Sonnend grammaredit
The city for conlangs
This is the study of grammar of the Sonnend language.
Contents |
[edit] Nouns
Nouns have four cases and two numbers. They have no articles.
| Example of a substantive (bot a day) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | bot | botet |
| Accusative | boty | boti |
| Genitive | bote | bottie |
| Dative | botal | botil |
[edit] Comparation of adjectives and adverbs
| Example of an adjective (upeh awesome) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| positive | comparative | superlative | |
| adjective | upeh | upehap | upehyn |
| adverb | upehaz | upehasal | upehasin |
There is one irregular adjective in Sonnend.
| Irregular adjective: (hus good) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| positive | comparative | superlative | |
| adjective | hus | arap | pryn |
| adverb | vaz | vasal | vasin |
[edit] Prepositions
Sonnend has lots of prepositions, and they need either genitive, accusative or dative. Many of the prepositions can have either of those cases, depending on whether the phrase tells about going, coming or being.
| Important prepositions in accusative case | |
|---|---|
| al | on, at |
| han | into, to |
| ol | for, to |
| os | in, at |
| tu | from, off |
| ust | from, out of |
[edit] Verbs
There is only one conjugation in Sonnend, and all the verbs are regular. They have four tenses (present, imperfect, perfect, pluperfect) and four moods (indicative, conditional, imperative, potential). The verb contains all the information, so no personal pronoun is needed as a subject in 1st and 2nd persons.
| Forms of Sonnend verbs (example = lje (to be)) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Imperfect | Conditional | Potential | Imperative | |
| sing.1 | ljan | ljin | ljis | ljenne | |
| sing.2 | ljat | ljit | ljist | ljenet | ljay |
| sing.3 | ljo | lji | ljiso | ljeno | ljakon |
| plur.1 | ljame | ljime | ljisma | ljenime | ljakme |
| plur.2 | ljade | ljide | ljisot | ljente | ljak |
| plur.3 | ljut | ljiu | ljissu | ljenut | ljakon |
[edit] Numerals
Sonnend uses base ten. Cardinal numbers are formed usually with a suffix, "-er" Ordinal numbers 0-10 Ejud, us, gyz, klem, nel, fuik, kiez, zibot, gesam, deskin, gimen Cardinal numbers 1st - 10th Jent, prett, klemt, neler, fuger, kjeser, zifter, gifner, dennjer, gimner
[edit] Modification
-us: Verb becomes a noun.
mirse -> mirmus = to love -> the love
-kis: Suffix of having.
gettel -> gettelkis = a fruit -> fertile
-cek: Suffix of not having.
tersin -> tersincek = an end -> endless
-oj: Changes the verb to respectful subject, or indicates an inhabitant of some place.
errare -> erraroj = to travel -> traveller
Sammok -> Sammokoj = Finland -> a Finnish person
-sak: Suffix of the languages.
Angland -> Anglandsak = England -> English
-en: 2nd participle, active
Ljan namer pergen sy = I've always liked you
-aut: 1st participle, active
Dettraute kat ljo depp. = The time of a waiting (person) is long.
