Lencva gi Soc

Soc Lencva gi Soc
Type
Fusional
Alignment
Nominative–accusative
Head direction
Initial
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
No
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect

General information[]

Lencva gi Soc [ˈɫe̞ŋkᶹa ʒi so̞k], or Soc, is a Romance language spoken mostly along the Danube River in Romania, Serbia, Hungary, and Austria. It descended from Latin in its own branch, but it shows small influence from Hungarian.

La Lencva gi Soc, àt Soc, istá ua lencva Romanora lòcvatu prèlunc pre le frumî Danuve èm Romynia, Srevia, Màlhària, è Œstria. Dècendiô èx Latîm èm síu ramu propriu, tè mònstra èmfruenza pàrva èx Màlhàrie.

Phonology[]

The Soc sound inventory features many of the same features of the rest of the living Romance languages, like palatilization. Consonant inventory is medium sized and the vowel system is almost completely symmetrical.

Consonants[]

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Nasal	m	(ɱ)	n		ɲ	(ŋ)	(ɴ)
Plosive	p		t d			k kᶹ g
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ ʒ			χ ʁ
Affricate					ɟ͡ʝ
Lateral app.			ɫ

Vowels[]

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iə̯	ɨ	u uə̯
Mid-close	eɪ̯		oʊ̯
Mid	e̞ ø̞		o̞
Open	a		ɑ

Alphabet[]

Letter	Name	Sound
A a	a	a
À à	àv	ɑ
B b	ve	v
C c	ce	k, ʃ
D d	de	d
E e	e	e̞
È è	èj	eɪ̯
F f	èfe	f
G g	ge	g, ʒ
H h	ace	ʃ
I i	i	i
Ì ì	ìm	iə̯
J j	jot	ʒ
K k	ca	k
L l	èle	ɫ
M m	ème	m (ɱ)
N n	ène	n (ɲ, ŋ, ɴ)
O o	o	o̞
Ò ò	òv	oʊ̯
Œ œ	œj	ø̞
P p	pe	p
Q q	cù	kᶹ
R r	ère	χ, ʁ
S s	èse	s
T t	te	t
U u	u	u
Ù ù	ùm	uə̯
V v	ùve	v
W w	dúvlùve	v
X x	èx	ʃ
Y y	y	ɨ
Z z	zat	ʃ

Digraphs[]

	Sound	Example
Ch	k	ichî [iˈkiə̯]
Cv	kᶹ	secvire [se̞ˈkᶹiʁe̞]
Gh	g	joghere [ʒo̞ˈge̞ʁe̞]
Gs	ɡ͡z	nògsa [ˈnoʊ̯ɡ͡za]
Lh	ɟ͡ʝ	pùlhu [ˈpuə̯ɟ͡ʝu]
Nh	ɲ	rènhare [χeɪ̯ˈɲaʁe̞]
Rr	χ	rarru [ˈχaχu]

Phonotactics[]

Sound Changes from Latin[]

loss of b /b/, merged with v /v/.
c /k/ palatalized to /ʃ/ before e, è, i, ì, and y.
er and final -r became re
g /g/ palatalized to /ʒ/ before e, è, i, ì, and y.
gn /ŋn/ became nh /ɲ/.
gu /gʷ/ became gh.
loss of /h/ as a phoneme.
j /j/ became /ʒ/.
ll /l/ became lh /ɟ͡ʝ/.
qu /kʷ/ became ch /k/ or cv /kᶹ/.
alveolar /r/ became uvular /χ/ word-initially and as rr, and became /ʁ/ elsewhere.
l following a consonant usually became r.
x /ks/ became gs /ɡ͡z/.
vowel length lost, often becoming diphthongs.
- ā became à /ɑ/.
- ē became è /eɪ̯/.
- ī became ì /iə̯/.
- ō became ò /oʊ̯/.
- ū became ù /uə̯/.
final -o often became -u.
diphthongs often changed or reduced.
- ae and ei merge with ē to become è /eɪ̯/.
- au and eu merge with ā to become à /ɑ/.
- ou merged with ō to become ò /oʊ̯/.
- oe became œ /ø̞/.
- ui became y /ɨ/.
ul combination often reduced to y

Grammar[]

Nouns[]

While the neuter gender died out during the evolution from Latin to Soc, masculine and feminine gender stayed with nouns and their adjectives. For the most part, neuter nouns merged with masculine nouns, but some of them did become feminine. Along with gender, Soc nouns and adjectives lost every declension except for number.

Number[]

No matter the gender, all nouns get a -s or -es ending to make them plural. Nouns ending in a vowel get an added -s (sémele→sémeles). In nouns ending in -m, the -m is changed to -n and an -s is added (aczóm→aczóns). For nouns that end in any other consonant, an -es is added (príncep→príncepes).

Pronouns[]

Personal[]

Unlike nouns, personal pronouns can appear in genitive, accusative, and dative forms.

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative
1st person singular	Ì	Míu(s), Mía(s)	Mim	Mì
1st person plural	Nòs	Nu(s), Núa(s)	Nòs	Nos
2nd person singular	Tuv	Tíu(s), Tía(s)	Tim	Tì
2nd person plural	Vòs	Vu(s), Vúa(s)	Vòs	Vos
3rd person singular	Ele, Ela	Síu(s), Sía(s)	Sim	Sì
3rd person plural	Eles, Elas	Su(s), Súa(s)	Sins	Les

Demonstrative[]

	Singular	Plural
Proximal	ichî	ichîs
Medial	esti	estis
Distal	elhi	elhis

Interrogative[]

	Singular	Plural
Which	cvot	cvotes
What	cvi	cvis
Who, whom	cvix	cvices
Whose	cvíu	cvíus
Where	uv	uves
Whence	unc	unches
Whither	uvu	uvus
When	cvandu	cvandus
How much/many	cvantu	cvantus
Why, wherefore	cvare
Whether	num

Verbs[]

Infinitives can take three endings that determine how they will conjugate: -are, -ere, and -ire endings. From its ancestor Latin, many verb forms were lost and Soc only retained present, past, future, participle, and gerund conjugations. It is important to not that other aspects and voices can be expressed using different combinations of those five forms.

Present[]

	natare	iscrivere	àdire
Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
First person	natù		nátamas		iscrivu	iscrívemes	àdy	âdimes
Second person	natas		nátax		iscrives	iscrívex	àdis	âdix
Third Person	nata		nátanc		iscrive	iscrívenc	àdi	âdinc

Past[]

	natare	iscrivere	àdire
Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
First person	naté		natamus		iscrivê	iscrivemus	àdí	àdímus
Second person	natasti		natastis		iscrivesti	iscrivestis	àdisti	àdistis
Third Person	natet		natáronc		iscrivèt	iscrivéronc	àdit	àdíronc

Future[]

	natare	iscrivere	àdire
Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
First person	natavé		natavames		iscrivevé	iscrivevemes	àdivé	àdivimes
Second person	natavés		natavex		iscrivevés	iscrivevex	àdivés	àdivex
Third Person	natavê		natavárenc		iscrivevê	iscrivevérenc	àdivê	àdivírenc

Participle[]

	natare	iscrivere	àdire
Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Participle	natatu		natatus		iscrivetu		iscrivetus		àditu		àditus

Gerund[]

	natare	iscrivere	àdire
Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Gerund	natàndu		natàndus		iscrivèndu		iscrivèndus		àdìndu		àdìndus

Syntax[]

Soc sentences generally follow an SVO structure. Sentences that lack an object are often VS, and questions are VSO.

Vocabulary[]

Most of the vocabulary comes from Classical and Vulgar Latin but some influence in vocabulary came early in its development from Hungarian. These words only make up about 1% of the actual lexicon.

Comparison with Related Languages[]

Underlined words share the same root.

Soc	English	Latin	Romanian	Hungarian	French	Italian	Spanish	Portuguese
dì	day	die	zi	nap	jour	giorno	día	dia
nògsa	night	nocte	noapte	éjszaka	nuit	notte	noche	noite
sole	sun	sol	soare	nap	soleil	sole	sol	sol
lòa	moon	luna	lună	hold	lune	luna	luna	lua
cœre	heart	cor	inimă	szív	cœur	cuore	corazón	coração
frefe	man	homo	om	férfi	homme	uomo	hombre	homem
nœ	woman	mulier	femeie	nő	femme	donna	mujer	mulher
sémele	person	persona	persoană	személy	personne	persona	persona	pessoa
lhrémec	child	puer	copil	gyermek	enfant	bambino	niño	criança
árvore	tree	ligno	copac	fa	arbre	albero	árbol	árvore
fè	head	caput	cap	fej	tête	testa	cabeza	cabeça
manu	hand	manu	mână	kéz	main	mano	mano	mão
Dàs	God	deus	dumnezeu	Isten	Dieu	Dio	Dios	Deus
vìj	water	aqua	apă	víz	eau	acqua	agua	água
ère	air	aeris	aer	levegő	air	aria	aire	ar
tyj	fire	ignis	foc	tűz	feu	fuoco	fuego	fogo
fœlt	earth	terra	pământ	föld	terre	terra	tierra	terra

Example text[]

The Little Prince[]

"In those days, I didn't understand anything. I should have judged her according to her actions, not her words. She perfumed my planet and lit up my life. I should never have run away! I ought to have realized the tenderness underlying her silly pretensions. Flowers are so contradictory! But I was too young to know how to love her." ― Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, The Little Prince

"Èm elhis dìs, nu èntelhigê nichi. Devichê avere jùdicatu sim sicúm gi sías aczóns, nu gi síus verves. Ela òdoret mía pranèta è ilhuminet mía vìta. Nuncvam devichê avere cùrretu! Devichê avere èntelhigetu la tenhèrum sùf sías prètenzóns rèdículas. Tà contradictorias las fròs! Tè ytru jùvem isté pra èntelhigere cvomu amare sim."

― Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Le Príncep Pœrem

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone[]

"Mr. and Mrs. Dursley, of number four, Privet Drive, were proud to say that they were perfectly normal, thank you very much. They were the last people you'd expect to be involved in anything strange or mysterious, because they just didn't hold with such nonsense."

― J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone

"Ecve è Ecva Dursley, gi númeru cvatore, Ligustru Pracia, istáronc orgulhosus pra dicere cvi eles istáronc prèfectamém normales, gracias mytus. Istáronc les sémeles ýtimes alcvîs èxpecta cvi ista èmpricatu cvùm alcvit rarru àt mýsticu, pracví mòdu nu èxchipiáronc cvùm tala èneptia."

― J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter è le Làpe gil Magu

The Bible[]

"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters."

― Genesis 1:1-2

"Èm le ènitiu Dàs favricet les cœles è le fœlt. Gelemlec le fœlt istet ènefijatu è vacvu, la tenevra istet supre le suprefice gi la profunditat, è le Ispíritu gi Dàs istet frytàndu supre les vìjes."

― Gênesis 1:1-2

The Odyssey[]

"Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turns… driven time and again off course, once he had plundered the hallowed heights of Troy. Many cities of men he saw and learned their minds, many pains he suffered, heartsick on the open sea, fighting to save his life and bring his comrades home. But he could not save them from disaster, hard as he strove—the recklessness of their own ways destroyed them all, the blind fools, they devoured the cattle of the Sun and the Sungod blotted out the day of their return. Launch out on his story, Muse, daughter of Zeus, start from where you will—sing for our time too."

― Homer, The Odyssey

"Èneche mì gil frefe, Musa, le frefe gi les torcvences è les fregsus… pròvejatu àv l'ìtre mytu sèpe, sèmí ele avèt ràtatu les àltitudus santificates gi Trœ. Ele vidit mytas urvas gi sémeles è dicèt sus animus, ele patiet mytus fèdaluns, ègritudu gil cœre èm el mare apretu, punhàndu pra salvare sía vìta è aportare síus sòzus tà dòmu. Tè ele nu pòsèt salvare sins èx calâmita, cvà duru cvà afectet—la temeritat gi sus ìtres sujus pròfrighet l'omne gi sins, les fósores chègus, eles dèvoret la màrra gil sole è le Dàs gi sole maculet le dì gi su règresu. Èmite èm síu narratiu, Musa, filha gi Zàs, ènitia èx ò ènitiavés–èneche itiàm pra nus tempus."

― Homer, L'Ôdyse