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Nagtoan grammar

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This is the study of grammar of the Nagtoan language.

Contents

[edit] General

[edit] Cases

Nagtoan is an ergative-absolutive language. Because of it, there are no nominative or accusative cases. The cases of nouns are ergative, absolutive, locative, genitive and translative.

[edit] Word order

Nagtoan is mainly a SOV language. The word order is

  • subject - object - other - main verb - modal verbs in main clauses
  • object - other - main verb - modal verbs - subject in subordinate clauses

[edit] Verbs

Verbs in Nagtoan have four moods and two tenses, that are indicated by suffixes. The nominal forms, persons and active/passive division are indicated with prefixes.


Example of a regular verb (sige to give)
Present Preterite Conditional Potential Imperative
1st singular usige usigas usigat usigo
2nd singular sesige sesigas sesigat sesigo siges!
1st dual lausige lausigas lausigat lausigo lausiga!
2nd dual ctosige ctosigas ctosigat ctosigo ctosiga!
1st plural eusige eusigas eusigat eusigo eusiga!
2nd plural cusige cusigas cusigat cusigo cusiga!
3rd sing/dual/plur asige asigas asigat asigo asiga!
Passive forms, to be given
Present Preterite Conditional Potential Imperative
1st singular dosige dosigas dosigat dosigo
2nd singular nisige nisigas nisigat nisigo
1st dual zlusige zlusigas zlusigat zlusigo
2nd dual znesige znesigas znesigat znesigo
1st plural tasige tasigas tasigat tasigo
2nd plural tesige tesigas tesigat tesigo
3rs sing/plur nosige nosigas nosigat nosigo

[edit] Nouns

Nouns have 3 numbers and 6 genders.

Linguene gender has 5 cases, others have only 4.

Examples of nouns
sing dual plur
Feminine: Nacaran
Absolutive Nacaran Nacarasi Nacarer
Ergative Nacarai Nacarasui Nacarum
Genitive Nacarua Nacarasa Nacareiti
Locative Nacarou Nacaraso Nacarobu
Masculine: ernaz (a father)
Absolutive ernaz ernasti ernar
Ergative ernal ernasni ernam
Genitive erniz ernasta ernati
Locative ernau ernasto ernabu
Animate: ladbans (a rose)
Absolutive ladbans ladbanusi ladbanier
Ergative ladbanes ladbanusui ladbaniem
Genitive ladbaneh ladbanusa ladbanti
Locative ladbaneu ladbanuso ladbanbu
Inanimate: Feio (Earth)
Absolutive Feio Feiosi Feier
Ergative Feioi Feiosui Feiom
Genitive Feia Feiosa Feioti
Locative Feiou Feioso Feiobu
Abstract: anten (name)
Absolutive anten antensi antever
Ergative antel antedni antem
Genitive antu antenta antefti
Locative antemu antenso antembu
Linguine: nagteci (Nagtoan)
Absolutive nagteci nagtecuenes nagteiri
Ergative nagteldi nagtecueden nagtammi
Genitive nagtanti nagtecuenot nagtecsi
Locative nagtegu nagtecuenos nagtectu
Translative nagtecus nagtecuierus nagteius

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