The city for conlangs

Contents 1 Setting 1.1 General Information 1.2 Phonology 1.2.1 Single Letters 1.2.1.1 Consonants 1.2.1.2 Vowels 1.2.2 Diphthongs 1.3 Phonotactics 2 Basic Grammar 2.1 Verbs 2.1.1 Tense and Aspect 2.1.2 Voices-Mood 2.1.3 Evidentiality 2.1.4 Instrumental applicative 2.1.5 Comperative/Intensifier 2.1.6 Verb Agreement 2.1.7 Negation 2.2 Nouns 2.2.1 Genders 2.2.2 Noun Declension 2.2.2.1 Cases 2.2.2.2 Declension table 2.2.3 Numbers 2.2.4 Noun Derivations 2.3 Pronouns 2.3.1 Personal Pronouns 2.3.2 Pronoun Suffix 2.4 Reflexive 2.5 Genitive 2.6 Correlatives 2.7 Adjective 2.8 Postposition 2.9 Conjuctions 2.9.1 Coordinating conjunctions 2.9.2 Correlative conjunctions 2.9.3 Subordinating conjunctions 2.10 Adverbs 2.11 Time Manner Place 2.12 Modality 2.13 Syntax 2.13.1 Standard 2.13.2 Conditional Sentence 2.13.3 Subordinate clause 2.13.3.1 Noun Clause 2.13.3.1.1 Create Noun Clause 2.13.3.1.2 Copulas 2.13.3.1.3 Locative Copula 2.13.3.2 Adjective Clause 2.13.3.3 Adverbial Clause 2.13.3.3.1 Create Adverbial Clause 2.13.3.4 Ratio 3 Dictionary 3.1 Suffixes 3.1.1 -(i)nyz 3.1.2 -(i)w 3.1.3 -Nil 3.1.4 -ug 3.1.5 -qenar 4 Writting system 5 Example text 5.1 One 5.2 Common phrases

[edit] Setting

Umbrean is spoken in the nation The Union of Confederated Umbrean Republican States, aka UCURS or Umbrean Confederacy, but is one of the major languages on Verus. It is set in a steampunk fantasy world

[edit] General Information

Umbrean is a verb based language, i.e. there is no adjectives and almost all other words are derived from their closest relative verb though some are stand alone nouns but they are rare. The sentence structure of umbrean is SOV, it is a agglutinating and isolating language in which both shifts depending on what category of things one deals with but it is consistent in that area.

[edit] Phonology

[edit] Single Letters

Umbrean alphabets sounds like this.

[edit] Consonants

Pronounciation of Umbrean Alphabet

IPA	X-SAMPA	Letter	IPA	X-SAMPA	Letter
/b/	/b/	B	/d/	/d/	D
/ɸ/	/p\/	F	/f/	/f/	FS
/g/	/g/	G	/h/	/h/	H
/j/	/j/	J	/χ/	/X/	K
/l/	/l/	L	/m/	/m/	M
/ŋ/	/N/	N	/ŋ/	/N/	Ñ/NN
/p/	/p/	P	/k/	/k/	Q
/x/	/x/	R	/θ/	/T/	S
/t/	/t/	T	/v/	/v/	W
/w/	/w/	WO	/ʃ/	/S/	X
/s/	/s/	Z	/ʂ/	/s`/	XR

[edit] Vowels

Pronounciation of Umbrean Alphabet

IPA	X-SAMPA	Letter	IPA	X-SAMPA	Letter
/y/	/y/	Y	/a/	/a/	A
/e/	/e/	E	/o/	/o/	O
/u/	/u/	Õ	/ø/	/2/	Ö
/ʉ/	/}/	U	/ɑ/	/A/	Ã

[edit] Diphthongs

Pronounciation of Umbrean Alphabet

letters	X-SAMPA	letters	X-SAMPA
Ao	/aO/	Ei	/{I/
Ya	/ya/	Yu	/y}/
Ae	/a{/	Ue	/}{/

[edit] Phonotactics

B,P,T,Q are always followed by a vowel

R and K always comes alone from consonants, as there is vowels around them

two consonants always comes between two vowels

The syllable structure of umbrean is (C)V(C)

Ablaut: i-y-ao-u-ei-a-ya-ue-o-ae-yu-e

[edit] Basic Grammar

[edit] Verbs

Umbrean is very regular in its language except for very few verbs but mostly the verb "to be"

Verbal structure, bold isnt always present:

Voice/Mood-Modality

Verb-Comperative-Instrumental-Evidentiality-Negation-Person

Tense/Aspect-Declension

[edit] Tense and Aspect

Tense and aspect is combined into one word which is placed after the verb

		Aspect					Infinitive
Tense	Aspect	Regular (-w)	Inceptive (-l)	Continuative (-s)	Terminative (-n)	Genericative (-p)
Present (G-)	Simple (-y-)	Gyw	Gyl	Gys	Gyn	Gyp	Yny
	Perfective (-a-)	Gaw	Gal	Gas	Gan	Gap
	Imperfective (-u-)	Guw	Gul	Gus	Gun	Gup
	Perfect (-e-)	Gew	Gel	Ges	Gen	Gep
Past (Q-)	Simple (-y-)	Qyw	Qyl	Qys	Qyn	Qyp
	Perfective (-a-)	Qaw	Qal	Qas	Qan	Qap
	Imperfective (-u-)	Quw	Qul	Qus	Qun	Qup
	Perfect (-e-)	Qew	Qel	Qes	Qen	Qep
Future (Z-)	Simple (-y-)	Zyw	Zyl	Zys	Zyn	Zyp
	Perfective (-a-)	Zaw	Zal	Zas	Zan	Zap
	Imperfective (-u-)	Zuw	Zul	Zus	Zun	Zup
	Perfect (-e-)	Zew	Zel	Zes	Zen	Zep

[edit] Voices-Mood

in Umbrean voice and mood is combiend into one word that is placed infront of the verb, the "Dig", Active voice imperative mood word, only occures whenever the voice-mood shall have a suffix onto it

		Voice
		Active	Passive	Middle
Mood	Indicative	(Dig)	Xryg	Wy'
	Imperative	Bãfs	Ök	Ab
	Hypothetical	Nãn	Mu'd	Nim
	Potensial	He'n	Xaj	Faw
	Dubitative	Mim	Zyxr	Hur
	Interrogative	Bej	Tyq	Nab
	Conditional	Xryf	Gyz	Myl

Mood	Description	Example
Indicative	It is factually.	"I walked to my job"
Imperative	Statement, Demanding	"Lets go!"
Hypothetical	It is hypothetical	"You could have walked to your job"
Potensial	It is likely	"I will probably go there"
Dubitative	It is uncertain/doubtful	"I doubt you walked to your job"
Interrogative	Its a question	"Did you walk to your job?"
Conditional	Its a condition	"I would walk to your job....."

[edit] Evidentiality

To show the evidentiality of a verb one adds these suffixes to the verb root, if left out its assumed or one think it happened

Evidence		Suffix	Example
None-witness	Second Hand	-(u)flo	He did it, i heard it from the witness
	Others, quotation, saying	-(i)wge	He did it, i heard it from the person who heard it from the witness
Witness	Visual	-(u)gy	He did it, i saw it myself
	None-Visual	-(d)afe	He did it, i sensed it
	Inferential	-(a)go	He did it, all evidence points to it

[edit] Instrumental applicative

Verbs can be said how they are done between chaotic and orderly, forced or willingly

	Orderly	Less Orderly	Normal	Disorganized	Chaoticly
Willing	-ypu	-opu	-ipu	-epu	-apu
Less Willing	-yli	-oli	-ili	-eli	-ali
Neutral	-yd'o	-od'o	--	-ed'o	-ad'o
Less Forceful	-yzy'	-ozy'	-izy'	-ezy'	-azy'
Forcefully	-yuz	-ouz	-iuz	-euz	-auz

[edit] Comperative/Intensifier

One can use these to say one did a verb to a further extent

Base	Larger/Greater	Smaller/Lesser
Base
Comparative 1	-ej	-ay
Comparative 2	-ef	-uf
Comparative 3	-akon	-olqy
Superlative	-oq	-yra

[edit] Verb Agreement

Umbrean verbs agrees according to the person and number in subject, direct object and indirect object by adding an ending which has its meaning.

[Intransitive/Ergative-Accusative]-Dative

Intransitive

	Singular	Puacal	Plural
1st Person	-ixi	-esi	-axi
2nd Person	-iza	-õta	-aza
3rd Person	-iwy	-ewy	-ay

Ergative-Accusative

			Accusative
			Singular			Puacal			Plural
			1st Person	2nd Person	3rd Person	1st Person	2nd Person	3rd Person	1st Person	2nd Person	3rd Person
Ergative	Singular	1st Person	-ix	-iw	-in	-yx	-yw	-yn	-ux	-uw	-un
		2nd Person	-ox	-ow	-on	-eu	-ew	-en	-ax	-aw	-an
		3rd Person	-ör	-öw	-ön	-õx	-õw	-õn	-y'x	-yw	-y'n
	Puacal	1st Person	-iz	-il	-im	-yd	-yl	-ym	-uz	-ul	-um
		2nd Person	-oz	-ol	-om	-ez	-el	-em	-az	-al	-am
		3rd Person	-öz	-öl	-öm	-õz	-õl	-õm	-y'z	-y'l	-y'm
	Plural	1st Person	-iq	-is	-ifs	-yq	-ys	-yfs	-uq	-us	-ufs
		2nd Person	-oq	-oz	-ofs	-eq	-es	-ef	-aq	-as	-afs
		3rd Person	-öq	-ös	-öfs	-õq	-õs	-ofs	-y'q	-y's	-y'fs

Dative

	Singular	Puacal	Plural
1st Person	-qo	-qy	-qe
2nd Person	-fo	-ny	-fe
3rd Person	-po	-py	-le

[edit] Negation

Negation of verbs are done by adding the suffix -yz

[edit] Nouns

[edit] Genders

Umbrean genders include None-moving, Living, Mechanical and Magical

Gender	Description	Example
None-Moving	Things that cant by own force in anyway move	Stone, Wall, House
Living	Objects that are alive	Animal, Fish, Human
Mechanical	Machines, electronics etc	Steam engine, Train
Magical	Things that moves seemignly without a cause	Moon, Fire, Wind, Air, Sun

[edit] Noun Declension

[edit] Cases

Umbrean have 4 cases, Ergative, Intransitive, Accusative, Dative

Case	Desription:
Ergative	The grammatical case that identifies the subject of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages
Accusative	The grammatical case used to mark the direct object of an transitive verb
Intransitive	The grammatical case used in some languages to mark the subject of an transitive verb
Dative Case	The grammatical case used to defined the indirect object of a bitransitive verb

[edit] Declension table

Umbrean nouns are declinsioned according to if they are defined or undefined, which case they are, which gender and if its singular, puacal and plural according to this table if they are regular

Name	Amount
Singular	1
Puacal	2-6
Plural	6<

		Singular				Puacal				Plural
		Ergative	Accusative	Intransitive	Dative	Ergative	Accusative	Intransitive	Dative	Ergative	Accusative	Intransitive	Dative
None-Moving	Undefined	-o	-o	-ol	-oq	-(o)fo	-(o)fo	-ol	-ol	-oke	-ow	-(o)lo	-owo
	Defined	-(o)qo	-(o)qo	-olo	-oqol	-ofo	-ofi	-ol	-oli	-oflo	-(o)gi	-ol	-ol
Living	Undefined	-u	-u	-u	-u	-up	-up	-uw	-uw	-ul	-uf	-ur	-uq
	Defined	-(u)qu	-(u)qu	-(o)lu	-ilu	-(u)lu	-(u)lo	-uly	-fi	-(u)lo	-(u)ro	-ure	-uru
Mechanical	Undefined	-y	-y	-y	-y	-(o)qy	-(e)qy	-(y)ry	-(i)fy	-yl	-yl	-(u)ry	-(u)ry
	Defined	-yv	-yv	-yv	-yv	-yry	-ylqa	-yp	-ypa	-(y)xy	-(y)py	-yxy	-yly
Magical	Undefined	-a	-a	-(a)la	-a	-(a)do	-(a)do	-(a)ma	-oma	-(a)do	-(a)da	-oma	-oma
	Defined	-(a)na	-(a)na	-(a)na	-(a)na	-(a)da	-(a)do	-(a)ja	-(a)jo	-(a)wa	-(a)wa	-(a)jo	-(a)jo

		Singular
		Ergative	Accusative	Intransitive	Dative
None-Moving	Undefined	-o	-o	-ol	-oq
	Defined	-(o)qo	-(o)qo	-olo	-oqol
Living	Undefined	-u	-u	-u	-u
	Defined	-(u)qu	-(u)qu	-(o)lu	-ilu
Mechanical	Undefined	-y	-y	-y	-y
	Defined	-yv	-yv	-yv	-yv
Magical	Undefined	-a	-a	-(a)la	-a
	Defined	-(a)na	-(a)na	-(a)na	-(a)na

		Puacal
		Ergative	Accusative	Intransitive	Dative
None-Moving	Undefined	-(o)fo	-(o)fo	-ol	-ol
	Defined	-ofo	-ofi	-ol	-oli
Living	Undefined	-up	-up	-uw	-uw
	Defined	-(u)lu	-(u)lo	-uly	-fi
Mechanical	Undefined	-(o)qy	-(e)qy	-(y)ry	-(i)fy
	Defined	-yry	-ylqa	-yp	-ypa
Magical	Undefined	-(a)do	-(a)do	-(a)ma	-oma
	Defined	-(a)da	-(a)do	-(a)ja	-(a)jo

		Plural
		Ergative	Accusative	Intransitive	Dative
None-Moving	Undefined	-oke	-ow	-(o)lo	-owo
	Defined	-oflo	-(o)gi	-ol	-ol
Living	Undefined	-ul	-uf	-ur	-uq
	Defined	-(u)lo	-(u)ro	-ure	-uru
Mechanical	Undefined	-yl	-yl	-(u)ry	-(u)ry
	Defined	-(y)xy	-(y)py	-yxy	-yly
Magical	Undefined	-(a)do	-(a)da	-oma	-oma
	Defined	-(a)wa	-(a)wa	-(a)jo	-(a)jo

[edit] Numbers

A thing to keep in mind is this language is base-12 based

[edit] Noun Derivations

to say the one who did the verb, "the one who sailed" for example one simply adds the suffix fitting from the noun declension onto the voice-mood word. if one wish to say for example "the one who ate my sandwish" one would put the "my sandwich" infront of the other, "my sandwich the one who ate"

[edit] Pronouns

[edit] Personal Pronouns

Umbrean have many persinal pronouns for various situations and the choice is critical in conversation as wrong choice can be considered an insult.

Case		Ergative			Accusative			Intransitive			Dative
		sg.	pc.	pl.	sg.	pc.	pl.	sg.	pc.	pl.	sg.	pc.	pl.
1st		Ej	Jix	Fiq	Fil	Jox	Liq	Fem	Jõxr	Lo'q	Xif	Jö	Lof
2nd	Other	Qob	Qob	Qob	Bin	Bin	Bin	Jij	Jij	Jij	Welqo	Welqo	Welqo
	Verusian	Xyz	Xaz	Xez	Bax	Byax	Buex	Jad	Haj	Paj	Jil	Fi	Fi
	Wise	Daq	Dyaq	Dueq	Xys	Xys	Xus	Nyl	Naol	Nul	Gug	Geig	Gag
3rd	Impersinal	Nez	Fij	Gyg	Waf	Pad	Nen	Beg	Jud	Qaw	Beg	Jud	Qaw
	Other	Al	Al	Al	Ab	Ja	Las	Ifli	Tyq	Taoq	If	Fyk	Waslo
	Verusian	Nom	Nij	Nyx	Ryj	Ryj	Ly	Qa	Qya	Que	Glu	Gu	Gyq
	Wise	Faq	Jan	Bar	Ji	Ra	Dun	Qih	Wy	Ag	Quq	Feho	Efly
	Noble	Wod	Daw	Aj	Da	Nab	Nar	Yq	Heh	Nuj	Weq	Deflo	Nuq

[edit] Pronoun Suffix

[edit] Reflexive

Reflexive is gotten by using the middle voice

[edit] Genitive

Umbrean do not have a genetive case but a postposition is instead. It is done im a simular manner to spanish which says like "House of jacob" though in umbrean the "of" word is placed behind jacob and becomes "House jacob of" translated of course

[edit] Correlatives

			Interrogative	Demonstrative			Quantifier
				Proximal	Semi-distal	Distal	Existential	Elective	Universal	Negative
Determinal		Living	Widu	Ny'z (sg) Nin (pc) Ne'f (pl)	Rõz (sg) Ran (pc) Röf (pl)	Xuz (sg) Xi'n (pc) Xyf (pl)	-pi'n	-ofpa	-efö	-õfla
		Magical	Fyta (Erg) Fyta (Acc) Fytala (Int) Fyta (Dat)	Ty'fs (sg) Tix (pc) Te's (pl)	Mõfs (sg) Max (pc) Mös (pl)	Lufs (sg) Li'x (pc) Lys (pl)			-wep	-dy'l
		None-Moving	Xrö (Erg) Xrö (Acc) Xröl (Int) Xröq (Dat)	Py'w (sg) Pil (pc) Pe'p (pl)	Hõw (sg) Hal (pc) Höp (pl)	Fsuw (sg) Fsi'l (pc) Fsyp (pl)	-dõok
		Mechanical		Zy'g (sg) Ziwo (pc) Ze'p (pl)	Fõg (sg) Fawo (pc) Föp (pl)	Dug (sg) Di'wo (pc) Dyp (pl)	-wi'l			-laxr
Pronoun	One of
		Sapient	Dia (Erg) Dia (Acc) Dila (Int) Dia (Dat)	hõ't (sg) he'r (pc) hus (pl)	sy't (sg) sör (pc) sos (pl)	xrãt (sg) xru'r (pc) xrys (pl)	Lönupi'n	Lönuofpa	Lönuefö	Ubuõfla
		Living	Afou	Xõ't (sg) Xe'l (pc) Xuz (pl)	Ly't (sg) löl (pc) Loz (pl)	Zãt (sg) Zu'l (pc) Zyz (pl)	Ubaupi'n	Ubuofpa	Ubuefö
		Magical	Alqa (Erg) Alqa (Acc) Alqala (Int) Alqa (Dat)	Tõ'fs (sg) Te'g (pc) Tun (pl)	Ry'fs (sg) Rög (pc) Ron (pl)	Lãfs (sg) Lu'g (pc) Lyn (pl)	Luqapi'n (Erg) Luqap'in (Acc) Luqalap'in (Int) Luqap'in (Dat)	Luqaofpa (Erg) Luqaofpa (Acc) Luqalaofpa (Int) Luqaofpa (Dat)	Luqawep (Erg) Luqawep (Acc) Luqalawep (Int) Luqawep (Dat)	Luqalaxr (Erg) Luqalaxr (Acc) Luqalalaxr (Int) Luqalaxr (Dat)
		Information		Dãs	Fil	Woil
		Mechanical	Ade'	woõ'ñ (sg) woe'd (pc) wouf (pl)	fsy'ñ (sg) fsöd (pc) fsod (pl)	fãñ (sg) fu'd (pc) fyf (pl)	Õmlywi'l	Õmlofpa	Õmlywep	Õmlylaxr
		Non-Moving		Mõ'r (sg) Me'x (pc) Mul (pl)	Qy'r (sg) Qör (pc) Qol (pl)	Ñãr (sg) Ñu'x (pc) Ñyl (pl)	Da'fodõok (Erg) Da'fodõok (Acc) Da'foldõok (Int) Da'foqõok (Dat)	Dafofpa (Erg) Dafofpa (Acc) Dafolo'fpa (Int) Dafoqofpa (Dat)	Dafowep (Erg) Dafowep (Acc) Dafolwep (Int) Dafoqep (Dat)
	Out of few		Fsul (Erg) (Acc) (Int) (Dat)	Si'g	Dial	Yfs	Ky	Xrio	Eis	Aqwe
	Out of many		Zol (Erg) Sof (Acc) Zõfs (Int) Fiö (Dat)		Qef	Öf
Pro-Adverbs		Location	Bam (Erg) Beg (Acc) Mia (Int) Fialõ (Dat)	Lefo(Erg) Lefo (Acc) Lefol (Int) Lefoq (Dat)	Req(Erg) Req (Acc) Reqol (Int) Reqoq(Dat)	Difo(Erg) Difo (Acc) Difol (Int) Difoq (Dat)	Lefdõok	Lefofpa	Lefwep	Lefdyl
		New
		New
		Time	Zyd (Erg) Ziliõ (Acc) Siõ (Int) Sop (Dat)	Lyma (Erg) Lyma (Acc) Lymla (Int) Lyma (Dat)	Dya (Erg) Dya (Acc) Dyla(Int) Dyqa (Dat)	Xyl Xyl (Acc) Xyl (Int) Xyla (Dat)	Lympi'n	Lymofpa	Lymwep	Lymdy'l
		Manner	Woak (Erg) Woö (Acc) Fip (Int) Aqwe (Dat)	Faxr (Acc) (Int) (Dat)	Lax (Acc) (Int) (Dat)	Xep (Acc) (Int) (Dat)	Faxrwil	Faxrofpa	Faxrwep	Faxrlaxr
		Reason	Teq (Erg) Teq (Acc) Tep (Int) Tap (Dat)	Lafs (Acc) (Int) (Dat)	Lep (Acc) (Int) (Dat)	Defs (Acc) (Int) (Dat)	Lafspi'n	Lafsofpa	Lafsefö	Lafsõfla
		Quantity	Qumto
Pro-verb			Xryr

[edit] Adjective

Adjectives are none-existent in umbrean as they are treated as verbs, one doesnt say "The red cat" but "The cat is red" and is done like with any normal verb so it doesnt need to fit along with the noun declenisaion. The big differens ebtween adjectives and normal verbs is that unlike verbs where you put multiple tense/aspect words into the sentence only one tense/aspect word is placed after adjectives even if there is multiple adjectives. "the big red cat" wouldnt be said as "the cat is big is red" nor "the cat is big and red" but "The cat is big red" or more presicely "the cat big red is"

[edit] Postposition

Umbrean uses post position after the clause or word in question, "table on" "going out her with" and it is ended by noun declension that fits the meaning of it in the verb it takes on if it takes on any particular one

Postposition	Meaning	Example
De	Of, ownership
Yx	Around, nearby
Ejnaf	Because, for the reason that

[edit] Conjuctions

[edit] Coordinating conjunctions

Connecting to parts is done like in english, X and Y, X or Y

Conjunction	Umbrean
And	O
Or	La
For	*
Nor	*
But	*
Yet	*
So	*

[edit] Correlative conjunctions

[edit] Subordinating conjunctions

[edit] Adverbs

Adverbs are formed by replacing the tempus-aspect word with "Ja"and leave out the voice-mood word unless it is per definition already an adverb. They are placed infront of the verb and comperatived the same way as adjectives.

[edit] Time Manner Place

Umbrean says things in the order of Time manner place rather than english Place Manner Time

[edit] Modality

Ways to form modality in a sentence in Umbrean compared to english

Unlike in english these dont differ relative to the tense in which they are used but the verbs tense tells what tense

Name	Method	Used
Ability/Availability	Suffix	-tiw
Requests	Mood + suffix	Potensial + -tiw
Permission
Possibility	Mood	Hypothetical / Potensial
Impossibility	Mood or Mood and suffix + Verb Negation	-tiw / Hypothetical / Potensial + Negation
Advisability	Suffix	-yxy
Expectation	Mood + Suffix	Potensial + -yxy
Necessity	Mood + Suffix	Indicative + -yxy
Lack of Necessity	Mood + Suffix + Verb Negation	Indicative + -yxy + Negation
Prohibition	Mood + Suffix + Verb Negation	Potensial + -yxy + Negation
Logical Deduction	Mood/Evidentiality	Indicative / Inferential

Name	English
	Past	Present	Future
Ability/Availability	could, was/were able to	can, am/is/are able to	will be able to
Requests	----	can, could, will, would
Permission	could, was/were allowed to	may, can, could, am/is/are allowed to	will be allowed to
Possibility	may have, might have, could have	may, might, could
Impossibility	couldn’t have	couldn’t, can’t
Advisability	should have, ought to have, had better have	should, ought to, had better
Expectation	should have, ought to have	should, ought to
Necessity	had to	must, have to, has to	will have to
Lack of Necessity	didn’t have to	don’t have to, doesn’t have to	won’t have to
Prohibition	could not	must not, may not, cannot
Logical Deduction	must have, have to have, has to have	must, have to, has to	----

[edit] Syntax

[edit] Standard

The Umbrean language is a Subject-Object-Verb language that arranges its sentences as "adam apple ate" rather than the english SVO "Adam ate apple"

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[edit] Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentence is formed by using hypothetical mood and conditional mood.

Ãquna xryf sonoiwy gyw, nãn ãfia gyw
Ãqu-	-na	xryf	sono-	-iwy	gyw,	dig	ãfia-	-iwy	gyw
Water	DEF	CND-ACT	hot	3PS-INT	Present	IND-ACT	boil	3PS-INT	Present
The water		If hot				It is boiling
If the water is hot, it is boiling

Nãn O'wilixi qaw, ej xror xryf zujadin qyw
Nãn	O'wil-	-ixi	qaw	ej	xror	xryf	zujad-	-in	qyw
HYP-ACT	Walk	1PS-INT	Past-Perf	I	Pro-Verb	CND-ACT	want	1PS-3PS-TRN	Past
I could have walked				If i wanted to do it
I could have walked, if i wanted to do it

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[edit] Subordinate clause

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[edit] Noun Clause

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Noun clauses is rather easily formed, it involves using noun declension chart though. It is simply formed by saying at as if it were its own miniture sentence then add the appropiate declension ending to Aspect-Tense word at the end

[edit] Create Noun Clause

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• Step one
  • Identify sub sentence/noun clause

I know + Billy made a mistake

• Step two
  • Translate each part properly

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[edit] Copulas

There exist 3 main copulas, one to describe a state, another for location and a third object or permanent thing.

[edit] Locative Copula

The locational Copula is "Hul" and highly irregular

Intransitive

	Singular	Puacal	Plural
1st Person	Hulixi	Hulesi	Xryfaxi
2nd Person	Diapiza	Diapõta	Diapaza
3rd Person	Xryfiwy	Diapewy	Hulay

Ergative-Accusative

			Accusative
			Singular			Puacal			Plural
			1st Person	2nd Person	3rd Person	1st Person	2nd Person	3rd Person	1st Person	2nd Person	3rd Person
Ergative	Singular	1st Person	Diapix	Diapiw	Xryfin	Xryfyw	Hulyw	Diapyn	Diapux	Huluw	Hulun
		2nd Person	Xryfox	Xryfow	Diapon	Diapeu	Xryfew	Diapen	Hulax	Hulaw	Diapan
		3rd Person	Xryför	Hulöw	Hulön	Hulõx	Hulõw	Hulõn	Huly'x	Diapyw	Huly'n
	Puacal	1st Person	Xryfiz	Xryfil	Xryfim	Diapyd	Diapyl	Xryfym	Huluz	Hulul	Hulum
		2nd Person	Huloz	Hulol	Hulom	Hulez	Hulel	Xryfem	Xryfaz	Diapal	Diapam
		3rd Person	Xryföz	Xryföl	Xryföm	Hulõz	Hulõl	Xryfõm	Xryfy'z	Huly'l	Huly'm
	Plural	1st Person	Xryfiq	Xryfis	Xryfifs	Hulyq	Hulys	Xryfyfs	Xryfuq	Xryfus	Xryfufs
		2nd Person	Xryfoq	Xryfoz	Xryfofs	Xryfeq	Xryfes	Xryfef	Xryfaq	Xryfas	Xryfafs
		3rd Person	Hulöq	Hulös	Hulöfs	Hulõq	Diapõs	Diapofs	Diapy'q	Diapy's	Diapy'fs

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[edit] Adjective Clause

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They dont exist, Umbrean dont have adjectives of any form

[edit] Adverbial Clause

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Adverbial clauses are formed simular to normal sentences with the proper conjugation word or prhase choosen according to the list below

Clause Kind	Usual Conjuction	Function	Example
Time Clause		These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
Conditional Clause	Conditional Tense	These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
Purpose Clause		These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
Reason Clause		These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
Result Clause		These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
Concessive Clause		These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
Place Clauses		These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
Clauses of Manner		These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
Clauses of Exclamations		Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).

Clause Kind	Usual Conjuction	Function	Example
Time Clause	when, before, after, since, while, as, until	These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.	Her father died when she was young.
Conditional Clause	if, unless	These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.	If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
Purpose Clause	in order to, so that, in order that	These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.	They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.
Reason Clause	because, since, as, given	These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.	I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.
Result Clause	so that	These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.	My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed.
Concessive Clause	although, though, while	These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.	I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now
Place Clauses	where, wherever	These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.	He said he was happy where he was.
Clauses of Manner	as, like, the way	These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.	I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.
Clauses of Exclamations	what a(an), how, such, so	Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).	What horrible news! How fast she types! You lucky man!

[edit] Create Adverbial Clause

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• Step one
  • test
• Step Two

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[edit] Ratio

Ratio such as Three to one would be said as Izi wzi miz where the word wzi is used in ratio context alone

[edit] Dictionary

Umbrean

A　B　D　E　F　G　H　I　J　K　L　M　N　O　P　Q　R　S　T　U　W　X　Y　Z

[edit] Suffixes

[edit] -(i)nyz

• Transform into

[edit] -(i)w

• Part of the noun

[edit] -Nil

• Moving

[edit] -ug

• Mana

[edit] -qenar

• Measure

[edit] Writting system

Umbrean writting system is written from up to down, then left to right

[edit] Example text

[edit] One

English	Umbrean
I	Ej
circle	qela
Transform into a square	manfinyz
i squared a circle	Ej qela manfinyz
i did the impossible

[edit] Common phrases

• = Go/walk/run to tartarus or go to hell
• = Directly How is rygnar? but means What time is it? or How much is the clock
• = The Union of Confederate Umbrean Republican States