -os
-at: most adjectives
-oros: some adjectives
-os: participles and ordinal #s
Numbers[]
- ini
- di
- sani
- ki
- fi
- eksi
- sebani
- okti
- noni
- deki
- deku ini
- deku di
- deku sani
20. dimat dekia
30. sanimat dekio
40. kimat dekio
50. fimat dekio
27. dimat dekua sebani
100. hundi
200. dimat hundia
378. sanimat hunduo sebanimat dekuo okti ...
Ordinal #s end in -os
- inos
- dos
- sanos
- kos
- fos
- eksos
- sebanos
- oktos
- nonos
- dekos
- deku inos
- deku dos
- deku sanos
20. dimat dekianos
30. sanimat dekionos
40. kimat dekionos
50. fimat dekionos
27. dimat dekua sebanos
100. hundos
200. dimat hundianos
378. sanimat hunduo sebanimat dekuo oktos
Adverbs[]
Adverbs end in -er
Prepositions[]
End in -θ
Particles[]
bak- passive voice
(more to come)