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| Mygdållaðr mygdɒllɑðə | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| Fusional | |||
| Alignment | |||
| Tripartite | |||
| Head direction | |||
| Final | |||
| Tonal | |||
| No | |||
| Declensions | |||
| Yes | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| Yes | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
General information[]
Mygdållaðr is a language spoken in the northern lands, where there is much plague, famine, and war. The name Mygdållaðr means "mouth release" or "mind release", because Myg can take on both meanings. Many terms for specific materials are borrowed from Theubeg because the northern tribes do not have the technology necessary for said materials. The winters are harsh and barren, while the summers are hot and filled with packs of ravenous animals picking the already scarce food supply dry.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | |||||||||
| Fricative | β | f v | θ ð | s | ʃ | ɣ | h | |||||
| Affricate | ||||||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||||||
| Trill | ||||||||||||
| Flap or tap | ɾ | |||||||||||
| Lateral fric. | ||||||||||||
| Lateral app. | l | |||||||||||
| Lateral flap |
Vowels[]
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i y | ɯ | |||
| Near-close | ɪ ʏ | ||||
| Close-mid | ø | o | |||
| Mid | ə | ||||
| Open-mid | ʌ | ||||
| Near-open | æ | ||||
| Open | ɑ ɒ |
Transcription[]
| IPA | Transcription |
|---|---|
| i | i |
| y | y |
| ɯ | u |
| ɪ | e |
| ʏ | é |
| ø | ø |
| o | o |
| ʌ | ó |
| æ | æ |
| ɑ | a |
| ɒ | å |
| ə | r |
| m | m |
| n | n |
| ŋ | ŋ |
| p | p |
| b | b |
| t | t |
| d | d |
| k | k |
| g | g |
| β | β |
| f | f |
| v | v |
| θ | þ |
| ð | ð |
| s | s |
| ʃ | š |
| ɣ | ǧ |
| h | h |
| j | j |
| w | w |
| ɾ | r |
| l | l |
- The vowel /ə/ only occurs at the end of neutral case nouns and must not be confused with the alveolar tap /ɾ/.
- The consonant /β/ is rare and often mistaken with the consonant /v/, the distinction is only maintained in written manuscripts with the subsequent homophones replaced in day to day speech.
Phonotactics[]
The main syllables are V, CV, and CVS. V is any vowel, C is any consonant, and S is any stop/plosive. CV(l), CV(s), or CV(n) can only occur if the next consonant is the same, and the CV(n), CV(ng), CV(ð), and CV(r) syllables can only occur at the end of a word not counting affixes. No more than two adjacent V syllables can occur. There are three states of stress realized by pitch accent: stressed, unstressed, and rising stress. Stops can be aspirated or unaspirated depending on the speaker. Adjacent identical stops geminate, and the first of a pair of different stops cannot aspirate. The default stress pattern is the first syllable stressed and then the second unstressed, and so on. If the syllable is before a geminated consonant, it is always stressed. If there are two of such syllables adjacent to each other, the second syllable is rising stress. This pattern repeats if there are more geminate syllables. Voice, definiteness, and number prefixes are not taken into account on the stress pattern and are unstressed by default. Single V syllables without adjacent vowels also fall into this category. Conjunctions have variable stress and are the opposite of the syllable before them.
Grammar[]
| Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Nouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Adjectives | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
| Numbers | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Pronouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Adpositions | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns[]
Nouns use prefixes to denote voice and definiteness, and suffixes to denote case, number, and gender. The voice prefix is only attached to the subject and precedes the definiteness prefix. The definiteness prefix is y, and the prefix for marking passive voice is van. The default voice is always active. Cases that modify other words precede the modified word. The following table is a paradigm of the animate noun ataŋr, which means bear.
| Case | Collective | Singulative | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neutral | ataŋr | ataŋ | ataŋrrar | ataŋrne |
| Ergative | ataŋnir | ataŋnur | ataŋaran | ataŋþå |
| Accusative | ataŋi | ataŋnor | ataŋto | ataŋnér |
| Absolutive | ataŋtun | ataŋnóþe | ataŋšød | ataŋjor |
| Genitive | ataŋmå | ataŋsir | ataŋven | ataŋþing |
| Dative | ataŋðæ | ataŋæo | ataŋker | ataŋéege |
The following table is a paradigm of the inanimate noun koǧaðr, which means rock.
| Case | Collective | Singulative | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neutral | koǧaðr | koǧað | koǧaðrne | koǧaðrbo |
| Ergative | koǧaðfar | koǧaðmi | koǧaðtora | koǧaðråd |
| Accusative | koǧaðror | koǧaðmut | koǧaðronnun | koǧaðturin |
| Absolutive | koǧaðnan | koǧaðgor | koǧaðvannen | koǧaðþag |
| Genitive | koǧaðrolli | koǧaðmir | koǧaðtig | koǧaðþoror |
| Dative | koǧaðhud | koǧaðtur | koǧaðrad | koǧaðuo |
If the case can be implied, proper nouns usually revert to the neutral singulative case or the neutral collective case in a sentence.
Derivations[]
Nouns must always end with a final consonant to accommodate the suffix system. There are several derivational suffixes to change the word class or alter the meaning. The following table is a paradigm of the noun jagtirr, meaning book.
| Word | Derivation | English |
|---|---|---|
| jagtir | noun to adjective | in the manner of a book |
| jagtirjud | noun to characteristic adjective | resembling a book |
| jagtirmop | noun to qualitative adjective | quality like that of a book |
| jagtiråþen | noun to movement verb | to open a book |
| jagtirtomon | noun to usage verb | to turn a page of a book |
| jagtiranir | noun to prolonged action verb | to study a book intensely |
| jagtirøðet | noun to causative verb | to make into a book |
| jagtirfogog | noun to repetition verb | to reread a book |
| jagtirholenr | noun to place noun | library |
| jagtirdødr | noun to collection noun | book collection |
| jagtirtygr | noun to inhabitant noun | book dweller |
| jagtirsaŋr | noun to associated tool noun | book-binding glue |
| jagtirfutr | noun to negative noun | firewood |
| jagtirvodr | noun to augmentative noun | great book |
| jagtirananr | noun to diminutive noun | bookie |
| jagtiršek | noun to demonym adjective | bookian |
Verbs[]
Verbs use ablaut usually located in the last syllable to denote tense, and have a limited number of moods indicated by prefix. The pronomial object of the verb can be expressed using a series of suffixes. Aspect is expressed by attaching either helping verbs or adjectives to elaborate on the tense. Verbs can be made transitive or intransitive by forming compound verbs. The words attached after the verb to form a compound verb serve the purpose of adpositions.
Tense[]
There are two distinct patterns of ablaut split into back vowel endings and front vowel endings. The following table is a paradigm of front and back vowel verbs and their different tense forms. The near future and recent past tenses can be altered to nonrecent and far future tenses with the time specific negative prefix jon.
| Hesternal Past
(yesterday) |
Matutinal Past
(this morning) |
Recent Past
(in the last few days) |
Immediate Past
(just now) |
Nonpast
(either present or future) |
Immediate Future
(right now) |
Near Future
(soon) |
Crastinal Future
(tomorrow) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tyredi
(to run) |
tyredu | tyredå | tyredó | tyreduu | tyredi | tyredóó | tyreda | tyredo |
| boksåt
(to eat) |
boksit | bokset | boksyt | boksét | boksåt | boksiite | boksæt | boksøt |
Aspect[]
The following are some common helping verbs and adjectives used to denote aspect. Other constructions can also express these aspects, but most have become archaic.
| Aspect | Adjective/Verb(s) |
|---|---|
| perfective or infinitive | unmarked |
| progressive | tygho
(to go on) |
| stative | hallahor
(to continue to be) |
| habitual | huri
(habitual) |
Mood[]
The following moods can be expressed by prefixes, although their usage has become dated and relegated to literary works. Speakers usually omit these prefixes in favor of the ending interjection.
| Mood | Prefix |
|---|---|
| indicative | unmarked |
| subjunctive | vån |
| conditional | o |
| imperative | kan |
| interrogative | by |
- The subjunctive indicates a possiblility of the verb to happen.
- The conditional mood forms a subclause without the need for a conjunction.
Pronoun Object[]
If the object of the sentence is a pronoun, it can be expressed by attaching the appropriate suffix.
| Person | Animate | Inanimate |
|---|---|---|
| First Person Singular | u | n/a |
| First Person Inclusive | dir | n/a |
| First Person Exclusive | gir | n/a |
| Second Person Singular | é | i |
| Second Person Plural | kog | san |
| Third Person Singular | a | ó |
| Third Person Plural | kir | natø |
| Fourth Person | sø | sø |
| Verb Referent | jir | jir |
| Subject Referent | ða | ðid |
| Object Referent | hin | hin |
Compound Verbs[]
There are several common morphemes that serve the purpose of creating an equivalent of a postpositional phrase, with the rest of the construction occurring before the verb. The ablaut pattern still applies to the original verb. Compound verbs may be further compounded to The following table is a paradigm of the verb hallo, which means to walk.
| Compound Verb | English | Example |
|---|---|---|
| hallohiŋ | to walk-near | mahållegr hallohiŋ
to walk while near a house |
| hallowyn | to walk-beside | mahållegr hallowyn
to walk while next to a house |
| halloveŋ | to walk-inside | mahållegr halloveŋ
to walk while inside a house |
| hallowiden | to walk-between | mahållegrbo hallowiden
to walk while between houses |
| hallonuder | to walk-location | mahållegr hallonuder
to walk while at a house |
| hallokótton | to walk-contact | mahållegr hallokótton
to walk while touching a house |
| hallomujé | to walk-below | mahållegr hallomujé
to walk while under a house |
| hallogopten | to walk-surface | mahållegr hallogopten
to walk while on top of a house |
| hallonun | to walk-away | mahållegr hallonun
to walk away from a house |
| hallogoptennun | to walk-surface-away | mahållegr hallogoptennun
to walk away from on top of a house |
| hallovegden | to walk-beginning | mahållegr hallovegden
to walk beginning from a house |
| hallojodnå | to walk-goal | mahållegr hallojodnå
to walk to a house |
| halloseggir | to walk-shelter | mahållegr halloseggir
to walk into a house |
| hallojykke | to walk-hide | mahållegr hallojykke
to walk on top of/under a house |
| hallovojøn | to walk-an ending | mahållegr hallovojøn
to walk as far as a house |
| halloben | to walk-tunnel | mahållegr halloben
to walk through a house |
| hallomansøt | to walk-ledge | mahållegr hallomansøt
to walk along a house |
| hallotogyr | to walk-use | mahållegr hallotogyr
to walk by way of a house |
| hallopetån | to walk-bridge | mahållegr hallopetån
to walk across a house |
| hallohét | to walk-hour | tati yhét hallohét
to walk at the seventh hour |
| hallovyŋ | to walk-time | tat hétrbo hallovyŋ
to walk for seven hours |
| hallojonnek | to walk-date | soŋþoror yhik hallojonnek
to walk on the Day of Stars |
| hallomiŋ | to walk-relate | ykatopmen ki mahållegr hallojodnåmiŋ*
to walk to the merchant concerning a house |
| hallohunir | to walk-fear | ymahålleg hallohunir
to walk avoiding the house |
| hallogubød | to walk-benefit | ymahålleg hallogubød
to walk for the house |
| hallobunnór | to walk-reason | ymahålleg hallobunnór
to walk because of the house |
| hallogutti | to walk-reward | mahållegr hallogutti
to walk for a house |
| hallowodir | to walk-company | konunr hallowodir
to walk with a friend |
| hallodi | to walk-piece | tat hétrbo ki mahållegr hallovyŋdi*
to walk for seven hours per house |
| hallomin | to walk-interval | hikr hallomin
to walk daily |
| hallovathur | to walk-tool | fikketr hallovathur
to walk equipped with a stick |
| hallovuhug | to walk-be possessed | ymahålleg hallojodnåvuhug
to walk to the owned house |
| hallohug | to walk-possess | ymahålleg ki ykatopmen hallojodnåhug
to walk to the house owned by the merchant |
| halloþenir | to walk-absent | konunr halloþenir
to walk without a friend |
| hallolannað | to walk-be similar | fikketr hallolannað
to walk like a stick |
| halloǧat | to walk-group | mahållegr ki duripr halloguttiǧat*
to walk for a house along with a cellar |
- The conjunction ki is used to link together two or more postpositional phrases.
Derivations[]
Other word classes and meanings can be derived from verbs through various affixes. The following table is a paradigm of the verb tæd, meaning to burn (intransitive).
| Word | Derivation | English |
|---|---|---|
| otæd | verb to adjective | burnable |
| satæd | verb to participle | burned |
| mytæd | verb to transitive verb | to burn (transitive) |
| vumytæd | verb to intransitive verb | to be burned (intransitive) |
| tædlonr | verb to actvity noun | act of burning |
| tædjønr | verb to specific action noun | a burning |
| kitædnikr | verb to agent noun | burner |
| tædsónr | verb to patient noun | burnee |
| etædvinr | verb to manner noun | manner of burning |
| atædnokr | verb to ability noun | ability of burning |
| tæddarr | verb to result noun | burn |
| tædnutr | verb to object noun | gunpowder |
| sutæd | verb to negative verb | unburn |
| fytæd | verb to supine verb | did to burn |
Copula[]
The first copula is the verb y and serves the purpose of linking subject and predicate as an essential characteristic. The second copula is the verb oli and serves the purpose of linking subject and predicate as a temporary state. The second copula's first syllable can be inflected for aspect instead of being modified by aspect adjectives as follows:
| Copula | Aspect |
|---|---|
| oli | perfective |
| ili | progressive |
| óli | stative |
| æli | habitual |
Postpositions[]
There are several postpositions borrowed from Theubeg that are attached to the noun and placed before the modified word.
| Postposition | Usage |
|---|---|
| móbe | being as |
| sóbkemæzó | comparable to |
| suknóso | temporarily being as |
| dipo | shaped as |
| šegin | from being as |
| lineminæ | identical to |
| sótóte | oriented towards |
| nopóðo | oriented backwards to |
| lotegpæ | turning into |
| gepu | after |
| pet | before |
| wineðe | during |
Adjectives[]
The adjectives are attached before the modified word. The standard adjective order is as follows:
- Head Noun
- Noun Adjunct
- Proper Adjective
- Qualifier
- Intensifier
- Quantifier (placed in front of head noun if there is a demonstrative)
- Demonstrative
Example:
døn ho vær dyronšek wigmå kahekr gudin
this very small Dyronian mine bird some
some of these very small Dyronian birds of mine.
Intensifiers[]
| Intensifier | English |
|---|---|
| ho | very |
| ma | somewhat |
| nije | not at all |
| jor | most |
| muhon | least |
| gigo | too |
Derivations[]
Other word classes and meanings can be derived from adjectives through various affixes. The following table is a paradigm of the adjective ginå, meaning honest.
| Word | Derivation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ginånr* | adjective to noun | honesty |
| niginå | adjective to verb | to make honest |
| ginåy | adjective to semblative adjective | somewhat honest |
| ginånu | adjective to comparative adjective | more honest |
| ginånuu | adjective to elative adjective | even more honest |
| ginånot | adjective to superlative adjective | most honest |
| eginåki | adjective to negative adjective | dishonest |
- The n is only added if the adjective does not have a final consonant.
Numbers[]
Mygdållaðr uses a base ten numeral system. Numbers can act as adjectives or nouns. The numbers can be used to count order by adding the suffix i.
| Number | Meaning |
|---|---|
| jøt | one |
| li | two |
| ša | three |
| šyn | four |
| u | five |
| lóg | six |
| tat | seven |
| dad | eight |
| gud | nine |
| só | ten |
| hijo | hundred |
| sojo | thousand |
| meni | ten thousand |
| mæt* | hundred thousand |
| wit* | million |
- Cognate with a Theubeg number.
Pro-form[]
Pronouns[]
Pronouns are inflected and declined for person and gender from the pronoun mydr.
| Person | Animate | Inanimate |
|---|---|---|
| First Person Singular | mydr | n/a |
| First Person Inclusive | modr | n/a |
| First Person Exclusive | modwenr | n/a |
| Second Person Singular | médr | midanr |
| Second Person Plural | mérr | misanr |
| Third Person Singular | madr | módr |
| Third Person Plural | makr | matønr |
| Fourth Person | mødr | mysønr |
| Verb Referent | midðinr | midðinr |
| Subject Referent | midr | myðidr |
| Object Referent | minr | minr |
- If a verb referent is used as a noun, it refers to the previous compound verb's modifying word.
Pro-verbs[]
The three pro-verbs are:
- to do - simot
- to be - tolo
- to use - togyr
Pro-adjectives[]
The only pro-adjective is soke, which is borrowed from Theubeg and means like so, or in this way.
Correlatives[]
This table contains the different interrogatives, demonstratives, and quantifiers. The correlatives can serve as irregular nouns. The ones derived from Theubeg are considered more formal.
| Interrogative | Proximal | Medial | Distal | Existential | Elective | Universal | Negatory | Alternative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Determiner | vit
what |
døn
kokot* this |
gut
jógki* that |
fan
šoper* yon |
gudin
šunæt* some |
værin
any |
fonnod
dækóp* every |
hig
no |
vun
another |
| Animate | vattig
who |
døn
kokot* this |
gut
jógki* that |
fan
šoper* yon |
rathin
gudinnog šunætnog* someone |
durat
værinnog anyone |
fonnodnog
everyone |
hignog
no one |
vikfir
someone else |
| Inanimate | valur
what |
den
this |
gad
that |
fon
yon |
rotjen
gudinvær šunætvær* something |
værinvær
anything |
jakid
fonnodvær dækópvær* everything |
higvær
nothing |
vosuŋ
something else |
| Dual | lavon
which of the pair |
dønbor
this one |
gutbor
that one |
fanbor
yon one |
bor
one |
værinbor
either |
lebor
both |
lehig
neither |
vunbor
other |
| Plural | vaŋ
which out of many |
dønbor
this one |
gutbor
that one |
fanbor
yon one |
bor
one gudin some |
værin
any |
tugon
each |
higbor
none |
vun
another |
| Location | vollip
tošó* where |
dorir
here |
gafan
there |
føt
yonder |
vikaŋ
somewhere |
huvan
anywhere |
hellab
everywhere |
higvollip
higtošó* nowhere |
vunvollip
elsewhere |
| Source | voron
kale* whence |
dig
hence |
gab
thence |
feg
yence |
vawon
somewhence |
hotir
værinkale* whence |
hofiŋ
everywhence |
higvoron
higkale* nowhence |
vunvoron
elsewhence |
| Goal | vesuŋ
jóllæ* whither |
dusod
hither |
gosod
thither |
finsod
yither |
vosig
gudinjóllæ* somewhither |
hagallin
anywhither |
tugon
everywhither |
higvesuŋ
higjóllæ* nowhither |
vunvesuŋ
elsewhither |
| Time | valurvyŋ
toji* when |
dønvyŋ
now |
gutvyŋ
then |
fanvyŋ
yen |
gudinvyŋ
sometime |
værinvyŋ
anytime |
fonnodvyŋ
everytime |
higvyŋ
never |
vunvyŋ
elsewhen |
| Manner | vob
mæmó* how |
dub
thus |
got
thereby |
feb
yonderby |
gudinvob
somehow |
værinvob
anyhow |
hobot
everyway |
higvob
no way |
valler
otherwise |
| Reason | vored
suti* why |
dunned
herefore |
genet
therefore |
fared
yonderfore |
olor
somefore |
værinbed
anyfore |
fonnodbed
everyfore |
higbed
nofore |
vunbed
elsefore |
| Amount | viven
kekiku* what amount |
dønken
this amount |
gutken
that amount |
fanken
yon amount |
gudinken
some amount |
værinken
any amount |
fonnodken
every amount |
higken
no amount |
vunken
another amount |
- Cognate with a Theubeg correlative.
Other common quantifiers are listed as follows:
| Quantifier | English |
|---|---|
| foþen | many (more than ten) |
| mannag | very many (more than fifty) |
| dædhe* | few |
| gofon | even |
| idig | odd |
| tæsedu* | quarter |
| sopet | half |
| pisot | double |
| hujon | triple |
| la | paired |
| le | pair as a whole |
- Cognate with a Theubeg quantifier.
Interjections[]
The interjection ee is the main interjection placed at the end of a sentence that conveys mood and some modality. The interjection can be omitted and the particular stress moved to the last syllable of the last word of the sentence if the meaning can be easily inferred. Other ending interjections are listed in the following table as well, although they cannot be omitted. Some obsolete stress patterns are preserved in the interjections.
| Interjection | Stress | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| n/a | n/a | indicative |
| ee | unstressed | emphasized indicative |
| ee | stressed | subjunctive |
| ee | half rising stressed | conditional |
| ee | falling stressed | imperative |
| ee | rising stressed | interrogative |
| åå | dipping stressed | mild surprise |
| åå | stressed | surprise |
| åå | unstressed | doubt |
| kø | rising stressed | want |
| kø | falling stressed | necessary |
| kø | dipping stressed | unneccessary |
| kø | stressed | possible |
| kø | unstressed | impossible |
| vy | stressed | probable |
| vy | unstressed | improbable |
Conjunctions[]
Conjunctions link clauses or words/phrases together, with the conjunction coming before the word/phrase it forms a phrase with. Conjunction phrases are mostly placed after the modified.
| Conjunction | Usage |
|---|---|
| veri | presents rationale (word) |
| to | lists items or ideas (word) |
| ror | presents alternative item or idea (word or clause) |
| tali | presents consequence (word) |
| wenva | start time or location to end (word) |
| jan | presents noncontrasting items or ideas (clause) |
| janolli | forms a dependent clause with the same referent (clause) |
| hok | presents noncontrasting negative items or ideas (clause) |
| gatte | presents contrast or exception (clause) |
| šin | presents consequence (clause) |
| ige | relativizer (clause) |
| afur | conditional (clause) |
| ki | postpositional link (word) |
Syntax[]
Mygdållaðr has a word order of VSO. Relative clauses are formed by relativizer conjunctions. Other conjunctions form different subclauses if necessary.
Example text[]
The Vit Acrostic/Song[]
vit topr munnengubød yhåb
what person.col to-ring-benefit.npst def.bell
For what man does the bell ring?
RESPONSE: ili dannegmi farólonror
prog.cop.npst death.inan.sgv.erg act-of-harvesting.col.acc
Death is harvesting.
vattig suknun bymérþå
who to-run-away.npst int.2p.an.pro.pl.erg
Who do you all run away from?
RESPONSE
valur hallohunir anån
what to-walk-fear.npst light
What does light walk avoiding?
RESPONSE
lavon hapšigwodir ymad
with-which-of-pair to-play-chess-company.npst def.3s.an
With which of the pair does he play chess?
RESPONSE
vaŋ mahållegrbo senben ysån
which-of-many house.inan.pl to-pass-tunnel.npst def.shadow
Which of many houses does the shadow pass through?
RESPONSE
(The next lines of the poem are usually not included in the song)
vollip tag ydannegmi
Where does the death dwell?
hellab tag dannegmi
Death dwells everywhere.
voron tolo hinnermi
Whence does a corpse exist?
hofiŋ tolo dannegmi
Every source death exists.
vesuŋ suk vollóŋmi
Whither do dreams run?
tugon suk dannegmi
Every goal death runs.
valurvyŋ vo yvyŋmi
When does the time end?
fonnodvyŋ y dannegmi
Every time is death.
vob kapte vasiŋmi
How does a serf work?
hobot kapte dannegmi
Every way death works.
vored suguni mérmi
Why do you struggle?
fonnodbed suguni danneg
Every reason death toils.
See also[]
- Naming and Kinship
- Time and Measurement
- Writing System
- Figurative Language