X'ocpláq'
The city for conlangs
| X'ocpláq' (X'ocpláq') | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in: | none |
| Region: | none |
| Total speakers: | several scientists (~50) |
| Ranking: | no ranking |
| Genetic classification: | unknown, probably Uto-Aztecan |
| Official status | |
| Official language of: | none |
| Regulated by: | The X'ocpláq Society in Massachusetts |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | xq |
| ISO 639-2 | xpq |
| SIL | none |
| See also: Language – List of languages | |
X'ocpláq' (sometimes Hoshplac, Khoshplac or Khoshplak) is an unnatural personal language created by Neonlights. X'ocpláq' is read /xoʃ'plaq/ in IPA. It's an agglutinative and an OVS system language (except when a personal pronoun is the subject; it's then blended into the verb).
Contents |
[edit] Phonetics
X'ocpláq' has 5 vowels and 21 consonant (included semivowels). There are 2 variations of each consonant: without an apostrophe and with an apostrophe. The latter ones are on the right. There are also 2 variations of each vowel: without the accent (´) or with it. The latter ones are also on the right (they're always stressed; if there are two of them, the stress falls on the first one).
- a /ə/ /a/
- b /b/ /ʙ/
- c /ʃ/ /t͡s/
- d /d/ /ð/
- e /ə/ /e/
- f /f/ /ʋ/
- g /g/ /ʑ/
- h /ç/ /t͡ʃ/
- i /ɪ/ /i/
- j /j/ /d͡ʒ/
- k /k/ /kʃ/
- l /l/ /ʎ/
- m /m/ /ŋ/
- n /n/ /ɲ/
- o /o/ /ø/
- p /p/ /pʰ/
- q /ɬ/ /q/
- r /r/ /ʁ/
- s /z/ /s/
- t /t/ /θ/
- u /ʊ/ /u/
- v /v/ /ɣ/
- w /w/ /y/
- x /ks/ /x/
- y /ɮ/ /d͡ʑ/
- z /d͡z/ /ʒ/
There are no diphthongs in X'ocpláq', but there are two digraphs: tq /t͡ɬ/ and dy /d͡ɮ/, each for a voiceless and voiced alveolar lateral affricate, respectively.
[edit] Verbs
The conjugation follows this pattern: A-I-R-S, where A is the first vowel in the verb, I is the infix which indicates the tense, R is the verb root (without the first vowel), and S is the suffix, which indicates the person, the gender and the number (known as PGN).
[edit] Tense infixes
- Present tense -ja-
- Perfect tense -jé-
- Pluperfect tense -ji-
- Future tense -jo-
- Plufuture tense -jó-
- Conjunctive -ju-
- Imperative -j'ú-
[edit] PGN (person-gender-number) suffixes
The following suffixes must be placed like this: person-gender-number (just like the title).
[edit] Person
- First person - lá
- Second person - lí
- Third present person - lú
- Third distant person - lw'
- Fourth person (used for divine beings, like God) - léi
- Fifth person (used for one's alter ego) - leme
[edit] Gender
- Masculine - s
- Feminine - t
- Neuter (used for things and for mixed genders in plural) - v
- Abstractine (used for abstract terms) - p
[edit] Number
- Singular - ó
- Dual - ú
- Trial - á
- Plural - í
[edit] Verb example
By putting all those affixes, we can get an unique verb form. For example, verb oxoci, to eat.
- ojaxocilásó /ojəksoʃɪ'lazø/ - I eat (I eat now, I'm a male)
- ojaxocilátó - I eat (I eat now, I'm a female)
- ojoxocilítí - You're going to eat (You, plural, feminine)
- ojoxocilíví - You're going to eat (You, plural, masculine and feminine)
- oj'úxocilísó - Eat (You, singular, masculine)
If a verb begins with a consonant (very rare), then we put the first vowel in the beginning, the infix, the root (which is now the full verb) and the suffix. Verb r'oxi, to run, is a very good example.
- ojar'oxilásó - I run
[edit] Order
X'ocpláq' usually has an OVS system, but when the verb is axi, 'to be', then it's VOS. When the subject is a personal pronoun, the order changes to OV (the pronouns are blended into the verb) and VO respectively.
[edit] Nouns
Nouns and adjectives can have three cases: nominative, generitive and springitive (pronunciation: /'sprɪnʤɪtɪv/). The latter two are used only in X'ocpláq'.
[edit] Nominative
Nominative is used for normal nouns.
- Ajaxilásó d'en. I'm a boy.
The suffixes are:
- Singular: /
- Dual: -(a)da
- Trial: -(a)ra
- Plural: -(i)t'i
These suffixes are used for both nouns and adjectives and for masculine, feminine, neuter and abstractine.
[edit] Generitive
Generitive is used for nouns that are the cause of an action or a thing or are larger wholes that have smaller parts.
- Cregn' grúbla ajaxilúvó x'á. That's a loaf of bread. (Bread is the cause of a loaf; a loaf is a part of it.)
The suffixes are:
- Singular: -(a)la
- Dual: -(a)tqa
- Trial: -(a)dya
- Plural: -(a)nza
These suffixes are used for both nouns and adjectives and for masculine, feminine, neuter and abstractine.
[edit] Springitive
Springitive is used for nouns that are consequences of some actions or things or are parts of a larger whole.
- R'uvn'u ujajucilásó . I draw a man. (Man drawing is a consequence of an action - drawing.)
The suffixes are:
- Singular: -(a)n'u
- Dual: -(a)n'du
- Trial: -(a)n'ru
- Plural: -(a)n'it'i
These suffixes are used for both nouns and adjectives and for masculine, feminine, neuter and abstractine.
[edit] Natural cases
Here is a list of natural cases and how are they used in X'ocpláq':
- Genitive - used as generitive
- Accusative - used as springitive
- Dative - used as springitive
- Locative - used as generitive
- Vocative - used as nominative
- Ablative - used as springitive
[edit] Pronouns
[edit] Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns don't exist as separate words, but as suffixes:
- 1st person - lá
- 2nd person - lí
- 3rd present person - lú
- 3rd distant person - lw'
- 4th person (used for divine beings, like God) - léi
- 5th person (used for one's alter ego) - leme
Additional gender and number suffixes are added after.
[edit] Possessive pronouns
Possesive pronouns are made by adding -d' to the pronouns suffix: lád', líd' etc. They are merged with the noun with a hyphen: d'en-líd' 'your boy'.
[edit] Numbers
X'ocpláq' has a multiplicative number system. For example, "six" is said two-three. So, only prime numbers are used:
0 - c'an (used only in numeral 0),1 - con (used only in numeral 1), 2 - da, 3 - d'ra, 5 - c'ad, 7 - c'ada, 11 - cad'á, 13 - c'ud, 17 - c'ud', 19 - clad', 23 - clám, 29 - cód, 31 - cód', 33 - c'ód, 37 - c'ód'
[edit] See also
- X'ocpláq' lexicon
- X'ocpláq' script
- X'ocpláq' history
- X'ocpláq' names
- List of conlangs - don't neglect them!
