Vøt E-Nït Vøt E-Nït | |||
---|---|---|---|
Type | |||
Synthetic, mostly fusional | |||
Alignment | |||
Head direction | |||
Tonal | |||
No | |||
Declensions | |||
Yes | |||
Conjugations | |||
Yes | |||
Genders | |||
Yes | |||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person | Number | ||
Tense | Aspect |
Classification and Dialects[]
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɴ | ||||||
Plosive | p b | t d | k g | ||||||
Fricative | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ | x, ɣ | h | |||
Affricate | t͡s | t͡ʃ | |||||||
Approximant | l | j | w | ||||||
Trill | r |
The nasal phoneme /ɴ/ has no independent letter of its own, it only occurs before fricatives (ġ and ç).
Apart from the nasal phoneme, every phoneme can be written using just one letter.
Vowels[]
Front | Near-front | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i y | u | |
Near-close | ɪ | ||
Close-mid | e ø | o | |
Near-open | æ | ||
Open | a |
Phonotactics[]
Writing System[]
There are three different orthographies; however in Nïnet a runic alphabet is used (called Rúna). The older alphabet is no longer used, and latin is used as a transliteration.
Letter | a | á | æ | e | é | ë | i | í | ï | o | ó | ø |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sound | /a/ | /a:/ | /æ~æ:/ | /e/ | /e:/ | /je~je:/ | /ɪ/ | /i:/ | /æj/ | /o/ | /o:/ | /ø~ø:/ |
Letter | u | ú | y | ý | ÿ | w | b | v | c | ç | d | ð |
Sound | /u/ | /u:/ | /y/ | /y:/ | /j/ | /w/ | /b/ | /v/ | /t͡ʃ/ | /x/ | /d/ | /ð/ |
Letter | p | f | g | ġ | h | k | l | m | n | r | s | ś |
Sound | /p/ | /f/ | /g/ | /ɣ/ | /h/ | /k/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /r/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ |
Letter | ş | t | þ | z | ||||||||
Sound | /t͡s/ | /t/ | /θ/ | /z/ |
Grammar[]
Nouns[]
Nouns fall under both genders and numbers. There are three genders (male, female and neuter, also called common gender). Nouns can be singular or plural.
Numbers | Singular Common | Singular Female | Plural Common | Plural Female |
---|---|---|---|---|
One | Áś | Áśa | Śót | Śú |
Two | Þwá | Þwá | Þwót | Þwú |
Three | Ðrï | Ðrïa | Ðrót | Ðrú |
Four | Feór | Fÿóra | Fÿorót | Fÿóru |
Five | Çem | Çéma | Çemót | Çemú |
Six | Seóç | Sÿóça | Sÿoçót | Sÿóçu |
Seven | Śófa | Śófa | Śofót | Śófu |
Eight | Eóçt | Ÿoçta | Ÿoçót | Ÿóçu |
Nine | Níë | Nïa | Nÿót | Nÿú |
Ten | Teón | Tÿóna | Tÿonót | Tÿónu |
Eleven | Aśát | Áśta | Aśót | Aśtú |
Twelve | Þwát | Þwáta | Þowót | Þwótu |
Thriteen | Ðríat | Ðráta | Ðriót | Ðrótu |
Fourteen | Fÿorát | Fÿórta | Fërót | Fÿórtu |
Fifteen | Çemát | Çemta | Çëmót | Çëmtú |
Sixteen | Sÿoçát | Sÿóçta | Sÿoçót | Sÿóçtu |
Seventeen | Śofát | Śofta | Śëfót | Śëftú |
Eighteen | Ÿoçát | Ÿóçta | Æçót | Æçtú |
Nineteen | Níát | Nÿóta | Nïót | Nÿótu |
Twenty | Þwívi | Þwíva | Þwivót | Þwívu |
Thirty | Ðrívi | Ðríva | Ðrivót | Ðrívu |
Forty | Fÿívi | Fÿíva | Fëvót | Fëvtú |
Fifty | Çívi | Çíva | Çivót | Çívtu |
Sixty | Sÿívi | Sÿíva | Sëvót | Sëvtú |
Seventy | Śÿívi | Śÿíva | Śëvót | Śëvtú |
Eighty | Ÿívi | Ÿíva | Ævót | Ævtú |
Ninety | Nÿívi | Nÿíva | Nëvót | Nëvtú |
Hundred | Kóś | Kóśa | Kśot | Kośtú |
Thousand | Wereg | Werga | Wergót | Wergú |
Pronouns[]
Pronoun | Translation |
---|---|
I | Ÿáġ |
You | Ëġ |
He | Śeś |
She | Śæ |
It | Kí |
Us | Ðá |
You* | Ëz |
Them | Cøc |
- The second person plural subject pronoun
Possessive Pronouns[]
Pronoun | Translation |
---|---|
My/Mine | -ve |
Yours | -vek |
His | -he |
Hers | -ha |
Its | -ke |
Ours | -rák |
Yours* | -vák |
Theirs | -hák |
- The second person plural possessive pronoun
Reflexive Pronouns[]
Reflexive | Translation |
---|---|
Oneself | ÿøp |
Myself | op |
Yourself | of |
Himself | óg |
Herself | ók |
Itself | øç |
Ourselves | øp |
Yourselves | øf |
Themselves | øçk |
Verbs[]
All verbs are conjugated in a similar way. It is as follows (example of the verb to answer; ðëçk):
Tense | Affix | Example |
---|---|---|
Infinitive | ÿ- | ÿ-ðëçk |
Present | -el | ðëçel |
Past | -ød | ðëçkød |
Future | ka- | ka-ðëçk |
Imperative | - | ðëçk! |
Syntax
Lexicon[]
Example text[]
English:
- Oh glorious moon in the high sky,
- May your light shine on me during my darkest hours,
- Let it guide me and deliver me.
- You are the silver jewel upon the gods' divine Crown,
- Your wisdom and your calm is what I seek.
- Drive away the demons and shadow lurkers,
- Enlighten me with your calm and serenity.
- May your rays shine upon me for all of eternity,
- Oh great silver orb of heaven
Vøt E-Nït:
- Ëða Ýtn ça wølðríd ÿú Ëlë ç ïpek
- Næş ġaśvek çón ák ÿáġ øþni vøÿ-íġove,
- Býv kí úðerel aç hïhwinel ÿáġ
- Ëġ ça þøÿ-surpím ák ç ilæçím moġar ilæçetaw
- Śonúððømvek ç ajagvek (aśagvek*) ÿáġ foçkel
- Hoçþ ça çoçøyo aç ðÿorkoþeo
- Hïġáś ÿáġ ón azág aç wïn-ïpek
- Næś ðwáruvek çón ák ÿáġ nweġ
- Ëða dïn ÿøz aç surpím ÿú Ëleÿa