Nukilmea

Progress 74%
	Stats Nouns 100% Verbs 83% Adjectives 100% Syntax 33% Words 50 of 1500

Nukilmea 늨일메
Type
semifusional
Alignment
Topic prominent Nom-Acc
Head direction
final
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
No
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect

General information

Nukilmea (litt: lang of the north), is a language based on korean, heavily influenced by japanese and mandrin, though a part of the lang will still be a-priori.

Phonology

Consonants

	labial	coronal	Post-alveolar	(alveolo) Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n			ŋ
Plosive	b p	t d			k g
Fricative	ɸ	s z	ʃ	ɕ
Affricate				tɕ
Approximant	ʋ			w j ç		h
Flap or tap		ɾ
Lateral app.		l

Initial consonant ortography and hangulization

ipa	roman	hangul	ipa	roman	hangul
b	b	바	s	s	사
p~ɸ	p	파	ʃ~ɕ	c	자
d	d	다	z~tɕ	z	차
t	t	타	ɾ~l	r	라
m	m	마	w~ʋ	w	빠
n	n	나			아
g	g	가	h~ç	h	하
k	k	카	j	y	짜

Final consonant ortography and hangulization

ipa	roman	hangul	ipa	roman	hangul
s	s	앗	t	t	앋
n	n	안	m	m	암
l	l	알	b	b	압
k	k	앜	g	g	악
ŋ	ng	앙	z	z	앛

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back	dipthong
Close	i: i y	ɨ ɨ:	u:	ua~wa
Close-mid	e: ɪ		o:
Mid	ɛ		ɔ	ɛi~ɛj
Open-mid	æ æ:		ʌ	ai~aj
Open		ä:	ɑ	ɑu~ɑw

Vowel ortography and hangulization

ipa	roman	hangul	ipa	roman	hangul
y~ɨ	u	으	i~ɪ	i	이
ɔ~ʌ	o	오	o:	ō <oo>	요
ɑ~æ	a	아	ä:	ā <aa>	야
ɛ	e	어	e:	ē <ee>	여
ɛi~ɛj	ea	에	ɑu~ɑw	ao	애
ai~aj	ae	예	ua~wa	oa	얘
i:~æ:	ī <ii>	우	u:~ɨ:	ū <uu>	유

Vowel harmony

The vowel harmony in Nukilmea is front-back harmony, the neutral group is usable in words with both front and back harmony. Harmony does effect the gramar minimal, as most of the grammar is based on using the neutral group, some pre-and-affixes change due to vowel harmony.

	Front group	Neutral group	Back group
open	ī	i u	ū oa
mid	e ē		o ō
close	ea ae	a ā	ao

The opposites are :

• ii and uu.
• ee and oo.
• e and o.
• ea and oa.
• ae and ao.

these opposites occur in the changes of pre-and-affixes and grammar.

Alphabet

Nukilmea uses the korean, hangul, alphabet. wich is slightly adapted to their own needs.

the order of their alphabet is:

for the consonants (in roman : initial/final )

roman	B/B	P	S/S	D/T	T	C	Z/Z	M/M	N/N	R/L	W	G/G	K/K	-/NG	H	Y
hangul	ㅂ	ㅍ	ㅅ	ㄷ	ㅌ	ㅈ	ㅊ	ㅁ	ㄴ	ㄹ	ㅃ	ㄱ	ㅋ	ㅇ	ㅎ	ㅉ

for vowels :

roman	i	u	ii	uu	e	o	ee	oo	a	aa	ea	ae	oa	ao
hangul	ㅣ	ㅡ	ㅜ	ㅠ	ㅓ	ㅗ	ㅕ	ㅛ	ㅏ	ㅑ	ㅔ	ㅖ	ㅐ	ㅒ

Phonotactics

The phonotactics of Nukilmea are simple.

A syllable is IV(F),

• I is for initial, wich is either a consonant or the null-consonant.
• V is a vowel, note that vowel harmony exists !
• F is final, this is one of the final consonants.

A word has no limit to syllables, though all vowels have to be either front and neutral, or back an neutral (vowel harmony) Verbs and adjectives have fixed ending, more about this in the grammar section.

Grammar

• note that the verbs will be redone sone for sure!

Syntax

A normal sentence in Nukilmea ends on a verb, though the syntax is fully free, most people stick to the standard TSOV (topic-object-subject-verb), in speach the topic, subject and object tend to switch places often, but the verb tends to stick to the end of the sentence. In poetry it is more common for a verb to be in different places than on the end of the sentence thanm in actual speech, but it still is not that common to see this happen in basic poetry. This movement of the verb also tends to be more common in higher wealth communities and poetry than in others.

Verbs

The verbs in Nukilmea, almost always at the end of the sentence, conjugate in a fusional way to tense, aspect and also formality, affixes are used to add moods, unlike the aspect/tense the mood affixes are stackable.

Nukilmea has 2 kinds of verbs, da and ma verbs. they conjugate different to tense, aspect and formality. The conjugation is done by replacing da with the things in the table.

note that the conjugations have back harmony in this table, use the opposite vowels to conjugate to the harmony! (when the verb only has neutral vowels, it is consedered to have back harmony) also the verb affixes harmonize to the verb itself, sentence initial ones are free to choose form, but in poetry it's common to harmonize them with either the verb or the word following.

		다 verbs			마 verbs
tense	aspect	formal	normal	intimate	formal	normal	intimate
present	simple	미다	다	다	맛	마	마
		mida	da	da	mas	ma	ma
	perfective	미닷	닷	사	암앗	만	암
		midas	das	sa	am'as	man	am
	continuous	고미	고	가	가맛	가	가
		gomi	go	ga	gamas	ga	ga
	hybrid*	마힌	미아	난	하맛	하	안
		mahin	mian	an	hamas	ha	an
	initiative	고븐	프	파	브맛	파	파
		gobun	pu	pa	bumas	pa	pa
	terminative	고다	그	옼	보맛	부	코
		goda	gu	ok	bomas	bu	ko
	iterative	미미아	미아	암	브마아	마마아	마안
		mimia	mia	am	buma'a	mama'a	ma'an
past	simple	포닷	닷	닷	보암	암	암
		podas	das	das	bo'am	am	am
	perfective	오닷	다앗	앗	보	바	바
		o'das	da'as	as	bo	ba	ba
	continuous	모글	모그	그	보미	임	미
		mogul	mogu	gu	bomi	im	mi
	hybrid*	힌	인	니	보하	학	하
		hin	in	ni	boha	hag	ha
	initiative	히브	이브	부	모브	슴	스
		hibu	ibu	bu	mobu	sum	su
	terminative	히닷	히다	히	부맛	브마	브
		hidas	hida	hi	bumas	buma	bu
	iterative	미맛	미앗	앗암	스마아	스마	스스
		mimas	mias	asam	suma'a	suma	susu
future	simple	소마	소	옷	미타	음	므
		soma	so	os	mita	um	mu
	perfective	소나	손	인	미짜	음짜	짜
		sona	son	in	miya	umya	ya
	continuous	가마	가	잌	미카	카	미아
		gama	ga	ik	mika	ka	mi'a
	hybrid*	가짠	가안	안	가마미	가마	가아
		gayan	ga'an	an	gamami	gama	ga'a
	initiative	브소마	브소	보	미탄	탄	타
		busoma	buso	bo	mitan	tan	ta
	terminative	고브마	고브	브	미수다	다소	스
		gobuma	gobu	bu	misuda	daso	su
	iterative	브모맛	브모	매	드마	비마	모이
		bumomas	bumo	mao	buma	bima	mo'i

.note that the hybrid aspect is a habitual, gnomic or stative

moods and particles	negation	tag question	interrogative	imperative	conditional	subjunctive	optative	potentiative
verb affix	타	모	내	쪼	닛		낫	카(캇)
	ta	mo	nao	yo	nis	-	nas	ka(s)
sentence initial	앝		노	스	닛	윤	온짤	포
	at	-	no	su	nis	uun	onyal	po

nouns

Nouns have three possible endings, a syllable ending on a consonant, a syllable ending on a vowel and having a initial consonant, and a syllable with only a vowel. Some syllables ending on only a vowel are irregular and the ㅇ is seen as a vowel, and thus declined following rules of vowel final syllables.

in this table the ha syllable is used for the vowel final syllable, and the vowel a is used for the vowel only syllable, these ofcourse occur replaced, the same as with the verbs, a back vowel harmony is used, (in romanized script, an x is used on the replacables)

form	Consonant final syllable	vowel final syllable	vowel only syllable
topic	는	한	안
	nun	xn	-xn
nominative	앜	학	카
	ak	xg	kx
accusative	나	함	남
	na	xm	nxm
instrumental	도	핟	단
	do	xd	dxn
genitive	오노	한모	남노
	ono	xnmo	nxmno
locative	호	한오	한
	ho	xn'o	hxn

Nouns can become a verb, by adding da after the noun stem (without declension) it becomese a part of to be, in some cases this is translated to a different verb in english, but most often it is something is something. when using the something is something construction, most often the accusative or topic equals the verb form of the noun, this rarely is for the nominative.

an verb can also be formed with the locative of the noun, for example

「

늨일멘머「보캅」나「교갈드례브」허다

nukilmeanme"bokab"na"gōgal-duraebu"heda

nukilmea GEN vocab ACC google drive LOC is

Nukilmea grammar is at google drive

」

Dumunitives are formed by using the hanzi 小(지) as a prefix to a noun.

「

오火는小市남火니포닷

otaknuncioronamignipodas

fire TOP city DUM ACC burn down PAST SMPL

the fire burned down the little city

」

Nouns can have two forms of definiteness, definite and indefinite, normally you get definiteness from the context but it can be forced using these pre-fixes.

besides that yii and ii mean something different than no and non, the pre-fix used is speaker preffered and does not change anything in the context.

indefinite	쭈	우	노	논
	yii	ii	no	non
definite	호	홀	쯜	흨
	ho	hol	yul	huk

yii and ii can both be written with the hanzi 一 , they can be replaced by any numeral.

Adjectives

Adjectives, unlike nouns, have a more fixed endings, most often on i.

once again, this table uses back vowel harmony!, for the regular xi syllable an h vowel replaces the hangul vowel.

form	히	이	미/니	마/나	사	노/모	코	카	바
	xi	-i	mi/ni	ma/na	sa	no/mo	ko	ka	ba
normal form	히	이	미/니	마/나	사	노/모	코	카	바
	hi	i	mi/ni	ma/na	sa	no/mo	ko	ka	ba
humble form	힘	민	민	만	산	놈	콘	칸	반
	him	min	min	man	san	nom	kon	kan	ban
honorific form	히쪼	이쪼	미쪼/니쪼	미짜/니짜	삼	홈	곤	가	파
	hiyo	iyo	miyo/niyo	miya/niya	sam	hom	gon	ga	pa
negative form	히나	나이	미나이	마나이	재	모나	고나	카이	바이
	hina	nai	minai	manai	cao	mona	gona	kai	bai
comperative form	히아	이아	니아	나아	산	모낫	옷	앗	앗
	hia	ia	nia	na'a	san	monas	os	as	as
superlative form	히안	이안	미안	마안	사만	모안	코나	키아	비아
	hian	ian	mian	ma'an	saman	mo'an	kona	kia	bia
inclusive form	하	남	나마	나마	사마	소마	하	키	비
	ha	nam	nama	nama	sama	soma	ha	ki	bi
exclusive form	호	놈	노마	노마	사모	노모	호노	호	보
	ho	nom	noma	noma	samo	nomo	hono	ho	bo

An adjective can become a noun by having a noun declension ending, this only occurs at the normal, humble, inclusive and excluse forms of adjectives, other forms can not form them. An adjective can always become a verb, this most often is translated with the verb to be, but there are some irregular adjectives that translate differently. this like nouns is done using the da verb conjugation, though unlike nouns adjective can take all their possible forms when becoming a verb.

Vocabulary

demonstratives

Demonstratives	proximal	medial	distal	question
objectal	오힌	소힌	고힌	何힌/나힌
	ohin	sohin	gohin	nahin
locational	홍	속	공	何호/나호
	hong	sog	gong	naho
instrumental	헫	서던	건	何던/나던
	het	seden	gen	naden
personal*	혿	소人/소도	고人/고도	何人/나도
	hot	sodo	godo	nado

the person demonstratives, besides nado (何人/나도) are rarely used, they are replaced by personal pronouns and names, though when specifically pointing to a person the demonstratives are used. Hod (혿) is a weird way to point to oneself, it is compared to talking in 3rd person to yourself in english.

Personal pronouns

personal pronouns	formal	normal	intimate	rude
1st pers	미타란	프탈	쭁
	mitalan	putal	yoong
1st pers male		프너	오너	버쫑
		pune	one	beyong
1st pers male			란 / 이안	버란
			lan / ian	belan
1st pers female	으니찬	으이차	으짜
	unizan	uiza	uya
2nd pers	가헤란	거나	가안
	gaheran	gena	ga'an
2nd pers male	토카가	마거	거	며허
	tokaga	mage	ge	meehe
2nd pers female	쪼타카		사히
	yotaka		sahi
3rd pers	미고도	소도		쩌옵
	migodo	sodo		yeob
3rd pers +*		이으도	츄넌
		iudo	zuunen

The third pers sing + is used to talk about a person of the opposite sex, most often used to reffer to a crush, girl/boyfriend or to someone who has a (romantic) relation ship to the other person you're talking about.

the second person male/female is the gender of the person speaking, it does say nothing about the gender of the person speaking to.

for creating plural forms the affix 타지(taci) is used, for duals the affix 탄니(tanni) is used.

Numerals

Demonstratives	x	x (hanzi)	10^x	10^x (hanzi)
0	어초	〇	유	-
	ezo		uu
1	우	一	뉴	十
	ii		nuu
2	누	二	츄	百
	nii		zuu
3	추	三	쮸	千
	zii		yuu
4	푸	四	휴	万
	pii		huu
5	홍	五	뉴휴	十万
	hong		nuuhuu
6	프	六	츄휴	百万
	pu		zuuhuu
7	태	七	쮸휴	千万
	tao		yuuhuu
8	탄	八	먼	億
	tan		men
9	휼	九	뉴먼	十億
	huul		nuumen