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Name: Shamalian
Type: Fusional Alignment: Tripartite Head Direction: First Number of genders: 3 Declensions: Yes Conjugations: Yes
|
Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Verb | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Nouns | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Adjectives | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Participles | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Pronouns | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No |
Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Setting[]
Shamalian is the language spoken by the people of the western islands, some of the few remaining large islands on the planet Ezel. It's the second most widely spoken language on the planet after Boranchi, the official language of the United Eastern Islands (UEI).
The people of Ezel are normal humans just like earth's human beings, with the exception of western islands' citizens. A special unknown element in the air surrounding the islands give the ones born there a special ability. Which ability the child will be born with depends on a corresponding factor in his genetic code.
This has led to instability and wars between the two factions. Using their advanced technology the UEI wants to extract the element and genetic code so they can create advanced weaponry. While the simple villagers of the western islands are using their abilities to defend themselves and try to regain peace.
General Information[]
Shamalian is a fusional language, with a sentence structure of OSV. It uses a triconsonantal root base to form its verbs and many of its nouns and adjectives. But it also has pronouns, prepositions, and indeclinable nouns which aren't derived from such roots. The root d-g-l "do" is used as a template to discuss word formation.
Word order[]
Shamalian is an OSV language
Postpositional Indirect Object Direct Object Subject Verb
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Bilabial |
Labio-Dental |
Alveoloar |
Post-Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal | |
Nasal |
m |
n |
|||||
Plosive |
b |
t d |
k g |
ʔ | |||
Affricate |
tʃ dʒ |
||||||
Fricative |
f |
s z |
ʃ |
h | |||
Approximant |
l |
j |
w |
- the consonants tʃ and dʒ only occur in loanwords
Vowels[]
Front |
Back | |
Close |
i |
u |
Close-mid |
e |
o |
Open |
ɑ |
Diphthongs[]
Shamalian has four diphthongs, formed by a combination of /ɑ/ or /ɑ:/ with the semivowels /j/ and /w/
Phonotactics[]
Shamalian's syllable structure: (C)(C)V(:)(C)
This can be further detailed into:
- V(:)(C)
- CV(:)(C)
- m(P)V(:)(C)
- CjV(:)(C)
- CwV(:)(C)
- ClV(:)(C)
- (P)(P)V(:)(C)
- (F)(N)V(:)(C)
Consonant clusters can't contain the glottal consonants /ʔ/ & /h/
Writing System & Romanization[]
Writing System[]
Shamalian uses an Abugida and it's written from right to left.
Romanization[]
A slightly modified version of the Latin alphabet is used for romanization
Consonants[]
Romanization |
IPA |
Romanization |
IPA |
‘ |
ʔ |
f |
f |
b |
b |
k |
k |
t |
t |
l |
l |
d |
d |
m |
m |
g |
g |
n |
n |
z |
z |
h |
h |
s |
s |
w |
w |
š |
ʃ |
j |
j |
Vowels[]
Romanization |
IPA | |
Short |
Long | |
a |
ā |
ɑ |
i |
ī |
i |
u |
ū |
u |
e |
ē |
e |
o |
ō |
o |
Loanwords & Foreign Names[]
Shamalian uses some special characters when writing loanwords and foreign names even if the sounds already exist in its phonology. For example, the loanword "bank" is romanized like this "βaňq". Here's a list of all the special characters:
Romanization |
IPA |
Shamalian Pronunciation |
č |
tʃ |
tʃ |
j |
dʒ |
dʒ |
β |
b |
b |
p |
p |
b |
q |
k |
k |
v |
v |
f |
ň |
n |
n |
ž |
Θ , ð |
t |
Basic Grammar[]
Verbs[]
Verbs are formed by adding vowels and affixes to the basic tri/tetra-consonantal root. These affixes and structure changes conjugate the verb to person (1st, 2nd, and 3rd), gender (Male, Female, Neuter), number (Singular, Plural), tense (Past, Present, Future), mood (indicative, subjunctive, conditional, imperative), and voice (active, passive).
Triconsonantal root verbs[]
Stem 1: dgali (example: bšaki - he wrote)
Past |
Present/Cont. |
Future |
Past (Passive) |
Present/Cont. (Passive) |
Future (Passive) |
Imperative | |
I |
midgal |
midegal |
midogal |
midagal |
midagel |
midagol |
|
We |
nedgalōl |
nedegalōl |
nedogalōl |
nedagalōl |
nedagelōl |
nedagolōl |
|
You (M/S) |
bodgali |
bodegali |
bodogali |
bodagali |
bodageli |
bodagoli |
dogali |
You (F/S) |
badgala |
badegala |
badogala |
badagala |
badagela |
badagola |
dogala |
You (N/S) |
bedgalo |
bedegalo |
bedogalo |
bedagalo |
bedagelo |
bedagolo |
dogalo |
You (M/P) |
bodgalōl |
bodegalōl |
bodogalōl |
bodagalōl |
bodagelōl |
bodagolōl |
doggali |
You (F/P) |
badgalōl |
badegalōl |
badogalōl |
badagalōl |
badagelōl |
badagolōl |
doggala |
You (N/P) |
bedgalōl |
bedegalōl |
bedogalōl |
bedagalōl |
bedagelōl |
bedagolōl |
doggalo |
He |
dgali |
hēdegali |
hēdogali |
dagali |
hēdageli |
hēdagoli |
|
She |
dgala |
hādegala |
hādogala |
dagala |
hādagela |
hādagola |
|
Neuter |
dgalo |
hōdegalo |
hōdogalo |
dagalo |
hōdagelo |
hōdagolo |
|
They (M) |
hēdgalōl |
hēdegalōl |
hēdogalōl |
hēdagalōl |
hēdagelōl |
hēdagolōl |
|
They (F) |
hādgalōl |
hādegalōl |
hādogalōl |
hādagalōl |
hādagelōl |
hādagolōl |
|
They (N) |
hōdgalōl |
hōdegalōl |
hōdogalōl |
hōdagalōl |
hōdagelōl |
hōdagolōl |
Stem 2: zidguli (example: zibšuki - he dictated)
Past |
Present/Cont. |
Future |
Past (Passive) |
Present/Cont. (Passive) |
Future (Passive) |
Imperative | |
I |
mizidgul |
mizidegal |
mizidogal |
mizidagal |
mizidagel |
mizidagol |
|
We |
nezidgulōl |
nezidegalōl |
nezidogalōl |
nezidagalōl |
nezidagelōl |
nezidagolōl |
|
You (M/S) |
bozidguli |
bozidegali |
bozidogali |
bozidagali |
bozidageli |
bozidagoli |
zidogali |
You (F/S) |
bazidgula |
bazidegala |
bazidogala |
bazidagala |
bazidagela |
bazidagola |
zidogala |
You (N/S) |
bezidgulo |
bezidegalo |
bezidogalo |
bezidagalo |
bezidagelo |
bezidagolo |
zidogalo |
You (M/P) |
bozidgulōl |
bozidegalōl |
bozidogalōl |
bozidagalōl |
bozidagelōl |
bozidagolōl |
zidoggali |
You (F/P) |
bazidgulōl |
bazidegalōl |
bazidogalōl |
bazidagalōl |
bazidagelōl |
bazidagolōl |
zidoggala |
You (N/P) |
bezidgulōl |
bezidegalōl |
bezidogalōl |
bezidagalōl |
bezidagelōl |
bezidagolōl |
zidoggalo |
He |
zidguli |
hēzidegali |
hēzidogali |
zidagali |
hēzidageli |
hēzidagoli |
|
She |
zidgula |
hāzidegala |
hāzidogala |
zidagala |
hāzidagela |
hāzidagola |
|
Neuter |
zidgulo |
hōzidegalo |
hōzidogalo |
zidagalo |
hōzidagelo |
hōzidagolo |
|
They (M) |
hēzidgulōl |
hēzidegalōl |
hēzidogalōl |
hēzidagalōl |
hēzidagelōl |
hēzidagolōl |
|
They (F) |
hāzidgulōl |
hāzidegalōl |
hāzidogalōl |
hāzidagalōl |
hāzidagelōl |
hāzidagolōl |
|
They (N) |
hōzidgulōl |
hōzidegalōl |
hōzidogalōl |
hōzidagalōl |
hōzidagelōl |
hōzidagolōl |
Stem 3: kwadgili (example: kwabšiki - he asked (someone) to write (something))
Past |
Present/Cont. |
Future |
Past (Passive) |
Present/Cont. (Passive) |
Future (Passive) |
Imperative | |
I |
mikwadgil |
mikwadegil |
mikwadogil |
mikwadagil |
mikwadigal |
mikwadogil |
|
We |
nekwadgilōl |
nekwadegilōl |
nekwadogilōl |
nekwadagilōl |
nekwadigalōl |
nekwadogilōl |
|
You (M/S) |
bokwadgili |
bokwadegili |
bokwadogili |
bokwadagili |
bokwadigali |
bokwadogili |
kwadogili |
You (F/S) |
bakwadgila |
bakwadegila |
bakwadogila |
bakwadagila |
bakwadigala |
bakwadogila |
kwadogila |
You (N/S) |
bekwadgilo |
bekwadegilo |
bekwadogilo |
bekwadagilo |
bekwadigalo |
bekwadogilo |
kwadogilo |
You (M/P) |
bokwadgilōl |
bokwadegilōl |
bokwadogilōl |
bokwadagilōl |
bokwadigalōl |
bokwadogilōl |
kwadoggili |
You (F/P) |
bakwadgilōl |
bakwadegilōl |
bakwadogilōl |
bakwadagilōl |
bakwadigalōl |
bakwadogilōl |
kwadoggila |
You (N/P) |
bekwadgilōl |
bekwadegilōl |
bekwadogilōl |
bekwadagilōl |
bekwadigalōl |
bekwadogilōl |
kwadoggilo |
He |
kwadgili |
hēkwadegili |
hēkwadogili |
kwadagili |
hēkwadigali |
hēkwadogili |
|
She |
kwadgila |
hākwadegila |
hākwadogila |
kwadagila |
hākwadigala |
hākwadogila |
|
Neuter |
kwadgilo |
hōkwadegilo |
hōkwadogilo |
kwadagilo |
hōkwadigalo |
hōkwadogilo |
|
They (M) |
hēkwadgilōl |
hēkwadegilōl |
hēkwadogilōl |
hēkwadagilōl |
hēkwadigalōl |
hēkwadogilōl |
|
They (F) |
hākwadgilōl |
hākwadegilōl |
hākwadogilōl |
hākwadagilōl |
hākwadigalōl |
hākwadogilōl |
|
They (N) |
hōkwadgilōl |
hōkwadegilōl |
hōkwadogilōl |
hōkwadagilōl |
hōkwadigalōl |
hōkwadogilōl |
Tetraconsonantal root verbs[]
Stem 1: diglili (example: kibnizi - he drove)
Past |
Present/Cont. |
Future |
Past (Passive) |
Present/Cont. (Passive) |
Future (Passive) |
Imperative | |
I |
midiglil |
midiglil |
midoglal |
midaglal |
midaglel |
midaglol |
|
We |
nediglilōl |
nediglilōl |
nedoglalōl |
nedaglalōl |
nedaglelōl |
nedaglolōl |
|
You (M/S) |
bodiglili |
bodiglili |
bodoglali |
bodaglali |
bodagleli |
bodagloli |
doglali |
You (F/S) |
badglila |
badiglila |
badoglala |
badaglala |
badaglela |
badaglola |
doglala |
You (N/S) |
bediglilo |
bediglilo |
bedoglalo |
bedaglalo |
bedaglelo |
bedaglolo |
doglalo |
You (M/P) |
bodiglilōl |
bodiglilōl |
bodoglalōl |
bodaglalōl |
bodaglelōl |
bodaglolōl |
doggalil |
You (F/P) |
badiglilōl |
badiglilōl |
badoglalōl |
badaglalōl |
badaglelōl |
badaglolōl |
doggalal |
You (N/P) |
bediglilōl |
bediglilōl |
bedoglalōl |
bedaglalōl |
bedaglelōl |
bedaglolōl |
doggalol |
He |
diglili |
hēdiglili |
hēdoglali |
daglali |
hēdagleli |
hēdagloli |
|
She |
diglila |
hādiglila |
hādoglala |
daglala |
hādaglela |
hādaglola |
|
Neuter |
diglilo |
hōdiglilo |
hōdoglalo |
daglalo |
hōdaglelo |
hōdaglolo |
|
They (M) |
hēdiglilōl |
hēdiglilōl |
hēdoglalōl |
hēdaglalōl |
hēdaglelōl |
hēdaglolōl |
|
They (F) |
hādiglilōl |
hādiglilōl |
hādoglalōl |
hādaglalōl |
hādaglelōl |
hādaglolōl |
|
They (N) |
hōdiglilōl |
hōdiglilōl |
hōdoglalōl |
hōdaglalōl |
hōdaglelōl |
hōdaglolōl |
Stem 2: dagdagi (example: kabkabi - he chose)
Past |
Present/Cont. |
Future |
Past (Passive) |
Present/Cont. (Passive) |
Future (Passive) |
Imperative | |
I |
midagdag |
midagdag |
midogdag |
midagdūg |
midagdēg |
midagdōg |
|
We |
nedagdagōl |
nedagdagōl |
nedogdagōl |
nedagdūgōl |
nedagdēgōl |
nedagdōgōl |
|
You (M/S) |
bodagdagi |
bodagdagi |
bodogdagi |
bodagdūgi |
bodagdēgi |
bodagdōgi |
dogdagi |
You (F/S) |
badglila |
badagdaga |
badogdaga |
badagdūga |
badagdēga |
badagdōga |
dogdaga |
You (N/S) |
bedagdago |
bedagdago |
bedogdago |
bedagdūgo |
bedagdēgo |
bedagdōgo |
dogdago |
You (M/P) |
bodagdagōl |
bodagdagōl |
bodogdagōl |
bodagdūgōl |
bodagdēgōl |
bodagdōgōl |
daggadaggi |
You (F/P) |
badagdagōl |
badagdagōl |
badogdagōl |
badagdūgōl |
badagdēgōl |
badagdōgōl |
daggadagga |
You (N/P) |
bedagdagōl |
bedagdagōl |
bedogdagōl |
bedagdūgōl |
bedagdēgōl |
bedagdōgōl |
daggadaggo |
He |
dagdagi |
hēdagdagi |
hēdogdagi |
dagdūgi |
hēdagdēgi |
hēdagdōgi |
|
She |
dagdaga |
hādagdaga |
hādogdaga |
dagdūga |
hādagdēga |
hādagdōga |
|
Neuter |
dagdago |
hōdagdago |
hōdogdago |
dagdūgo |
hōdagdēgo |
hōdagdōgo |
|
They (M) |
hēdagdagōl |
hēdagdagōl |
hēdogdagōl |
hēdagdūgōl |
hēdagdēgōl |
hēdagdōgōl |
|
They (F) |
hādagdagōl |
hādagdagōl |
hādogdagōl |
hādagdūgōl |
hādagdēgōl |
hādagdōgōl |
|
They (N) |
hōdagdagōl |
hōdagdagōl |
hōdogdagōl |
hōdagdūgōl |
hōdagdēgōl |
hōdagdōgōl |
Participles[]
Shamalian has two participles active and passive. They're inflected for gender and number only.
Stem |
Active Participle |
Passive Participle |
dgali |
dūgal |
dugūl |
zidguli |
hudgul |
hudgāl |
kwadgili |
hukwadgil |
hukwadgāl |
diglili |
hudaglil |
hudaglāl |
dagdagi |
hudagdig |
hudagdūg |
Infinitive[]
The infinitive is the male 3rd person singular past form of the verb
Nouns[]
Genders[]
Shamalian has three genders (Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter). The Neuter gender is implied, and a special mark is used to show if the noun is otherwise masculine or feminine. Masculine nouns all end with (-b), while feminine nouns end with (-m).
Number[]
Shamalian nouns are declined according to two number categories (Singular, Plural). Plural nouns all end with (-ōl)