| Nativian Language ΝατίϝῐαΛῑνγῠα | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Flexional-Agglutinative | ||||||||||||
| Alignment | Nominative-Accusative | ||||||||||||
| Head direction | Final | ||||||||||||
| Tonal | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Declensions | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Genders | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
| Case | Number | ||||||||||||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
| Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
| Person | Number | ||||||||||||
| Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
| Meta-information | |||||||||||||
| Progress | 59% | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Creator | Flos57 | ||||||||||||
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Labio-palatal | Velar | Labio-velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | q | |||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | h | ||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||
| Approximant | l | j | ɥ | w |
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i y | u |
| Close-mid | e | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ |
| Open | a | |
Tones
| Name | First syllabe | Otherwise | Notation in exposant |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neuter | ˧ | ˧ | |
| High | ˥ | ˧˥ | 1 |
| Low | ˩ | ˧˩ | 2 |
| Elevation | ˩˥ | ˧˩˥ | 3 |
| Lowering | ˥˩ | ˧˥˩ | 4 |
Writing System
Nativian writing system is splitted in two modes :
- Phonographic - Uses 30 phonograms and is used to hand-writing, formal letters, poetry, official documents, and importants headlines
- Ideographic - Uses a large table of characters and is used in articles, newsletters, advertising, technicals books, trading, science, displays of computers, etc... We use phonograms for words that have no ideogram, like surnames, names of cities, countries... Ideograms are intended to be quickly read and unwritten.
Phonograms
| Letter | Traditionnal Name | Romanised Name | IPA Pronunciation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Α α | Άλϕα | Alpha | a | |
| Β β | Βητα | Bêta | b | |
| Γ γ | Γάμα | Gamma | g | |
| Δ δ | Δέλτα | Delta | d | |
| Ε ε | Ὲ ψίλο | Epsilo | e | |
| Ϝ ϝ | Ϝέγα | Vega | v | |
| Ζ ζ | Ζήτα | Zêta | z | |
| Η η | Ητα | Êta | ε | |
| Θ θ | Θητα | Thêta | tʰ | |
| Ι ι | Ῐωτα | Iota | i / j | |
| К ϰ | Кάπα | Kappa | k | |
| Λ λ | Λάμδα | Lamda | l | |
| Μ μ | Μɥμω | Mummo | m | |
| Ν ν | Νανο | Nanno | n | |
| Ξ ξ | Ξιμα | Ksima | ks | |
| Ο ο | Ὸ μίϰρο | Omicro | ɔ | |
| Π π | Πιγμα | Pigma | p | |
| Ϻ ϻ | Ϻανμα | Shanma | sʰ | |
| Ϙ ҁ | Ϙωπα | Qoppa | q | |
| Ρ ρ | Ρογμα | Rhogma | r | |
| Σ ς | Σιγμα | Sigma | s | |
| Τ τ | Ταωτα | Taota | t | |
| ϒ ɥ | `ϒ ψιλο | Upsilo | y / ɥ | |
| Ѵ υ | Ѵιςτα | Wista | u / w | |
| Φ ϕ | Φιλα | Phila | f | |
| Χ χ | Χιπα | Khippa | kʰ | |
| Ψ ψ | Ψιχα | Psikha | ps | |
| Ͱ ͱ | Ͱωρῐα | Horia | χ | |
| Ͳ ϡ | Ͳαμπα | Tsampa | ts | |
| Ω ω | Ὼ μέγα | Ohmega | o | |
| Diacritic Name | Graphic | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Acute accent |
◌́ |
indicates high vowel |
| Grave accent |
◌̀ |
indicates low vowel |
| Circumflex accent | ◌̂ |
indicates a lowering of the voice |
| Antiflex accent | ◌̌ |
indicates an elevation of the voice |
| Caron | ◌̆ |
indicates a short vowel or a semivowel |
| Macron | ◌̄ |
indicates a long vowel |
Diacrtitics are placed on vowels and change their quantity. As in Chinese, they can distinguish between allophones words, such as Μάρ [Ma¹r] "the sea", and Μαρ [Mar] literally "feminine pronoun of the first person causative"
Grammar
| Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Nouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adjectives | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Numbers | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adverb | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Pronouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Moods
- Objective - present real events with certainly. It is comparable to the indicative
- Subjective - reflects a view of the mind. Equivalent to the subjunctive, the imperative, or the conditionnal
Tenses
- Present
- Past
- Future
- Aorist - equivalent to the "zero time" or omnitemporal present
Genders
- Natural (n.) - gender of inanimates like objects or concepts
- Masculine (m.) - gender of male animals
- Feminine (f.) - gender of female animals
- Neuter (ns.)- gender of sexed animals is not known sex at first, like a dog that we see in the street. Also used for groups with masculine and femnine mixed genders, like a group of persons.
Numbers
- Quantial - indicates the exact number of entities, usually small. Available in quantial I, II, III, IV, etc. Quantial I is comparable to the singular.
- Dual - indicates exactly two entities bound by the notion of pair or couple
- Partial - indicates an uncountable part of a whole
- Plural - indicates any number of entities, assuming there a lot
- General - shows all the existing entities
Cases
- Nominative (N.) : the subject of the verb
- Accusative (A.) : the direct object of the verb
- Genitive (G.) : the origin of the object
- Dative (D.) : the indirect object of the verb
- Comitative (K.) : who or what is helping to realise the action
- Benefactive (B.) : who benefits from the action
- Causative (C.) : why the action is
- Instructive (I.) : how the action
- Locative (L.) : where the action is
- Temporative (T.) : when the action is
Word Classes
Nouns
Nouns are classed by genders possibilities :
- Changing or Common nouns (c.n.) : they are in the form of a root which requires flexion about its gender : ε[e] for masculine, α[a] for feminine, and αε[ae] for neuter. Animals and sexed animated in general
| Noun root | Gender | Case | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Χάν- [kʰa¹n-] : "dog" : Χάτ- [kʰa¹t-] : "domestic cat Φελ- [fel-] : "wild cat" Σὸρ- [sɔ²r-] : "mouse" Λυπ- [lup-] : "wolf" Βοῠ- [bɔw-] : "cow" Εҁῠ- [eqw-] : "horse" Πορϰ- [pɔrk-] : "pig" Αῠ- [aw-] : "bird" |
ε [e] : masculine α [a] : feminine αε [ae] : neuter |
ø : nominative μ [m] : accusative ς [s] : genitive ν [n] : dative ϰὸμ [kɔ²m] : comitative πὴρ [pε²r] : benefactive ρ [r] : causative ὰλ [a²l] : instructive λ [l] : locative τ [t] : temporative |
ø : quantial βις [bis] : dual βα [ba] : partial ὶς [i²s] : plural ῑ [i:] : general |
- Fixed nouns, which can not change their gender
- Natural nouns (nl.n.) : inanimates objects and concepts. Many of theses names are also used as verbal roots.
- Masculines nouns (m.n.) : male family members
- Feminine nouns (f.n.) : female family members
| Noun root | Case | Number |
|---|---|---|
|
Vowel ended : Μάνυ [ma¹nu] "hand" Αҁῠα [aqwa] "water" Δῐα [dja] "day" Кὺλπα [ku²lpa] "fault" Ϝῐα [vja] "way" |
ø : nominative μ [m] : accusative ς [s] : genitive ν [n] : dative ϰὸμ [kɔ²m] : comitative πὴρ [pε²r] : benefactive ρ [r] : causative ὰλ [a²l] : instructive λ [l] : locative τ [t] : temporative |
ø : quantial βις [bis] : dual βα [ba] : partial ὶς [i²s] : plural ῑ [i:] : general |
|
Consonnant ended : Δōμ [dɔ:m] : "house" Νόμ [nɔm] : "name" Παν [pan] : "bread" Кάπιτ [ka¹pit] : "head" Πήδ [pε¹d] : "foot" Кελήςτ [kelε¹st] : "sky" |
ø : nominative ημ [εm] : accusative ης [εs] : genitive ην [εn] : dative ηϰὸμ [εkɔ²m] : comitative ηπὴρ [εpε²r] : benefactive ηρ [εr] : causative ὰλ [a²l] : instructive ηλ [εl] : locative ητ [εt] : temporative |
Verbs
Conjugation of verbs follow a agglutination principle. Knowing this table return to know all the nativian conjugation :
| Verb root | Tense | Mood | Gender | Person | Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ø- : "be" ͱαβερ- [haber] : "have" αῠδ- [awd] : "hear" ῠιδέ- [wide¹] : "see" ... |
ø : present άτ [a¹t] : past ίτ [i¹t] : future ώ [o¹] : aorist |
ø : objective ῐ [j] : subjective |
ο [ɔ] : natural ε [e] : masculine α [a] : feminine αε [ae] : neuter |
ø / μ [m] : 1st ς [s] : 2nd ςτ [st] : 3rd |
ø : quantial βις [bis] : dual βα [ba] : partial ὶς [i²s] : plural ῑ [i:] : general |
Here is the integer nativian conjugation table
The verb takes the gender, the person and the number of the nominative.
ςῡμ [su:m] "to be", is the only verb not having a root. It is only composed of its ending.
To conjugate others verbs, ͱαβερῡμ [haberu:m] "to have" for example, we have just to delete the termination -ῡμ [u:m], infinitive brand for all verbs, to extract its root : ͱαβερ- [haber] " have" , and add ςῡμ [su:m] at the desired conjugation.
Thanks this conjugation system, a verb can take 480 differents forms, not including any prefixes, learning about aspect, negation, etc...
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
| Person | Gender | Case | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Μ [m] : 1st Τ [t] : 2nd Σ [s] : 3rd |
ο [ɔ] : natural ε [e] : masculine α [a] : feminine αε [ae] : neuter |
ø : nominative μ [m] : accusative ς [s] : genitive ν [n] : dative ϰὸμ [kɔ²m] : comitative πὴρ [pε²r] : benefactive ρ [r] : causative ὰλ [a²l] : instructive λ [l] : locative τ [t] : temporative |
ø : quantial βις [bis] : dual βα [ba] : partial ὶς [i²s] : plural ῑ [i:] : general |
We can make 600 forms of pronoun. Nominatives forms are used as possessives pronouns.
Correlative Pronouns
| Root | Gender | Case | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Ϙῠ- [qw-] : interrogative Ιλ- [il-] : existential Ͱοϰ- [hɔk-] : proximal Δῐηζ- [djεz-] : demonstrative Αλῐ- [ali-] : relative Αλτ- [alt-] : alternative Ϙῠωτῐ- [qwotj-] : selective Νιλῐ- [nilj-] : negative Ωμνῐ- [omnj] : collective |
ο [ɔ] : natural ε [e] : masculine α [a] : feminine αε [ae] : neuter |
ø : nominative μ [m] : accusative ς [s] : genitive ν [n] : dative ϰὸμ [kɔ²m] : comitative πὴρ [pε²r] : benefactive ρ [r] : causative ὰλ [a²l] : instructive λ [l] : locative τ [t] : temporative |
ø : quantial βις [bis] : dual βα [ba] : partial ὶς [i²s] : plural ῑ [i:] : general |
Here is a list of common correlatives
Syntax
In a nativian sentence, only noums are capitalized. If a word is composed of two noums, each noumw are capitalized :
| ΜαεΠάτηρ [mae'pa¹tɛr] | "My(ns.) Father" |
Words are separated by the mid-point (·), propositions by the comma (˛), and sentences by the low-point (.).
We can consider the mid-point is the 31th nativian phonogram, because it can be pronunced as a gottal stop [Ɂ], especally if the second word start with a vowel :
| Ῐοͱάνε·εςτανς [joha¹ne Ɂestans] | "John is coming" |
Thanks to the declensions system, this of voices is superfluous. Indeed, the function of a word is not determined by its place in the sentence, but by its sharp.
The word order does not change the meaning but the connotation of the sentense. It is thus possible free to focus on the words we choose :
| Χάτε·Σὸρεμ·εϻεςτ. [kʰa¹te sɔ²rem esʰest] | "The cat(m.) eat the mouse(m.)" |
| Σὸρεμ·Χάτε·εϻεςτ. [sɔ²rem kʰa¹te esʰest] | "The mouse(m.) is eated by the cat(m.)" |
| εϻεςτ·Χάτε·Σὸρεμ. [esʰest kʰa¹te sɔ²rem] | "Eat ! The cat(m.) eat the mouse(m.)" |
We fair giving any order to our sentence, but in an absolute general case, SOV is the default word order in normal sentenses, VSO in closed-questions. It is recommanded however not to order too chaotic and keep a logical sense in order to not sow his interlocutor.
Lexicon
Fixed Nouns
| Nativian | English |
|---|---|
| Πάτηρ [pa¹tεr] | Father (m.) |
| Ματὴρ [matε²r] | Mother (f.) |
| Φράτηρ [fra¹tεr] | Brother (m.) |
| Σαςτὴρ [sastε²r] | Sister (f.) |
| Δōμ [dɔ:m] | House |
| Ϝῐα [vja] | Way, street |
| Πώλ [po¹l] | City |
| Αҁῠα [aqwa] | Water |
| Τὴρα [tε²ra] | Loam |
| Кελήςτ [kelε¹st] | Sky |
| Δῐα [dja] | Day |
| Νοϰτ [nɔkt] | Night |
| Σολαρ [sɔlar] | Sun |
| Σελύνα [selu¹na] | Moon |
| Λυμίδῐα [lumidja] | Sunday "Day of light" |
| Кελήςδῐα [kelεsdja] | Monday "Day of sky" |
| Τὴραδῐα [tεradja] | Tuesday "Day of earth" |
| Αςτηρδῐα [astεrdja] | Wednesday "Day of luminary" |
| Βῐωδῐα [bjodja] | Thursday "Day of life" |
| Ͱῡμαδῐα [humadja] | Friday "Day of humans" |
| Ѵλτηρδῐα [ultεrdja] | Saturday "Last day" |
Verbs
| Nativian | English | Conjugation example |
|---|---|---|
| ςῡμ [su:m] | To be, to exist | ιτῐαεμὶς [itjaemi²s] : if we(ns.) will be |
| ͱαβερῡμ [haberu:m] | To have, to possess | |
| ῠιδέῡμ [wide¹u:m] | To see | ῠιδέο [wide¹ɔ] : I(n.) see |
| αῠδῡμ [audu:m] | To hear | αῠδῐο [awdjɔ] : I(n.) would hear |
| ταϰτῡμ [taktu:m] | To touch | |
| ωδὸρῡμ [odɔru:m] | To smell | ωδὸράτε [odɔ²ra¹te] : I(m.) smellt |
| γυςτῡμ [gustu:m] | To fell a taste | γυςτάτα [gusta¹ta] : I(f.) felt |
| ῠενῡμ [wenu:m] | To come | |
| ῠαδῡμ [wadu:m] | To go | ῠαδάτε [wada¹te] : I(m.) went |
| ϰρεδῡμ [kredu:m] | To trust | ϰρεδίτε [kredi¹te] : I(m.) will trust |
| ϰωγῡμ [kogu:m] | To reflect, to meditate, to cogitate | ϰωγίτο [kogi¹tɔ] : I(n.) will cogitate |
| μηντῡμ [mεntu:m] | To think | |
| ληϰτῡμ [lεktu:m] | To read | |
| λύδῡμ [lu¹du:m] | To play | λύδο [lu¹dɔ] : I(n.) play |
| λαβὸρῡμ [labɔru:m] | To work | λαβὸράτας [labɔ²ra¹tas] : you(f.) worked |
| τράϰτῡμ [tra¹ktu:m] | To haul | |
| ςτῡμ [stu:m] | To stay | ςτάτα [sta¹ta] : I(f.) stayed |
| μοβῡμ [mobu:m] | To move | μοβίτεςτ [mobi¹test] : he will move |
| ῠωϰαβῡμ [wokabu:m] | To speak | |
| μυϻῡμ [musʰu:m] | To mute | |
| εϻῡμ [esʰu:m] | To eat | |
| βιβῡμ [bibu:m] | To drink | |
| ϕηρῡμ [fεru:m] | To take | |
| εῠχάρῡμ [ewkʰa¹ru:m] | To thank | |
| ςαλῠῡμ [salwu:m] | To salute | ςαλῠε [salwe] : "hello !" |
Numbers
| Nativian | English |
|---|---|
| νιλ- [nil-] | zero |
| υν- [un-] | one |
| δῠ- [dw-] | two |
| τηρτ- [tεrt-] | three |
| ҁῠαρδ- [qward-] | four |
| πηντ- [pεnt-] | five |
| ςηξ- [sεks-] | six |
| ςηπτ- [sεpt-] | seven |
| οϰτ- [ɔkt-] | eight |
| νονϝ- [nɔnv-] | nine |
| δεϰ- [dek-] | ten |
Example text
Try to translate the following texts :
Lord's Prayer
|
ΜαεῑΠάτηρ·Кελήςτηλ·εςανς˛ ΤεΝόμημ·ςανϰτίφῐαεμῑ˛ ΤεΡέγ·αδῠενῐοςτ˛ ΤεѴολ·Τηλύραλ·ςιϰυτ·Кελήςτηλ·ῐοςτ˛ ΜαεῑΠάνημ·ϘῠωτιΔῐαμ·Μαενῑ·ͰοϰΔῐατ·δόνῐες˛ ΜαεῑКυλπάμὶς·αβςολϝῐες˛ ςιϰυτ·ΑλτήρῑКυλπάμὶς·αβςολϝαεμῑ˛ ετ·Μαεμῑ·Τηντατιόνην·νεινδύϰῐες˛ ςηδ·Μαεϻῑ·Μαλύςην·λιβήρτῐες˛ ναμ·Ρέγημ·ϰαῐ·Ποτημ·ϰαῐ·Γλώριαμ·ͱαβερες. |
maei:'pa¹tɛr kelɛ¹stɛl Ɂesans te'nɔ¹mɛm sankti¹fjaemi: te're¹g Ɂad'wenjɔst te'wɔl tɛlu¹ral sikut kelɛ¹stɛl Ɂjɔst maei:'pa¹nɛm qwoti'djam maeni: hɔk'djat dɔ¹njes maei:'kulpa¹mi²s Ɂab'sɔlvjes sikut Ɂaltɛ¹ri:'kulpa¹mi²s Ɂab'sɔlvaemi: Ɂet maemi: tɛntatjɔ¹nɛn neindu¹kjes sεd maemi: malu¹sɛn libɛ¹rtjes nam re¹gɛm kaj pɔtɛm kaj glo¹rjam haberes |
Quote from Papinius Statius
|
¿ Ϙῠορ·Τε·Μωρίτεὰνς·Ͱωῡμεμ ͰωῡμαѴλύλϰὸμ·Τέρηϕαϰτεςτ ? |
qwɔr te mori¹teans hou:mem hou:ma'ulu¹lkɔ²m terε'faktest |
Mutimedia
To insert nativograms on the screen of a computer, we use an Input Method Editor, which allows to insert characters by their phonograms pronounciation.
This is the nativian keyboard disposition :
| @ | 1 ´ | 2 ` | 3 ˇ | 4 ˆ | 5 ˘ | 6 ˉ | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | Ϗ ϗ | ¿ ? |
| Tab | Ϙ | Ѵ | Ε | Ρ | Τ | ϒ | Θ | Ι | Ο | Π | < [ | > ] |
| CpsLk | Α | Σ | Δ | Φ | Γ | Η | Ξ | К | Λ | Ϻ | . | ˛ |
| Shift | Ζ | Χ | Ψ | Ω | Β | Ν | Μ | Ϝ | Ͱ | Ͳ | Shift | |
| Ctrl | Win | Alt | Alt | Win | Opt | Ctrl | ||||||
Here is an English-Nativian translator on LingoJam (in construction)