Swensh
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Swensh (Swensh: Svænska, ISO code: svk) is a language based off Old Swedish. The difference from today Swedish is some grammar changes (four cases, three genders, verbs conjugated after persons etc.), vocabulary (very few loan words), and pronunciation as well.
[edit] Grammar
[edit] Verb
| Conjugation of skáþa | Personal forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
| Indicative | iæk | þú | han | vír | ír | þér |
| Present | skáþar | skáþar | skáþar | skáþom | skáþin | skáþa |
| Past | skáþaþe | skáþaþe | skáþaþe | skáþaþom | skáþaþin | skáþaþo |
| Subjunctive | iæk | þú | han | vír | ír | þér |
| Present | skáþe | skáþe | skáþe | skáþom | skáþin | skáþin |
| Past | skáþaþe | skáþaþe | skáþaþe | skáþaþom | skáþaþin | skáþaþin |
| Imperative | iæk | þú | han | vír | ír | þér |
| Present | – | skáþa | – | skáþom | skáþin | – |
| Impersonal forms | All persons | |||||
| Present participle | skáþande | |||||
| Past participle | skáþaþer | |||||
Like other Germanic languages, Swensh has got strong verbs. There are three moods; indicative, subjunctive and imperative. To the right is the conjugation of the regular 1st conjugation verb skáþa, to hurt. Perfect tense is formed by using present of háva, "to have" (although sometimes véra, "be"), + past participle with correct gender and number. Pluperfect is formed with past tense of háva (although sometimes vara) + past partiple with correct gender and number. The present participle is indeclinable. Strong verbs and other irregular verbs are present.
Examples of past tense:
- Han háver hana ælskaþ. (He has her loved) — He has loved her.
- Iak æm ankomen i husenu. (I am arrived at house-the) — I have arrived at the house, with véra as the auxiliary verb. Hús is in dative, húsenu.
[edit] Noun
| Inflexion of fisker, m. | Definiteness | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | fisker | fiskeren | fiskar | fiskarner |
| Genitive | fisks | fiskrens | fiska | fiskana |
| Accusative | fisk | fisken | fiskar | fiskarnar |
| Dative | fiske | fiskenom | fiskom | fiskonom |
Nouns belong to a gender, masculine, feminine or neuter. To he right is the inflextion of the neuter noun fisk. Umlaut and zero plural is present among Swensh nouns.
