Nagtoan grammar
The city for conlangs
This is the study of grammar of the Nagtoan language.
Contents |
[edit] General
[edit] Cases
Nagtoan is an ergative-absolutive language. Because of it, there are no nominative or accusative cases. The cases of nouns are ergative, absolutive, locative, genitive and translative.
[edit] Word order
Nagtoan is mainly a SOV language. The word order is
- subject - object - other - main verb - modal verbs in main clauses
- object - other - main verb - modal verbs - subject in subordinate clauses
[edit] Verbs
Verbs in Nagtoan have four moods and two tenses, that are indicated by suffixes. The nominal forms, persons and active/passive division are indicated with prefixes.
| Example of a regular verb (sige to give) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Preterite | Conditional | Potential | Imperative | |
| 1st singular | usige | usigas | usigat | usigo | |
| 2nd singular | sesige | sesigas | sesigat | sesigo | siges! |
| 1st dual | lausige | lausigas | lausigat | lausigo | lausiga! |
| 2nd dual | ctosige | ctosigas | ctosigat | ctosigo | ctosiga! |
| 1st plural | eusige | eusigas | eusigat | eusigo | eusiga! |
| 2nd plural | cusige | cusigas | cusigat | cusigo | cusiga! |
| 3rd sing/dual/plur | asige | asigas | asigat | asigo | asiga! |
| Passive forms, to be given | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Preterite | Conditional | Potential | Imperative | |
| 1st singular | dosige | dosigas | dosigat | dosigo | |
| 2nd singular | nisige | nisigas | nisigat | nisigo | |
| 1st dual | zlusige | zlusigas | zlusigat | zlusigo | |
| 2nd dual | znesige | znesigas | znesigat | znesigo | |
| 1st plural | tasige | tasigas | tasigat | tasigo | |
| 2nd plural | tesige | tesigas | tesigat | tesigo | |
| 3rs sing/plur | nosige | nosigas | nosigat | nosigo | |
[edit] Nouns
Nouns have 3 numbers and 6 genders.
Linguene gender has 5 cases, others have only 4.
| Examples of nouns | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| sing | dual | plur | |
| Feminine: Nacaran | |||
| Absolutive | Nacaran | Nacarasi | Nacarer |
| Ergative | Nacarai | Nacarasui | Nacarum |
| Genitive | Nacarua | Nacarasa | Nacareiti |
| Locative | Nacarou | Nacaraso | Nacarobu |
| Masculine: ernaz (a father) | |||
| Absolutive | ernaz | ernasti | ernar |
| Ergative | ernal | ernasni | ernam |
| Genitive | erniz | ernasta | ernati |
| Locative | ernau | ernasto | ernabu |
| Animate: ladbans (a rose) | |||
| Absolutive | ladbans | ladbanusi | ladbanier |
| Ergative | ladbanes | ladbanusui | ladbaniem |
| Genitive | ladbaneh | ladbanusa | ladbanti |
| Locative | ladbaneu | ladbanuso | ladbanbu |
| Inanimate: Feio (Earth) | |||
| Absolutive | Feio | Feiosi | Feier |
| Ergative | Feioi | Feiosui | Feiom |
| Genitive | Feia | Feiosa | Feioti |
| Locative | Feiou | Feioso | Feiobu |
| Abstract: anten (name) | |||
| Absolutive | anten | antensi | antever |
| Ergative | antel | antedni | antem |
| Genitive | antu | antenta | antefti |
| Locative | antemu | antenso | antembu |
| Linguine: nagteci (Nagtoan) | |||
| Absolutive | nagteci | nagtecuenes | nagteiri |
| Ergative | nagteldi | nagtecueden | nagtammi |
| Genitive | nagtanti | nagtecuenot | nagtecsi |
| Locative | nagtegu | nagtecuenos | nagtectu |
| Translative | nagtecus | nagtecuierus | nagteius |
