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Eçeþesi/Sandbox/5
Type Fusional~Agglutinative
Alignment Active-Stative
Head direction
Tonal No
Declensions Yes
Conjugations Yes
Genders 3
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect
Meta-information
Progress 0%
Statistics
Nouns 0%
Verbs 0%
Adjectives 0%
Syntax 0%
Words ? of 1500
Creator Eçeþesi

This is very much so a work in progress, so bear with me... >.>

Mvöihłòxt, [ɤi̭ʟ̊ɔχt̠], anglicized Vailoqt

General information[]

Phonology[]

Consonants[]

Bilabial

Labio-dental Bidental Interdental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m̊ m n̟̊ n̟ n̠̊ n̠ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ
Plosive pʰ b t̟ʰ d̟ t̠ʰ d̠ cʰ ɟ kʰ g ʔ
Fricative f v h̪͆ s z ʃ ʒ ç ʝ x ɣ
Approximant ȷ̊ j ʍ̈ ẅ h
Flap or tap ɾ
Trill
Lateral fric. ɬ̟ ɮ̟
Lateral app. l̟̊ l̟ ʎ̊ ʎ ʟ̊ ʟ
Click !

Vowels[]

Front Central Back
High i ʉ
High-mid e ø ɤ o
Mid ə
Low-mid ɛ ɔ
Low ä
  • in some dialects, vowels may become allophonically nasal when preceded by a nasal(ized) consonant or /!/; in these dialects, /a/ becomes [æ̃] when nasal
  • /i/ and /ʉ/ become backed to [ɨ] and [u] when adjacent to a velar or uvular consonant

Mvöihłòxt utilizes numerous diphthongs. Following is a chart of possible diphthongs, with initial components on the first column and secondary components on the first row; headers are in IPA and cells are in orthography.

i e ø ɛ ä ʉ ɤ o ɔ
i iu
e ea eu eo
ø øi øu øo
ɛ èi èu èö èò
ä ai ae au ao
ə äi äe äu
ʉ ui
ɤ öi öe öø öu öò
o oe
ɔ òi òè òa

Alphabet[]

M m /m/ G g /g/
HM hm /m̊/ X x /x/
P p /pʰ/ Q q /ɣ/
B b /b/ L l /l̟/
F f /f/ HL hl /l̟̊/
V v /v/ Λ λ /ʎ/
Ń ń /n̟/ HΛ hλ /ʎ̊/
HŃ hń /n̟̊/ Ł ł /ʟ/
Ŧ ŧ /t̟ʰ/ HŁ hł /ʟ̊/
Đ đ /d̟/ R r /ɾ/
Θ θ /ɬ̟/ HR hr /r̊/
Ʒ ʒ /ɮ̟/ H h, Ḣ ḣ /h/
S s /s/ ' /ʔ/
Z z /z/ Ħ ħ /h̪͆/
N n /n̠/ ! /!/
HN hn /n̠̊/ Y y /j/
T t /t̠ʰ/ HY hy /ȷ̊/
D d /d̠/ W w /ẅ/
Ś ś /ʃ/ HW hw /ʍ̈/
Ź ź /ʒ/ A a /ä/
Ñ ñ /ɲ/ Ä ä /ə/
HÑ hñ /ɲ̊/ E e /e/
C c /cʰ/ È è /ɛ/
J j /ɟ/ I i /i/
Ç ç /ç/ O o /o/
Ĵ ĵ /ʝ/ Ö ö /ɤ/
Ŋ ŋ /ŋ/ Ò ò /ɔ/
HŊ hŋ /ŋ̊/ Ø ø /ø/
K k /kʰ/ U u /ʉ/
  • <Ḣ ḣ> may be used to distinguish the consonant /h/ from a component of a digraph if clarification is necessary.

Phonotactics[]

Syllables in Mvöihłòxt are of the form (C)(C)C(Y)V(C)(C), where C is a consonant, Y is a glide, and V is a vowel or diphthong. /!/ may not occur in the coda. Initial consonant clusters can be in the form of OO, NO, SO, OL, OS, OOL, OOS, SOL, SN, NL, or SNL, where O is an obstruent, N is a nasal, L is a liquid, and S is a sibilant. Codal clusters may be in the form OO, SO, OS, LO, LS, NS, or NO. /h/, /h̪͆/ and /!/ may not form clusters.

Allophony and Sandhi[]

All consonants in a cluster must be either voiced or unvoiced (agreeing with the voicing of the first consonant of the second morpheme). When an NO cluster begins a word, it becomes reduced to either a mere nasal stop if the obstruent is a voiced plosive, or a nasalized fricative if the obstruent was a voiced fricative; otherwise the nasal is elided. When postalveolars are followed by front vowels, they become palatal, and when palatals are followed by back vowels, they become postalveolars. Voiceless plosives become fricatives intervocalically, though not if the following vowel is open. Interdental plosives become linguolabial before rounded vowels, and glottal stops following plosives form ejectives. An /h/ following a plosive affricatizes that consonant, and also devoices voiced consonants, but is then elided. In a series of two voiced plosives, the first plosive becomes a nasal. Velar fricatives become uvular when adjacent to back vowels, and voiceless plosives become deaspirated when not followed by a vowel.

Grammar[]

Gender Cases Numbers Tenses Persons Moods Voices Aspects
Verb Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Nouns Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Adjectives Yes Yes No No No No No No
Numbers No No No No No No No No
Participles No No No Yes No Yes No Yes
Adverb No No No No No No No No
Pronouns Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No
Adpositions No No No No No No No No
Article Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Particle No No No No No No No No


Nouns[]

Nouns decline for five cases: ergative (also called active or agentive), absolutive (also called passive or patientive), dative, genitive, and prepositional; and three numbers: singular, dual, and plural.

Verbs[]

Verbs conjugate for four tenses: present, past, future, and general; for two aspects: perfective and imperfective; nine moods: indicative, conditional, subjunctive, desiderative, necessitative, hypothetical, imperative, jussive, and interrogative (the latter three do not have independent markers but are marked by rearranging other markers); and agree with their subject's and object's person, gender, and number.

Pronouns[]

Mvöihłòxt pronouns come in four persons: first, second, third, and fourth; three numbers: singular, dual, and plural; and 5 cases: active, passive, dative, genitive, and prepositional. Pronouns in the first and second persons do not have active or passive cases, and pronouns in the first person as well as dual and plural pronouns do not distinguish gender. Dual and plural first person pronouns do not distinguish clusivity, but there is a three-tiered T-V distinction in the second person singular.

Adjuncts[]

Syntax[]

Vocabulary[]


No. English Vailoqt
1I
2you (singular)
3he
4we
5you (plural)
6they
7this
8that
9here
10there
11who
12what
13where
14when
15how
16not
17all
18many
19some
20few
21other
22one
23two
24three
25four
26five
27big
28long
29wide
30thick
31heavy
32small
33short
34narrow
35thin
36woman
37man (adult male)
38man (human being)
39child
40wife
41husband
42mother
43father
44animal
45fish
46bird
47dog
48louse
49snake
50worm
51tree
52forest
53stick
54fruit
55seed
56leaf
57root
58bark
59flower
60grass
61rope
62skin
63meat
64blood
65bone
66fat
67egg
68horn
69tail
70feather
71hair
72head
73ear
74eye
75nose
76mouth
77tooth
78tongue
79fingernail
80foot
81leg
82knee
83hand
84wing
85belly
86guts
87neck
88back
89breast
90heart
91liver
92drink
93eat
94bite
95suck
96spit
97vomit
98blow
99breathe
100laugh
101see
102hear
103know
104think
105smell
106fear
107sleep
108live
109die
110kill
111fight
112hunt
113hit
114cut
115split
116stab
117scratch
118dig
119swim
120fly
121walk
122come
123lie
124sit
125stand
126turn
127fall
128give
129hold
130squeeze
131rub
132wash
133wipe
134pull
135push
136throw
137tie
138sew
139count
140say
141sing
142play
143float
144flow
145freeze
146swell
147sun
148moon
149star
150water
151rain
152river
153lake
154sea
155salt
156stone
157sand
158dust
159earth
160cloud
161fog
162sky
163wind
164snow
165ice
166smoke
167fire
168ash
169burn
170road
171mountain
172red
173green
174yellow
175white
176black
177night
178day
179year
180warm
181cold
182full
183new
184old
185good
186bad
187rotten
188dirty
189straight
190round
191sharp
192dull
193smooth
194wet
195dry
196correct
197near
198far
199right
200left
201at
202in
203with
204and
205if
206because
207name


Example text[]

  • Ènbraθisxäeŧ Mvöihłòxcèź.
    • "I [male] speak Vailoqt." IPA: [ɛn̠bɾaɬ̟isxəḙt̟ ṽɤi̭ʟ̊ɔχcʰɛʒ]
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