Revasthoro

	Gender	Cases	Numbers	Tenses	Persons	Moods	Voices	Aspects
Verb	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Nouns	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Adjectives	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Numbers	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Participles	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Adverb	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Pronouns	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Adpositions	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Article	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Particle	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No

 

Revasthoro revasthoro
Type
agglutinative
Alignment
Head direction
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
No
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect

General information

Revasthoro is a logic-based language created to showcase a never-before-seen grammatical structure.  This stucture is based purely in simplicity, elegance, and ease of speech.  Because it is based in logic instead of linguistics, when attempting to learn, please let go of all previous knowledge of languages and start anew.  SInce all parts of the language have been made to fit this structure even the vocabulary will be difficult to fully grasp unless you forget everything you know about how words interact with each other.  Other that this small warning, enjoy yourself.  This language is very original and I hope it renews or reinforces your love of language as well as gives you a new way to look at languages.  Good luck and if you get caught, I would advise trying to further remove yourself from anything not in this text.  Be a child, embrace your inner curiosity and creativity.  [peace to you]

Phonology

Every language needs some type of method of communication by which people can pass ideas, descriptions, etc.  The easiest of these methods is writing and speaking.  So to start, we need to establish the most basic unit in both of these methods, sounds and their equivalents letters.  Being based on logic, what are we looking for in our most basic units.  Well, we are looking for simplicity and constructability.  We want sounds that are simple to speak, we want letters that are easy to write and differentiate between, both the script and the phonology should follow a simple system, and we want both the sounds and letters to be simple to combine for word formation.  Unlike many other languages including the one you are reading right now have many letters that can represent multiple sounds and combinations that change pronunciation, making spelling and word formation much more difficult than necessary.  To avoid this, we will make a system in which the sounds a letter represents never change.  If you see a letter, it is pronounced exactly as it would be no matter where it is found.  So when going through the phonology, pay close attention to what sound each letter makes and refer back to the correct pronunciation often to avoid mispronouncing words.

letter	examples	notes
k:	cat - actor - back
g:	guilt - again - egg	always hard
t:	torn - ate - beget
d:	day - adore - head
p:	pay - appear - ape
b:	bat - able - cub
sh:	shut - ashes - hush	ch= t+sh
zh:	genre - gauge - cage	think first sound in "genre"
s:	sat - recess - ace
z:	zoo - hazel - ease
th:	think - ether - thumb	think: three vs. thee
th':	the - either - there	think: thee vs. three
f:	fun - after - deaf
v:	van - even - cave
n:	name - any - pen
m:	man - yummy - gem
y:	yes - yeti - you	only used when diphthong not possible
w:	we - way - want	only used when diphthong not possible
h:	help - hat - tahoe
l:	lay - lake - like	always clear (spanish)
r:	caro - ser - cargar	always tapped (spanish) (not trilled)
i:	eat - read - happy
o:	oat - hope - ago
u:	uber - boot - grew	when at start of words you don't add "y"
e:	end - hen - lead
a:	ought - on - father
#:	under - honey - gum	(schwa sound)

Consonants

All consonants are grouped by place of articulation and closure.  Place of articulation simply means where the sound is created.  For all serious linguists, I know that I am not using the official names and I know that not all of be grouped together under the generic chart.  For non-linguists, just know that "back" consonants are produced near the back of the mouth, "middle" consonants are produced in the middle of the mouth, "dental" consonants are produced using the teeth, and "front" consonants are made using the lips.  Again don't take this too seriously, it isn't an exact place of sound creation but just a region of articulation used to group some similar sounds.  Closure is just defined as how much the airflow is restricted when making the designated sound.  Closed consonants simply means that the airflow is stopped (basically you can't make these sounds for very long).  Open consonants are the opposite, these sounds are much less restricted (basically you can make these sounds until you run out of breath).  Semi-vowels are much like "open" consonants except they are more similar to vowels and most can be found in the sounds of a vowel or diphthong.  And vowels are sounds with unrestricted airflow (that's what a vowel is).  Don't read to much into this stuff it's just a way of grouping sounds.  All consonants are found in this grid in the order: unvoiced - voiced - (nasal).  Voiced vs. unvoiced is like the difference between humming and whispering and nasal consonants include airflow through the nose as well as the mouth.  Ex. "f" is unvoiced because the vocal cords are not vibrating (it sounds like whispering) - "v" is created in the same place and is also "open" but it is voiced and thus the vocal cords are vibrating (sounds like humming) - and "m" is also created in the same region and is also open but there is airflow through the nose so it is nasal.

	back		middle		dental			front
closed	---		k	g	t		d	p		b
open	sh	zh	s	z	th	th'	(n)	f	v	(m)

Vowels

Vowels are also grouped by place of articulation and closure.  They are classified either front middle or back for place of articulation.  Just like consontants, the "back" vowels are created in the back of the mouth, "middle" in the middle, and "front in the front.  A vowel can either be open or closed as far as closure.  This is just the difference whether the sound ends in a "y" or "w" sound or an "h" sound.  If you pronounce a "open" vowel and trail off continuing the sound it will stop being the vowel and start being the "y" or "w" semivowel.  Try pronouncing the "i" sound, say the word "eek!"  If you prolong the first phoneme in this word all you are really doing is pronouncing "y" and holding it.  The "o" and "u" sounds trail off into a "w" sound.  Likewise, all closed vowels trail off into an "h" for example, the "a" in father trails of into a long "h" sound.  Note that closed vowels are not like closed consonants which cannot be pronounced for extented periods of time it is just a classification.  The following chart shows the vowels in their respective categories.

	back	middle	front
closed	but (#)	bot (a)	bet (e)
open	boot (u)	boat (o)	beat (i)

Semivowels:

Semivowels are not quite consonants not quite vowels but as the name suggests they can act as both.  Most people don't know that "l" and "r" can actually act as a vowel.  An example would be the word "bubble" no one actually says bubble with a true vowel in the last syllable -bubbul- we all say -bubbl- the vowel is the "l"  

Alphabet

		back		middle		dental			front
closed	con.	---		k	g	t		d	p		b
vow.	#  -h-		a  -h-	-r-  -l-		e  -h-
open	con.	sh	zh	s	z	th	th'	(n)	f	v	(m)
vow.	u  -w-	o  -w-	---	i  -y-

Vocabulary

No.	English
1	I	—
2	you (singular)	—
3	he	—
4	we	—
5	you (plural)	—
6	they	—
7	this	—
8	that	—
9	here	—
10	there	—
11	who	—
12	what	—
13	where	—
14	when	—
15	how	—
16	not	—
17	all	—
18	many	—
19	some	—
20	few	—
21	other	—
22	one	—
23	two	—
24	three	—
25	four	—
26	five	—
27	big	—
28	long	—
29	wide	—
30	thick	—
31	heavy	—
32	small	—
33	short	—
34	narrow	—
35	thin	—
36	woman	—
37	man (adult male)	—
38	man (human being)	—
39	child	—
40	wife	—
41	husband	—
42	mother	—
43	father	—
44	animal	—
45	fish	—
46	bird	—
47	dog	—
48	louse	—
49	snake	—
50	worm	—
51	tree	—
52	forest	—
53	stick	—
54	fruit	—
55	seed	—
56	leaf	—
57	root	—
58	bark	—
59	flower	—
60	grass	—
61	rope	—
62	skin	—
63	meat	—
64	blood	—
65	bone	—
66	fat	—
67	egg	—
68	horn	—
69	tail	—
70	feather	—
71	hair	—
72	head	—
73	ear	—
74	eye	—
75	nose	—
76	mouth	—
77	tooth	—
78	tongue	—
79	fingernail	—
80	foot	—
81	leg	—
82	knee	—
83	hand	—
84	wing	—
85	belly	—
86	guts	—
87	neck	—
88	back	—
89	breast	—
90	heart	—
91	liver	—
92	drink	—
93	eat	—
94	bite	—
95	suck	—
96	spit	—
97	vomit	—
98	blow	—
99	breathe	—
100	laugh	—
101	see	—
102	hear	—
103	know	—
104	think	—
105	smell	—
106	fear	—
107	sleep	—
108	live	—
109	die	—
110	kill	—
111	fight	—
112	hunt	—
113	hit	—
114	cut	—
115	split	—
116	stab	—
117	scratch	—
118	dig	—
119	swim	—
120	fly	—
121	walk	—
122	come	—
123	lie	—
124	sit	—
125	stand	—
126	turn	—
127	fall	—
128	give	—
129	hold	—
130	squeeze	—
131	rub	—
132	wash	—
133	wipe	—
134	pull	—
135	push	—
136	throw	—
137	tie	—
138	sew	—
139	count	—
140	say	—
141	sing	—
142	play	—
143	float	—
144	flow	—
145	freeze	—
146	swell	—
147	sun	—
148	moon	—
149	star	—
150	water	—
151	rain	—
152	river	—
153	lake	—
154	sea	—
155	salt	—
156	stone	—
157	sand	—
158	dust	—
159	earth	—
160	cloud	—
161	fog	—
162	sky	—
163	wind	—
164	snow	—
165	ice	—
166	smoke	—
167	fire	—
168	ash	—
169	burn	—
170	road	—
171	mountain	—
172	red	—
173	green	—
174	yellow	—
175	white	—
176	black	—
177	night	—
178	day	—
179	year	—
180	warm	—
181	cold	—
182	full	—
183	new	—
184	old	—
185	good	—
186	bad	—
187	rotten	—
188	dirty	—
189	straight	—
190	round	—
191	sharp	—
192	dull	—
193	smooth	—
194	wet	—
195	dry	—
196	correct	—
197	near	—
198	far	—
199	right	—
200	left	—
201	at	—
202	in	—
203	with	—
204	and	—
205	if	—
206	because	—
207	name	—