Overview
Setting
NOTE: The country that I'm writing about in the following text doesn't exist, it's just a country that I've created together with this language.
The language Verdunian, or La lengua Verdunîenne, is a language which is spoken on the island of Verdunia (Verdunian: Verdunîana). Verdunia is located in the Mediterranean, south of France and very close to Corsica and Sardinia. And that's why Verdunian is so close to both French and Italian. Here's some facts about Verdunia:
Official name: La Republîque Democrática de Verdunîana (The Democratic Republic of Verdunia)
Capital: Danimerre
Size: about 32 770 sq. kilometres.
Population: about 12 000 000 (12 million)
Official languages: Verdunian (70% = 8.4 million), French (15% = 1.8 million), Italian (8% = 960 000).
Official minority languages: Spanish (5% = 600 000) and Portuguese (1% = 120 000). The last 1% = Other nationalities and languages.
Type of Government: A democratic republic
Head of State and Government: The President
Branches of the Government:
1. The President - Must approve of the laws that the parliament or the ministers is suggesting. The president is the leader of Verdunia's biggest party and is elected in an election every 5 years.
2. The government - At least 3 partys has cooperate if they want to a lead Verdunia's government and the 3 partys must have more than 50% of the votes all together.
3. The parliament - The parliament has 289 members from 7 parties, never more and never less. The system for how many members each party gets in each election, is a little bit complicated. Here's how it works:
Even if the biggest party gets 50% of the votes, it only counts as 27% of 289, which is 78. And even if the second biggest party just gets 14% of the votes, it counts as 21% of 289, which is 61. So no party can get more than 78 places in the parliament. The country has this system so that no party can get too powerful. Here's how many places each party gets:
The biggest: 27% - 78 places
The 2nd biggest: 21% - 61 places
The 3rd biggest: 15% - 43 places
The 4th biggest: 13% - 38 places
The 5th biggest: 11% - 32 places
The 6th biggest: 8% - 23 places
The 7th biggest: 5% - 14 places
The biggest partys
NOTE: The partys in this list isn't reflecting my opinions, they're just made up.
Here's a list of the biggest partys from the last election in Verdunia:
The biggest: La Partie Líberale (The liberal Party, a liberal party) *
The 2nd biggest: Los Democratícas (The democrats, a left party)
The 3rd biggest: Le Centre (The centre party, a right-middle party)*
The 4th biggest: L'Assoçiassion Cresthiênne (The christian association, a conservative right party)*
The 5th biggest: La Partie Vertée (The green party, a left-middle party)
The 6th biggest: La Partie Gauche (The left party, a left party)
The 7th biggest: Los Democratícas De Verdunîana (The democrats of Verdunia, a xenophobic party, a right party)
The partys with a * after is the partys that rule Verdunia since the last election. The president comes from La Partie Líberale and his name is Darió Bellatti.
Basic Grammar
Here are some grammar:
The Alphabet (L'Alphabet)
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
The language also uses the letters: Çç Áá Éé Íí Óó Úú Àà Èè Ìì Òò Ùù Ââ Êê Îî Ôô Ûû
An "^" over the vowel means it's a long vowel, an "´" over the vowel means that the stress is on that vowel and an "`" over a letter doesn't change any pronunciation, it's just so you can tell two words apart, otherwise they would be spelled in the same way and it could be some misunderstandings.
Since "C" is pronounced either as in children or as in camera in Verdunian, you can put a cedilla (¸) under the "C" and then it's pronounced as in circus. It's called C çedîa [Che cediia] (Cedilla C).
Pronunciation
Vowels
a as in bus
e as in bed or as in cat
i as in sit
o as in cool
u as in pull
ai as in sat
au as in cow
ou as in cool
ue as the Swedish y
eu as the French queue
eau as in the French eau
Consonants
b as in big [be]
c before e and i as in child and before a, o and u as in camera [che]
d as in do [de]
f as in foot [ef]
g before e and i as in azure and before a, o and u as in grass [zhe]
h as in hair [acha]
j as in azure [zhi]
k as in come [ka]
l as in large [el]
m as in mouse [em]
n as in not [en]
p as in pig [pe]
q as in quarter [qu]
r as in rat only further more in the front of the mouth [er]
s as in miss [es]
t as in tea [te]
v as in live [ve]
w as in winner [duble ve]
x as in axe [ix]
y as in young or as in sit [igrek]
z as in zone [zeta]
Articles
In Verdunian, nouns have gender. There are two genders, masculine and feminine. Most of the nouns that ends with a vowel is a feminine noun and most of the nouns that ends with a consonant is a masculine noun. The two genders have different words for "one". And those are une for masculine and una for feminine. For example:
Une chíen - A dog
Una chíenne - A female dog.
They also have different words for definite articles, le for masculine and la for feminine. For example:
Le chíen - The dog
La chíenne - The female dog.
When the noun starts with a vowel, the le and the la is slurred togther with the word. For example:
Le + alphabet - L'alphabet
La + animale - L'animale
If you don't know how many of something there is, you put lis in front of it. And if the noun ends with a consonant you add -es at the end and if it ends with a vowel you add -s. For example:
Lis chattes - Cats
Lis chíenes - Dogs
When you know exactly how many there are of something and there's more than one of it, you use los. For example:
Los chíenes - The dogs
Los chattes - The cats
Plural
Not every plural-noun gets the change -s or -es, a few words gets another change and some other turns to a whole new word.
Here's a list of some words with different changes:
Une jornal (pl: jorneau) - A newspaper
Una lengua (pl: lingue) - A language
Une ordenacer (pl: ordenoui) - A computer
Una feuie (pl: fouqe) - A paper (Like a paper you can draw on)
Une eui (pl: çâiva) - An eye
Une home (pl: homare) - A man
Una feme (pl: femare) - A woman
Pronouns
Jeu - I
Me - Me
Meyênna - Myself
Tu - You
Te - You (same use as "me")
Tuyênna - Yourself
Ile - He
Su - Him
Ileyênna - Himself
Ela - She
Sui - Her
Elayênna - Herself
On - It
Vis - We
Ves - Us
Viyênna - Ourselfes
Nis - You (pl.)
Nes - You (pl., same use as "ves")
Niyênna - Yourselfes
Ióro - They
Lures - Them
Ióroyênna - Themselfes
Possessive Pronouns
Mon (Maskuline words, une) Ma (Feminine words, una) - My
Ton (m) Ta (f) - Your
Son (m) Sa (f) - His, Her
Vitré - Our
Nitré - Yours
Leur - Their
Possessive pronouns for more than one object:
Mes - My
Tes - Your
Ses - His, Her
Visé - Our
Nisé - Yours
Leurs - Their
Adjectives
In Verdunian, the adjective comes after the noun. So it's not une blanco chíen, it's une chíen blanco. But if you want to say two days, you don't say giores deu, you say like in English, deu giores. And if there's more than one thing, you put en -s after the adjective.
Here's a list of some common adjectives:
Blonde (f: blondesse) - Blonde
Brunette (f: brunesse) - Brown-Haired
Ruberese (f: ruberesse) - Red-Haired
Noirese (f: noiresse) - Black-Haired
Blancese (f: blancesse) - White-Haired
Grezese (f: grezesse)- Gray-Haired
Belle (f: bella) - Beautiful, Pretty
Ilî (f: iliesse) - Ugly
Adôreble (f: adorablée) - Adorable
Inteligente (f: inteligentée) - Intelligent, Smart
Amúsante (f: amusantée) - Funny, Fun
Merveioso (f: merveieuse) - Wonderful
Buona (f: bonne) - Good
Terrîble (f: terriblée) - Terrible
Horrîble (f: horriblée) - Horrible
Gióven (f: giovenne) - Young
Vieu (f: vieuse) - Old
Neauvo (f: nouvella) - New
Grande (f: grandée) - Big
Juqe (f: juqée) - Small
Jantî (f: jantîe) - Kind
Verbs
Verbs in Verdunian are conjugated after which person who does it. Most of the verbs are conjugated after a special pattern and all of those verbs ends with -re and they're called regular verbs or -re verbs. When you conjugate a verb, you remove the -re and the vowel that comes before it and then you add some other letters. For example I will use the verb parlare, which means to speak. Here's how you conjugate it:
Jeu parles
Tu parlio
Ile/Ela/On parlé
Vis parlesa
Nis parlite
Ióro parlas
Non-regular verbs
Not all verbs are regular verbs. In fact, some of the most common verbs aren't regular. Here I will show you how the verbs Esteres (To Be), Aveur (To Have), Fera (To Do) and Prendese (To Take). Here's how to conjugate them:
Esteres (To Be)
Jeu souno
Tu esio
Ile/Ela/On esse
Vis etênne
Nis seite
Ióro estias
Aveur (To Have)
Jeu ai (J'ai)
Tu are (T'are)
Ile/Ela/On avre
Vis agione
Nis eure
Ióro eno
Fera (To Do)
Jeu faccio
Tu fais
Ile/Ela/On fire
Vis fasa
Nis farite
Ióro ferez
Prendese (To Take)
Jeu prendo
Tu prenne
Ile/Ela/On prende
Vis presa
Nis prito
Ióro prendas
The past time
Here I will show you what you say when you want to say that something has happened.
Regular verbs has a special pattern to follow. I will show you with the verb parlare. Like when you conjugate a verb by person, you remove the -re plus the vowel that's in front of it. When it's a regular verb you say like J'ai parly (I have spoken). You just add -y. When it's a non-regular it's a little harder. Like when you conjugate it by person, it turns into a whole new word. Here's some common non-regular verbs:
Esteres - To be
J'ai êt - I've been
Aveur - To have
J'ai yue - I've had
Fera - To do
J'ai feçue - I've done
Prendese - To take
J'ai prenzé - I've taken
Reflexive verbs
Reflexive verbs are verbs that needs a reflexive pronoun. (Me, te, su, sui, ves, nes, lures) In Verdunian you put the reflexive pronoun right after the first pronoun. For example:
Jeu m'habîes - I'm getting dressed.
The "m'" is the reflexive pronoun.
Ile su baié - He's bathing.
The "su" is the reflexive pronoun.
Some examples of reflexive verbs:
S'habîare - To dress
Su baiere - To bath
Su liaverte - To wash (yourself)
Su viadere - To hide
S'alvire - To stand up
Su dormirure - To sleep
Other conjugations of verbs
Of course there are other conjugations of the verbs, as in all other languages. For example there are more conjugations for past time, there are for the future and there are conjugations for like "I would like to...". Here I'll show some of those conjugations.
Imperfect (Imparfaiet)
This conjugation is for the past time. All the verbs has the same conjugation in the end of the words, no matter what, but the beginning of the words can change a bit. Here's the conjugations for esteres.
Jeu ésaie
Tu ésaies
Ile ésae
Vis ésona
Nis ésema
Ióro ésolent
Dictionary
Here's a (long) list of words in Verdunian.
Everyday Expressions
Greetings
Bounamâtin - Good morning
Bounagiore - Good day
Bounasera - Good evening
Bounanoche - Good night
Salut - Hi (Teenagers to teenagers).
Jacquarre - Hi (More polite. Adults to adults or teenagers to adults).
Ciao - Bye (Teenagers to teenagers).
Adieu - Bye (More polite. Adults to adults or teenagers to adults).
Colours
Une colêr - A colour
Blu (f: bleu) - Blue
Rûberio (f: rouge) - Red
Jeaune (f: jeaunée) - Yellow
Verde (f: vertée) - Green
Orange (f: orangée) - Orange
Rôsa (f: rosisse) - Pink
Lila (f: violesse) - Purple
Máron (f: maronnée) - Brown
Gri (f: griésse) - Gray
Noir (f: noirée) - Black
Blanco (f: blanche) - White
Numbers
Zeró - 0| Une - 1| Deu - 2| Trei - 3| Quatre - 4| Cinque - 5| Seix - 6| Setó - 7| Huite - 8| Nové - 9| Dieci - 10| Uneuze - 11| Deuze - 12| Treize - 13| Quatreuze - 14| Cinqueze - 15| Seixeuze -16| Setóze - 17| Huiteuze - 18| Novéze - 19| Viente - 20| Viente-un - 21| Viente-due - 22| ... Treinte - 30| Quatrente - 40| Cinquente - 50| Seixente - 60| Setóente - 70| Huitente - 80| Novénte - 90| Cento - 100| Cento-un - 101| Cento-due - 102 ... Centoviente - 120| Centoviente-un - 121| ... Mille - 1000| Milión - 1 000 000| Miliárd - 1 000 000 000|
Númera - Number
Animals
Una animale - An animal
Une chatte (f: |sse) - A cat
Une chíen (f: |ne) - A dog
Une lapîn (f: lapine) - A rabbit
Une serpente (f: |sse) - A snake
Une caíva (f: caívenne) - A guinea pig
Une amstere (f: |sse) - A hamster
Une pesce (f: |sse) - A fish
Une perucce (f: |sse) - A parakeet
Une lión (f: |esse) - A lion
Une tigre (f: |sse) - A tiger
Days, Months and Seasons
Avegiore - Yesterday
Cegiore- Today
Demorgion - Tomorrow
Ademorgion - The day after tomorrow
Weekdays
Une giore - A day
Lunagiore - Monday
Maregiore - Tuesday
Mercegiore - Wednesday
Jogiore - Thursday
Vendegiore - Friday
Samigiore - Saturday
Domegiore - Sunday
Months
Una mese - A month
Gianvier - January
Febrier - February
Marze - Mars
Avrile - April
Magio - May
Juno - June
Julio - July
Agosto - August
Septembre - September
Octobre - October
Novembre - November
Decembre - December
Seasons
Una stágione - Season
Prîmavera - Spring
Estáte - Summer
Autôme - Autumn, Fall
Hinvéro - Winter
Foods
Colazion - Breakfast
Dejúne - Lunch
Dînner - Dinner
Norituere - Food
Juenî - Meal
Vegetables
Una legúme - A vegetable
Una tomate - A tomato
Una cotriole - A cucumber
Mez - Corn
Una broccoli - A broccoli
Une onion - An onion
Laitue - Lettuce
Una cedanne - A celery
Une carót - A carrot
Una cavólfìre - A cauliflower
Fruits
Una fruita - A fruit
Una pômme - An apple
Una pere - A pear
Una banana - A banana
Una apelsînne - An orange
Una limóne - A lemon
Una frazo - A strawberry
Una pescé - A peach
Una melóne - A melon
Una çeurize - A cherry
Una cêpa - A grape
Una pruene - A plum
Meal Courses
Aperítio - Appetizer
Entrése - Main Course
Dessert - Dessert
Main Courses
Poule - Chicken
Beuf - Beef
Porque - Pork
Steque - Steak
Pesce - Fish
Desserts
Una geteau - A cake
Una pâie - A pie
Una mufinne - A cupcake
Una coqîe - A cookie
Tiramisú - Tiramisu
Parfait - Parfait
Glaçe - Ice Cream
Family words
Parentes (pl., m.) - Parents
Mader (f) - Mum/Mother
Pader (m) - Dad/Father
Sibelynes (pl., m.) - Siblings
Frare (m) - Brother
Sorêlla (f) - Sister
Padêlla (f) - Aunt (Dad's sister)
Madêlla (f) - Aunt (Mum's sister)
Padare (m) - Uncle (Dad's brother)
Madare (m) - Uncle (Mum's brother)
Grandes-parentes (pl., m.) - Grandparents
Grande-mader (f) - Dad's mother
Grandée-mader (f) - Mum's mother
Grande-pader (m) - Dad's father
Grandée-pader (m) - Mum's father
Cousine (m) - Cousin (boy)
Cousinée (f) - Cousin (girl)
Other words
Qua? - What?
Qui? - Who?
Quando? - When?
Qîe? - How?
Pourqua? - Why?
Ou? - Where?
O? - Or?
Adesso - Now
Perciem - Because
Aqudo - Here
Lei - There
Lei-a - Over there
Maiza - But
Example text
A letter in Verdunian
Here's a letter written in Verdunian from the imaginated Callam Dagio from Verdunia.
Jacquarre!
J'appelles Callam Dagio y jeu souno 14 (quatreze) anes. Jeu vires aì Verdunîana, aì una çité qui apellé Danimerre.
J'ai une frare, Alex, y una sorêlla, Sophie. J'ai ausî une pader y una mader. Mon pader appellé Alveró y ma mader appellé Julie. J'ai ausî una chíenne, Una.
Mes interestes estias vodere mes coupaines, reguardere de la têle y gioure de l'ordenacer. Mais jeu pas aimes fera de la piano, rangere ma camâre o fera mes devoares.
Ile esse toute de me.
Adieu!
Callam Dagio
Translation
Hi!
My name is Callam Dagio and I'm 14 years old. I live in Verdunia, in a town called Çité de Verdunîana.
I have a brother, Alex and a sister, Sophie. I also have a dad and a mum. My dad's name is Alveró and my mum's name is Julie. I also have a dog, Una.
My interests are beeing with my freinds, watch TV and play on the computer. But i don't like to play the piano, clean my room or do my homeworks.
That was everything about me.
Bye!
Callam Dagio
Comparison
Since Verdunian is a Romance language, it has many similarities with the other Romance languages, especially French and Italian. Here is a santence in the biggest Romance languages, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian plus Verdunian so you can see the similarities.
One language is not enough. (English)
Uma língua não é suficiente. (Portuguese)
Un idioma no es suficiente. (Spanish)
Une langue ne suffit pas. (French)
Una lingua non è sufficiente. (Italian)
O limbă nu este de ajuns. (Romanian)
Una lengua pas esse sufice. (Verdunian)
As you can see it has many similarities with almost everyone of those.
Countries and Nationalities
Here's all the countries in Europe and some major countries around the world.
La Verdunîana - Verdunia
Verdunîenne (ée) - Verdunian language or people
L'Içelânde (f) - Iceland
Içelândaise (ée) - Icelandic language or people
La Norvîe - Norway
Norvîenne (ée) - Norwegian language or people
La Suezia - Sweden
Suezîenne (ée) - Swedish language or people
Le Danemark - Denmark
Danaise (ée) - Danish language or people
Le Fînland - Finland
Finoâse (ée)- Finnish language or people
La Rissîe - Russia
Rissîenne (ée) - Russian language or people
L'Estonîe (f) - Estonia
Estonîenne (ée) - Estonian language or people
La Lettonîe - Latvia
Letton (ée) - Latvian language or people
La Lituania - Lithuania
Lituan (ée) - Lithuanian language or people
La Bielorissîe - Belarus
Bielorissîenne (ée) - Belarussian language or people
L'Icren (m) - Ukraine
Icrenne (ée) - Ukrainian language or people
La Polánde - Poland
Polesque (ée) - Polish language or people