hPronouns[]
Pronouns in Provitan come in all 3 persons in singular and plural and for a few different cases. We will examine them below.
Singular Pronouns[]
| Nom. | D.O. | I.O. | Disj./ Emph/ |
Reflexive |
Poss. Deter. |
Poss. Adj. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | jo | me | mi | mi | me |
mon(s) m. ma/mes f. |
meu/meus m. meva/meves f. | |
| 2nd Person | Informal | tu | te | ti | ti | te |
ton(s) m. ta/tes f. |
teu/teus m. teva/teves f. |
| Formal | vostí | vostí | vostí | vostí | vostí |
voston(s) m. vosta/vostes f. |
vosteu/vosteus vosteva/vosteves | |
| 3rd Person | Masc. | eł | lo | li | ło | se |
son(s) m. sa/ses f. |
seu/seus m. seva/seves f. |
| Fem. | eła | la | li | ła | se |
son(s) m. sa/ses f. |
seu/seus m. seva/seves f. | |
| Unspec. | is | ho | hi | ho | se |
son(s) m. sa/ses f. |
seu/seus m. seva/seves f. | |
| indef. | sa | so | si | so | se |
son(s) m. sa/ses f. |
seu/seus m. seva/seves f. |
Masculine forms of possessive determiners are used when possessing masculine nouns and likewise for feminine forms and feminine nouns. Number also agrees where singular forms are used for singular nouns. These same conditions work for possessive adjectives masculine forms for masculine possessions. Determiners are used before the noun and adjectives after the noun or when nouns are not present but possession is indicated.
Plural Pronouns[]
| Nom | D.O. | I.O. | Disj. / Emph |
Reflexive |
Poss. Deter. |
Poss. Adj. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1st Person |
nos | noi | noi | nós/noiz | noi |
nostre/s m/f |
nostro(s) m. nostra/es f. | |
|
2nd Person |
Informal | vos | voi | voi | vós/voiz | voi | vostre/s m/f |
vostro(s) m. vostra/es f. |
| Formal | vostés | vostés | vostés | vostés | vostés |
vostre/s m/f |
voseu/s m. voseva/es f. | |
|
3rd Person |
Masc. | ełos | los | lis | łos | se |
son(s) m. sa/ses f. |
seu/seus m. seva/seves f |
| Fem. | ełes | les | lis | łas | se |
son(s) m. sa/ses f. |
seu/seus m. seva/seves f | |
| Unspec. | issos | hos | his | hos | se |
son(s) m. sa/ses f. |
seu/seus m. seva/seves f | |
| Indef. | sa | so | si | so | se |
son(s) m. sa/ses f. |
seu/seus m. seva/seves f |
Unspecified does not indicate a gender and can be used when a mixed or unidentified gender comes up. Masculine may also be used when there is a mix of gender in a group.
D.O. is direct object and I.O. is the indirect object.
Disjuctive/emphatic occurs after prepositions such as 'a' 'de' 'con' etc.
Indefinite pronouns correspond to things in English like 'one' such as 'one does not eat soup'
Using Pronouns[]
Pronouns always come before the verb except in the following conditions
- in an imperative where it is attached to the verb form and a hyphen is used.
- Example: da-lis-lo :: give them it
- Example sede-te :: sit!
- in an infinitive construction
- Example: deven comportarse :: [they] should act
- Example: devo ferlo? :: should I do it?